用Wood模型拟合长三角地区中国荷斯坦牛产奶量及乳成分变化曲线
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摘要
本研究旨在采用Wood模型拟合长三角地区中国荷斯坦牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳中体细胞评分(SCS)的变化曲线。以长三角地区10个大中型牧场中国荷斯坦牛(1~3胎)的104 368条数据为基础,利用Wood模型对产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳中SCS数据进行曲线拟合。结果表明:1)中国荷斯坦牛产奶量为标准泌乳曲线,而乳脂率、乳蛋白率和乳中SCS变化则为倒抛物线形。2)Wood模型对产奶量的拟合度最高,各胎次均在0.98以上,其次为乳中SCS,各胎次的拟合度均在0.93以上,而各胎次的乳脂率的拟合度也均在0.92以上。3)1、2胎产奶量高峰出现时间与乳中SCS最低值出现时间相近,而乳脂率最低值出现时间相对较晚。4)1胎高峰产奶量(32.426 3 kg/d)较2、3胎低,而1胎维持高产奶量(4.98)及乳蛋白率的持续力(4.19)较2、3胎强。综合各指标可以得出,Wood模型适用于长三角地区中国荷斯坦牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率及乳中SCS变化曲线的拟合。
This study aimed to fit the changing curves of milk yield,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage and milk somatic cell score( SCS) of Chinese Holstein dairy cows in Yangtze river delta using Wood's model. Data at the amount of 104 368 was collected from ten medium or large size farms of Chinese Holstein dairy cows( first to third parities) in Yangtze river delta,and Wood's model was used to fit the changing curves of milk yield,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage and milk somatic cell score. The results showed as follows: 1) the curve of milk yield of Chinese Holstein dairy cows was the standard lactation curve,and the curves of milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage and milk SCS showed the reversed parabola shape. 2) The goodness of fit was above 0.98 for milk yield of different parities,then following with that of milk SCS of different parities,which was above 0.93,and the goodness of fit was above 0.92 for milk fat percentage of different parities. 3) The time of peak milk yield of the first and second parities was close to that reaching the lowest milk SCS,and the lowest milk fat percentage appeared relatively late. 4) The peak milk yield of the first parity( 32.426 3 kg/d) was lower than that of the second and third parities,while the persistence of keeping high milk yield( 4.98) and milk protein percentage( 4.19) of the first parity was higher than those of the second and third parities. It can be concluded that Wood's model is suitable for fitting of curves of milk yield,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage and milk SCS of Chinese Holstein dairy cows in Yangtze river delta.
This study aimed to fit the changing curves of milk yield,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage and milk somatic cell score( SCS) of Chinese Holstein dairy cows in Yangtze river delta using Wood's model. Data at the amount of 104 368 was collected from ten medium or large size farms of Chinese Holstein dairy cows( first to third parities) in Yangtze river delta,and Wood's model was used to fit the changing curves of milk yield,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage and milk somatic cell score. The results showed as follows: 1) the curve of milk yield of Chinese Holstein dairy cows was the standard lactation curve,and the curves of milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage and milk SCS showed the reversed parabola shape. 2) The goodness of fit was above 0.98 for milk yield of different parities,then following with that of milk SCS of different parities,which was above 0.93,and the goodness of fit was above 0.92 for milk fat percentage of different parities. 3) The time of peak milk yield of the first and second parities was close to that reaching the lowest milk SCS,and the lowest milk fat percentage appeared relatively late. 4) The peak milk yield of the first parity( 32.426 3 kg/d) was lower than that of the second and third parities,while the persistence of keeping high milk yield( 4.98) and milk protein percentage( 4.19) of the first parity was higher than those of the second and third parities. It can be concluded that Wood's model is suitable for fitting of curves of milk yield,milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage and milk SCS of Chinese Holstein dairy cows in Yangtze river delta.
引文
[1]GAINES W L.Persistency of lactation in dairy cows[M].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1927.
[2]WOOD P D P.Algebraic model of the lactation curve in cattle[J].Nature,1967,216(5111):164-165.
[3]WILMINK J B M.Adjustment of test day milk,fat and protein yield for age,season and stage of lactation[J].Livestock Production Science,1987,16(4):335-348.
[4]NELDER J A.Inverse polynomials,a useful group of m ultifactor response fuctions[J].Biom etrics,1966,22(1):128-141.
[5]ALI T E,SCHAEFFER L R.Accounting for covariance am ong test day m ilk yields in dairy cow[J].Canadian Journal of Anim al Science,1987,67(3):637-644.
[6]DA CUNHA D D N F V,PEREIRA J C,CAMPOS O F,et al.Selection of m odels of lactation curves to use in m ilk production sim ulation system s[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2010,39(4):891-902.
[7]MAREK J,RAJMON R,HALOUN T.Critical evaluation of seven lactation curve estim ation m odels[C]//ABRAHAM A,JIANG X,SNASEL V,et al.Intelligent data analysis and applications.Cham:Springer,2015:73-84.
[8]赵智华,彭顺清,李凤翔,等.用Wood模型拟合四川地区黑白花奶牛泌乳曲线的研究[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,27(1S):19-20.
[9]毛永江,张亚琴,许兆君,等.中国荷斯坦牛泌乳曲线拟合研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(9):1239-1248.
[10]努尔比亚·吾布力,付雪峰,热西提·阿不都热依木,等.新疆农七师荷斯坦牛不同模型泌乳曲线拟合效果分析[J].中国奶牛,2012(17):19-22.
