镍基高温合金γ'相粗化的三维相场法研究进展
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摘要
镍基高温合金以其优异的抗疲劳性能、韧性、高温蠕变强度、表面稳定性、抗氧化和抗热腐蚀性能,在航空航天领域引起了广泛的关注。γ'相为Ni3X结构的有序沉淀相,是镍基高温合金最主要的强化相,其粗化行为显著影响着镍基高温合金的高温性能,因而近年来投入了大量的人力物力对γ'相粗化行为进行研究。由于实验二维视场的尺寸限制,对γ'相粗化行为的三维相场法研究发展迅速。在对相场法界面模型及其本质进行阐述的基础上,综述了近年来国内外对镍基高温合金γ'相粗化行为的三维相场法研究结果,并指出了材料科学家们通过实验方法对镍基高温合金进行三维研究的不懈努力,为进一步利用三维相场法研究γ'相粗化行为提供参考,以不断优化镍基高温合金实验参数,减少实验的重复,节约经费和时间。同时,展望了三维相场法研究镍基高温合金的研究方向。
Ni-based superalloys attracted wide attention in the aerospace field because of their excellent strength,toughness,fatigue performance,oxidation and thermal corrosion performance at high temperatures. γ' phase was an ordered phase with Ni3 X structure,which was the most important strengthening phase,and the high-temperature performance of Ni-based superalloys could be influenced by the coarsening of γ' phase significantly. Thus,a lot of manpower material resources were invested to study the coarsening behavior of γ' phase in recent years. Due to the limited size of two-dimensional( 2D) experimental visible field,the investigation of γ' phase coarsening using three-dimensional( 3D) phase field was developed rapidly. This paper reviewed the progress in three-dimensional phase field investigations of γ' phase coarsening in Ni-based superalloys based on an introduction of phase field interface model and its essence,and pointed out the material scientists' unremitting efforts in study on nickel-based superalloy with experimental method of3 D. In addition,the future study of γ' phase coarsening using three-dimensional phase field was prospected.
Ni-based superalloys attracted wide attention in the aerospace field because of their excellent strength,toughness,fatigue performance,oxidation and thermal corrosion performance at high temperatures. γ' phase was an ordered phase with Ni3 X structure,which was the most important strengthening phase,and the high-temperature performance of Ni-based superalloys could be influenced by the coarsening of γ' phase significantly. Thus,a lot of manpower material resources were invested to study the coarsening behavior of γ' phase in recent years. Due to the limited size of two-dimensional( 2D) experimental visible field,the investigation of γ' phase coarsening using three-dimensional( 3D) phase field was developed rapidly. This paper reviewed the progress in three-dimensional phase field investigations of γ' phase coarsening in Ni-based superalloys based on an introduction of phase field interface model and its essence,and pointed out the material scientists' unremitting efforts in study on nickel-based superalloy with experimental method of3 D. In addition,the future study of γ' phase coarsening using three-dimensional phase field was prospected.
引文
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[6]Li F L,Fu R,Feng D,Yin F J,Tian Z L.Hot deformation characteristics of Ni-base wrought superalloy CDS&W FGH96[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2015,39(3):201.(李福林,付锐,冯涤,尹法杰,田志凌.镍基变形高温合金CDS&W FGH96热变形行为研究[J].稀有金属,2015,39(3):201.)
[7]Wang T,Sheng G,Liu Z K.Coarsening kinetics ofγ'precipitates in the Ni-Al-Mo system[J].Acta Materialia,2008,56(19):5544.
[8]Wang Y,Banerjee D,Su C C,Khachaturyan A G.Field kinetic model and computer simulation of precipitation of L12 ordered intermetallics from F.C.C solid solution[J].Acta Materialia,1998,46(9):2983.
[9]Kundin J,Mushongera L,Goehler T,Emmerich H.Phase-field modeling of theγ'-coarsening behavior in Nibased superalloys[J].Acta Materialia,2012,60(9):3758.
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[12]Moelans N,Blanpain B,Wollants P.An introduction to phase-field modeling of microstructure evolution[J].Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry,2008,32(2):268.
[13]Wang Y,Li J.Phase field modeling of defects and deformation[J].Acta Materialia,2010,58(4):1212.
[14]Wang J C,Osawa M,Yokokawa T,Harada H,Enomoto M.Modeling the microstructural evolution of Ni-base superalloys by phase field method combined with CALPHAD and CVM[J].Computational Materials Science,2007,39(4):871.
[15]Cheng X L,Li Y S,Zhang L,Zhu H.Phase field simulation of morphology evolution and coarsening ofγ'intermetallic phase in Ni-Al alloy[J].Materials Science and Technology,2013,29(3):364.
[16]Chen L Q,Shen J.Application of semi-implicit fourier-spectral method to phase field equations[J].Computer Physics Communications,1998,108(2):147.
[17]Zhu J Z,Chen L Q.Coarsening kinetics from a variable-mobility Cahn-Hilliard equation:application of a semi-implicit fourier spectral method[J].Physical Review E,1999,60(4):3564.
[18]Boisse J,Lecoq N,Patte R,Zapolsky H.Phase-field simulation of coarsening ofγprecipitates in an orderedγ'matrix[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(18):6151.
[19]Vaithyanathan V,Chen L Q.Coarsening of ordered intermetallic precipitates with coherency stress[J].Acta Materialia,2002,50(16):4061.
[20]Li D Y,Chen L Q.Computer simulation of morphological evolution and rafting ofγ'particles in Ni-based superalloys under applied stresses[J].Scripta Materialia,1997,37(9):1271.
[21]Rubin G,Khachaturyan A G.Three-dimensional model of precipitation of ordered intermetallics[J].Acta Materialia,1999,47(7):199.
[22]Banerjee D,Banerjee R,Wang Y.Formation of split patterns ofγ'precipitates in Ni-Al particle aggregation[J].Scripta Materialia,1999,41(9):1023.
[23]Zhu J Z,Liu Z K,Vaithyanathan V,Chen L Q.Linking phase-field model to CALPHAD:application to precipitate shape evolution in Ni-base alloys[J].Scripta Materialia,2002,46(5):401.
[24]Wang J C,Osawa M,Yokokawa T.Phase-field modeling with CALPHAD and CVM for microstructural evolution of Ni-base superalloy[A].Green K A,Pollock T M,Harada H,Howson T E,Reed R C,Schirra J J,Walston S.Superalloys 2004[C].Japan:The Minerals,Metals&Materials Society,2004.933.
[25]Kitashima T,Wang J C,Harada H.Phase-field simulation with the CALPHAD method for the microstructure evolution of multi-component Ni-base superalloys[J].Intermetallics,2008,16(2):239.
[26]Wu K S,Chen S L,Zhang F.Integrating CALPHAD into phase field simulations for practical applications[J].Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion,2009,30(5):571.
[27]Tien J K,Gamble R P.Effects of stress coarsening on coherent particle strengthening[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,1972,3(8):2157.
[28]Nabarro F R N.Rafting in superalloys[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1996,27A(3):513.
[29]Fahrmann M,Hermann W,Fahrmann E,Boegli A,Pollock T M,Sockel H G.Determination of matrix and precipitate elastic constants in(γ-γ')Ni-base model alloys,and their relevance to rafting[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,1999,260(1~2):212.
[30]Seidman D N.Three-dimensional atom-probe tomography:advances and applications[J].Annual Review of Materials Research,2007,37(1):127.
[31]Plotnikov E Y,Mao Z G,Noebe R D,Seidman D N.Temporal evolution of theγ(fcc)/γ'(L12)interfacial width in binary Ni-Al alloys[J].Scripta Materialia,2014,70(1):51.
[32]Sudbrack C K,Yoon K E,Noebe R D,Seidman D N.Temporal evolution of the nanostructure and phase compositions in a model Ni-Al-Cr alloy[J].Acta Materialia,2006,54(12):3199.
[33]Yoon K E,Noebe R D,Seidman D N.Effects of rhenium addition on the temporal evolution of the nanostructure and chemistry of a model Ni-Cr-Al superalloy.I:experimental observations[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(4):1145.
[34]Morrison C B,Noebe R D,Seidman D N.Effects of tantalum on the temporal evolution of a model Ni-Al-Cr superalloy during phase decomposition[J].Acta Materialia,2009,57(3):909.
[35]Sagui C,Orlikowski D,Somoza A M,Roland C.Three-dimensional simulations of Ostwald ripening with elastic effects[J].Physical Review E,1998,58(4):4092.
[36]Orlikowski D,Sagui C,Somoza A M,Roland C.Twoand three-dimensional simulations of the phase separation of elastically coherent binary alloys subject to external stresses[J].Physical Review B,2000,62(5):3160.