[11]POLOTT G E.Deconstructing milk yield and composition during lactation using biologically based lactation m odels[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(8):2375-2387.
[12]TORSHIZI M E.Effects of season and age at first calving on genetic and phenotypic characteristics of lactation curve param eters in Holstein cow s[J].Journal of Anim al Science and Technology,2016,58:8.
[13]OLORIA V E,BROTHERSTONEA S,HILLA W G,et al.Fit of standard m odels of the lactation curve to w eekly records of m ilk production of cow s in single herd[J].Livestock Production Science,1999,58(1):55-63.
[14]毛永江,张美荣,许兆君,等.用Wood模型拟合南方中国荷斯坦牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和体细胞评分及其效果分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(12):1904-1909.
[15]熊本海,杨亮,杨琴,等.中国北方荷斯坦奶牛乳产量及乳成分变化的普适模型构建[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(12):1939-1948.
[16]FRIGGENS N C,EMMANS G C,KYRIAZAKIS I,et al.Feed intake relative to stage of lactation for dairy cow s consum ing total m ixed diets w ith a high or low ratio of concentrate to forage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81(8):2228-2239.
[17]张美荣,廖想想,陈丹,等.产犊季节、胎次及牛场对荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响[J].中国牛业科学,2012,38(4):6-9.
[18]罗清尧,熊本海,马毅,等.中国荷斯坦奶牛第二泌乳期泌乳曲线模型的研究[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(23):4910-4916.
[19]STERI R,CAPPIO-BORLINO A,MACCIOTTA N P P.M odelling extended lactation curves for m ilk production traits in Italian Holsteins[J].Italian Journal of Anim al Science,2009,8(2S):165-167.
[20]GOLEBIEWSKI M,BRZOZOWSKI P,GOLEBIEWSKI L.Analysis of lactation curves,m ilk constituents,som atic cell count and urea in m ilk of cow s by the m athem atical m odel of Wood[J].Acta Veterinaria Brno,2011,80(1):73-80.
[2]WOOD P D P.Algebraic model of the lactation curve in cattle[J].Nature,1967,216(5111):164-165.
[3]WILMINK J B M.Adjustment of test day milk,fat and protein yield for age,season and stage of lactation[J].Livestock Production Science,1987,16(4):335-348.
[4]NELDER J A.Inverse polynomials,a useful group of m ultifactor response fuctions[J].Biom etrics,1966,22(1):128-141.
[5]ALI T E,SCHAEFFER L R.Accounting for covariance am ong test day m ilk yields in dairy cow[J].Canadian Journal of Anim al Science,1987,67(3):637-644.
[6]DA CUNHA D D N F V,PEREIRA J C,CAMPOS O F,et al.Selection of m odels of lactation curves to use in m ilk production sim ulation system s[J].Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia,2010,39(4):891-902.
[7]MAREK J,RAJMON R,HALOUN T.Critical evaluation of seven lactation curve estim ation m odels[C]//ABRAHAM A,JIANG X,SNASEL V,et al.Intelligent data analysis and applications.Cham:Springer,2015:73-84.
[8]赵智华,彭顺清,李凤翔,等.用Wood模型拟合四川地区黑白花奶牛泌乳曲线的研究[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,27(1S):19-20.
[9]毛永江,张亚琴,许兆君,等.中国荷斯坦牛泌乳曲线拟合研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2011,42(9):1239-1248.
[10]努尔比亚·吾布力,付雪峰,热西提·阿不都热依木,等.新疆农七师荷斯坦牛不同模型泌乳曲线拟合效果分析[J].中国奶牛,2012(17):19-22.
[11]POLOTT G E.Deconstructing milk yield and composition during lactation using biologically based lactation m odels[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2004,87(8):2375-2387.
[12]TORSHIZI M E.Effects of season and age at first calving on genetic and phenotypic characteristics of lactation curve param eters in Holstein cow s[J].Journal of Anim al Science and Technology,2016,58:8.
[13]OLORIA V E,BROTHERSTONEA S,HILLA W G,et al.Fit of standard m odels of the lactation curve to w eekly records of m ilk production of cow s in single herd[J].Livestock Production Science,1999,58(1):55-63.
[14]毛永江,张美荣,许兆君,等.用Wood模型拟合南方中国荷斯坦牛产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和体细胞评分及其效果分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2012,43(12):1904-1909.
[15]熊本海,杨亮,杨琴,等.中国北方荷斯坦奶牛乳产量及乳成分变化的普适模型构建[J].畜牧兽医学报,2014,45(12):1939-1948.
[16]FRIGGENS N C,EMMANS G C,KYRIAZAKIS I,et al.Feed intake relative to stage of lactation for dairy cow s consum ing total m ixed diets w ith a high or low ratio of concentrate to forage[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81(8):2228-2239.
[17]张美荣,廖想想,陈丹,等.产犊季节、胎次及牛场对荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响[J].中国牛业科学,2012,38(4):6-9.
[18]罗清尧,熊本海,马毅,等.中国荷斯坦奶牛第二泌乳期泌乳曲线模型的研究[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(23):4910-4916.
[19]STERI R,CAPPIO-BORLINO A,MACCIOTTA N P P.M odelling extended lactation curves for m ilk production traits in Italian Holsteins[J].Italian Journal of Anim al Science,2009,8(2S):165-167.
[20]GOLEBIEWSKI M,BRZOZOWSKI P,GOLEBIEWSKI L.Analysis of lactation curves,m ilk constituents,som atic cell count and urea in m ilk of cow s by the m athem atical m odel of Wood[J].Acta Veterinaria Brno,2011,80(1):73-80.