[37]Ardell A J.The effects of elastic interactions on precipitate microstructural evolution in elastically inhomogeneous nickel-base alloys[J].Philosophical Magazine,2014,94(19):2101.
[38]Banerjeea D,Banerjeea R,Wang Y.Formation of split patterns ofγ'precipitates in Ni-Al via particle aggregation[J].Scripta Materialia,1999,41(9):1023.
[39]Zhu J Z,Wang T,Ardell A J,Zhou S H,Liu Z K,Chen L Q.Three-dimensional phase-field simulations of coarsening kinetics ofγ'particles in binary Ni-Al alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2004,52(9):2837.
[40]Lifshitz I M,Slyozov V V.The kinetics of precipitation from supersturated sold solutions[J].Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,1961,19(61):35.
[41]Wagner C.Theorie der alterung von niederschlagen durch umlosen(ostwald-reifung)[J].Zeitschrift Fur Elektrochem,1961,65(7~8):581.
[42]Zhou N,Chen C,Mills M J,Wang Y.Phase field modeling of channel dislocation activity andγ'rafting in single crystal Ni-Al[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(16):5369.
[43]Zhou N,Chen C,Mills M J,Wang Y.Contributions from elastic inhomogeneity and from plasticity toγ'rafting in single-crystal Ni-Al[J].Acta Materialia,2008,56(20):6156.
[44]Zhou N,Chen C,Mills M J,Wang Y.Large-scale three-dimensional phase field simulation ofγ'-rafting and creep deformation[J].Philosophical Magazine,2010,90(1-4):7.
[45]Tsukada Y,Koyama T,Murata Y,Miura N,Kondo Y.Estimation ofγ/γ'diffusion mobility and three-dimen-sional phase-field simulation of rafting in a commercial nickel-based superalloy[J].Computational Materials Science,2014,83(15):371.
[46]Rajendran M K,Shchyglo O,Steinbach I.Large scale3-D phase-field simulation of coarsening in Ni-base superalloys[J].EDP Sciences,2014,14(1):11001.
[47]Zhou G Z,Wang Y X,Chen Z.Three-dimensional phase-field method simulation of coarsening kinetics ofγ'particles under elastic energy in Ni base alloys[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2014,43(4):916.(周广钊,王永欣,陈铮.三维相场法模拟弹性能作用下Ni基合金γ'相颗粒的粗化动力学[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2014,43(4):916.)
[48]Cheng X L,Li Y S,Zhang L,Zhu H.Precipitate behavior and microstructure evolution ofγ'phase in Ni-Al alloys with the internal elastic strain[J].Materials Science Forum,2013,749(3):491.
[49]Ta N,Zhang L J,Du Y.Design of the precipitation process for Ni-Al alloys with optimal mechanical properties:a phase-field study[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2014,45A(4):1787.
[2]Li Y S,Chen Z,Lu Y L,Wang Y X,Chu Z.Computer simulation of ordered interphase boundary structure of Ni-Al-V alloy using microscopic phase-field method[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2006,35(2):200.(李永胜,陈铮,卢艳丽,王永欣,褚忠.NiAl-V合金有序畴界面结构的微观相场模拟[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,35(2):200.)
[3]Zhao Y,Zhang H Y,Wei H,Zheng Q,Jin T,Sun X F.Progress of phase field investigations ofγ'rafting in nickel-base single crystal superalloys[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(35):3692.(赵彦,张洪宇,韦华,郑启,金涛,孙晓峰.镍基单晶高温合金中γ'相筏化行为的相场法研究进展[J].科学通报,2013,58(35):3692.)
[4]Li Y S,Chen Z,Wang Y X,Zhang J J.Simulation of the precipitation process of Ni75Al5.5V19.5alloy using microscopic phase-field method[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineeing,2006,35(7):1030.(李永胜,陈铮,王永欣,张建军.Ni75Al5.5V19.5合金沉淀行为的微观相场模拟[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,35(7):1030.)
[5]Pang Y X,Li Y S,Wu X C,Liu W,Hou Z Y.Phase-field simulation of diffusion-controlled coarsening kinetics ofγ'phase in Ni-Al alloy[J].International Journal of Materials Research,2015,106(2):108.
[6]Li F L,Fu R,Feng D,Yin F J,Tian Z L.Hot deformation characteristics of Ni-base wrought superalloy CDS&W FGH96[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2015,39(3):201.(李福林,付锐,冯涤,尹法杰,田志凌.镍基变形高温合金CDS&W FGH96热变形行为研究[J].稀有金属,2015,39(3):201.)
[7]Wang T,Sheng G,Liu Z K.Coarsening kinetics ofγ'precipitates in the Ni-Al-Mo system[J].Acta Materialia,2008,56(19):5544.
[8]Wang Y,Banerjee D,Su C C,Khachaturyan A G.Field kinetic model and computer simulation of precipitation of L12 ordered intermetallics from F.C.C solid solution[J].Acta Materialia,1998,46(9):2983.
[9]Kundin J,Mushongera L,Goehler T,Emmerich H.Phase-field modeling of theγ'-coarsening behavior in Nibased superalloys[J].Acta Materialia,2012,60(9):3758.
[10]Cheng X L.Precipitate Behavior ofγ'Phase in Ni-Al Alloys with the Internal Elastic Strain[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2013.2.(程晓玲.弹性应力下Ni-Al合金γ'相沉淀行为研究[D].南京:南京理工大学,2013.2.)
[11]Jian Z Y,Liu C X,LüZ G.Computer Materials Science[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2012.3.(坚增运,刘翠霞,吕志刚.计算材料学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012.3.)
[12]Moelans N,Blanpain B,Wollants P.An introduction to phase-field modeling of microstructure evolution[J].Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry,2008,32(2):268.
[13]Wang Y,Li J.Phase field modeling of defects and deformation[J].Acta Materialia,2010,58(4):1212.
[14]Wang J C,Osawa M,Yokokawa T,Harada H,Enomoto M.Modeling the microstructural evolution of Ni-base superalloys by phase field method combined with CALPHAD and CVM[J].Computational Materials Science,2007,39(4):871.
[15]Cheng X L,Li Y S,Zhang L,Zhu H.Phase field simulation of morphology evolution and coarsening ofγ'intermetallic phase in Ni-Al alloy[J].Materials Science and Technology,2013,29(3):364.
[16]Chen L Q,Shen J.Application of semi-implicit fourier-spectral method to phase field equations[J].Computer Physics Communications,1998,108(2):147.
[17]Zhu J Z,Chen L Q.Coarsening kinetics from a variable-mobility Cahn-Hilliard equation:application of a semi-implicit fourier spectral method[J].Physical Review E,1999,60(4):3564.
[18]Boisse J,Lecoq N,Patte R,Zapolsky H.Phase-field simulation of coarsening ofγprecipitates in an orderedγ'matrix[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(18):6151.
[19]Vaithyanathan V,Chen L Q.Coarsening of ordered intermetallic precipitates with coherency stress[J].Acta Materialia,2002,50(16):4061.
[20]Li D Y,Chen L Q.Computer simulation of morphological evolution and rafting ofγ'particles in Ni-based superalloys under applied stresses[J].Scripta Materialia,1997,37(9):1271.
[21]Rubin G,Khachaturyan A G.Three-dimensional model of precipitation of ordered intermetallics[J].Acta Materialia,1999,47(7):199.
[22]Banerjee D,Banerjee R,Wang Y.Formation of split patterns ofγ'precipitates in Ni-Al particle aggregation[J].Scripta Materialia,1999,41(9):1023.
[23]Zhu J Z,Liu Z K,Vaithyanathan V,Chen L Q.Linking phase-field model to CALPHAD:application to precipitate shape evolution in Ni-base alloys[J].Scripta Materialia,2002,46(5):401.
[24]Wang J C,Osawa M,Yokokawa T.Phase-field modeling with CALPHAD and CVM for microstructural evolution of Ni-base superalloy[A].Green K A,Pollock T M,Harada H,Howson T E,Reed R C,Schirra J J,Walston S.Superalloys 2004[C].Japan:The Minerals,Metals&Materials Society,2004.933.
[25]Kitashima T,Wang J C,Harada H.Phase-field simulation with the CALPHAD method for the microstructure evolution of multi-component Ni-base superalloys[J].Intermetallics,2008,16(2):239.
[26]Wu K S,Chen S L,Zhang F.Integrating CALPHAD into phase field simulations for practical applications[J].Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion,2009,30(5):571.
[27]Tien J K,Gamble R P.Effects of stress coarsening on coherent particle strengthening[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,1972,3(8):2157.
[28]Nabarro F R N.Rafting in superalloys[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,1996,27A(3):513.
[29]Fahrmann M,Hermann W,Fahrmann E,Boegli A,Pollock T M,Sockel H G.Determination of matrix and precipitate elastic constants in(γ-γ')Ni-base model alloys,and their relevance to rafting[J].Materials Science and Engineering A,1999,260(1~2):212.
[30]Seidman D N.Three-dimensional atom-probe tomography:advances and applications[J].Annual Review of Materials Research,2007,37(1):127.
[31]Plotnikov E Y,Mao Z G,Noebe R D,Seidman D N.Temporal evolution of theγ(fcc)/γ'(L12)interfacial width in binary Ni-Al alloys[J].Scripta Materialia,2014,70(1):51.
[32]Sudbrack C K,Yoon K E,Noebe R D,Seidman D N.Temporal evolution of the nanostructure and phase compositions in a model Ni-Al-Cr alloy[J].Acta Materialia,2006,54(12):3199.
[33]Yoon K E,Noebe R D,Seidman D N.Effects of rhenium addition on the temporal evolution of the nanostructure and chemistry of a model Ni-Cr-Al superalloy.I:experimental observations[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(4):1145.
[34]Morrison C B,Noebe R D,Seidman D N.Effects of tantalum on the temporal evolution of a model Ni-Al-Cr superalloy during phase decomposition[J].Acta Materialia,2009,57(3):909.
[35]Sagui C,Orlikowski D,Somoza A M,Roland C.Three-dimensional simulations of Ostwald ripening with elastic effects[J].Physical Review E,1998,58(4):4092.
[36]Orlikowski D,Sagui C,Somoza A M,Roland C.Twoand three-dimensional simulations of the phase separation of elastically coherent binary alloys subject to external stresses[J].Physical Review B,2000,62(5):3160.
[37]Ardell A J.The effects of elastic interactions on precipitate microstructural evolution in elastically inhomogeneous nickel-base alloys[J].Philosophical Magazine,2014,94(19):2101.
[38]Banerjeea D,Banerjeea R,Wang Y.Formation of split patterns ofγ'precipitates in Ni-Al via particle aggregation[J].Scripta Materialia,1999,41(9):1023.
[39]Zhu J Z,Wang T,Ardell A J,Zhou S H,Liu Z K,Chen L Q.Three-dimensional phase-field simulations of coarsening kinetics ofγ'particles in binary Ni-Al alloys[J].Acta Materialia,2004,52(9):2837.
[40]Lifshitz I M,Slyozov V V.The kinetics of precipitation from supersturated sold solutions[J].Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids,1961,19(61):35.
[41]Wagner C.Theorie der alterung von niederschlagen durch umlosen(ostwald-reifung)[J].Zeitschrift Fur Elektrochem,1961,65(7~8):581.
[42]Zhou N,Chen C,Mills M J,Wang Y.Phase field modeling of channel dislocation activity andγ'rafting in single crystal Ni-Al[J].Acta Materialia,2007,55(16):5369.
[43]Zhou N,Chen C,Mills M J,Wang Y.Contributions from elastic inhomogeneity and from plasticity toγ'rafting in single-crystal Ni-Al[J].Acta Materialia,2008,56(20):6156.
[44]Zhou N,Chen C,Mills M J,Wang Y.Large-scale three-dimensional phase field simulation ofγ'-rafting and creep deformation[J].Philosophical Magazine,2010,90(1-4):7.
[45]Tsukada Y,Koyama T,Murata Y,Miura N,Kondo Y.Estimation ofγ/γ'diffusion mobility and three-dimen-sional phase-field simulation of rafting in a commercial nickel-based superalloy[J].Computational Materials Science,2014,83(15):371.
[46]Rajendran M K,Shchyglo O,Steinbach I.Large scale3-D phase-field simulation of coarsening in Ni-base superalloys[J].EDP Sciences,2014,14(1):11001.
[47]Zhou G Z,Wang Y X,Chen Z.Three-dimensional phase-field method simulation of coarsening kinetics ofγ'particles under elastic energy in Ni base alloys[J].Rare Metal Materials and Engineering,2014,43(4):916.(周广钊,王永欣,陈铮.三维相场法模拟弹性能作用下Ni基合金γ'相颗粒的粗化动力学[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2014,43(4):916.)
[48]Cheng X L,Li Y S,Zhang L,Zhu H.Precipitate behavior and microstructure evolution ofγ'phase in Ni-Al alloys with the internal elastic strain[J].Materials Science Forum,2013,749(3):491.
[49]Ta N,Zhang L J,Du Y.Design of the precipitation process for Ni-Al alloys with optimal mechanical properties:a phase-field study[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2014,45A(4):1787.