黄丘区自然草地对坡面土壤入渗的影响机制
|
摘要
利用野外人工模拟降雨试验,研究了草地覆盖度变化对土壤入渗过程的影响,定量分析了草地作用下入渗参数的变化规律。结果表明:草地覆盖度对土壤入渗率的影响存在着分级现象,36%~54%覆盖度范围内入渗率随着覆盖度增大而增大的幅度并不大,只有当草地覆盖度超过59%之后,入渗率才明显增大;草地具有削减入渗波动的能力;Horton和Philip入渗公式均能有效地反映不同植被覆盖度下降水在土壤中的入渗过程及特性;草地覆盖能有效增大土壤初始入渗率和稳渗率,并且土壤初始入渗率以及稳渗率与草地覆盖度均可用指数函数关系表示;草地覆盖度越高,初始入渗率和稳渗率相差越小,入渗率衰减得越慢。
The effects of vegetation coverage change on soil infiltration process were studied by model test using simulated rainfall and using the quantitative description of the variation of infiltration parameters under the vegetation coverage.The results show that the effects of vegetation coverage on soil infiltration rate can be described by different grades.The coverage range of the soil infiltration rate increases with the increase in the vegetation coverage of 36%-54%,but the change is not obvious.When the vegetation coverage is more than 59%,the soil infiltration rate increases significantly and vegetation has obvious ability to cut into the permeability curve fluctuation.Both Horton and Philip formula can provide a good description for describe infiltration characteristics of rainfall water in soil under the different vegetation coverage.Vegetation cover can effectively increase the initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate.The relationship between vegetation coverage and soil stable and initial infiltration rate can be expressed by the exponential function.In condition of the higher vegetation coverage,the less difference between initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate,and the infiltration rate decreases more slowly.
The effects of vegetation coverage change on soil infiltration process were studied by model test using simulated rainfall and using the quantitative description of the variation of infiltration parameters under the vegetation coverage.The results show that the effects of vegetation coverage on soil infiltration rate can be described by different grades.The coverage range of the soil infiltration rate increases with the increase in the vegetation coverage of 36%-54%,but the change is not obvious.When the vegetation coverage is more than 59%,the soil infiltration rate increases significantly and vegetation has obvious ability to cut into the permeability curve fluctuation.Both Horton and Philip formula can provide a good description for describe infiltration characteristics of rainfall water in soil under the different vegetation coverage.Vegetation cover can effectively increase the initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate.The relationship between vegetation coverage and soil stable and initial infiltration rate can be expressed by the exponential function.In condition of the higher vegetation coverage,the less difference between initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate,and the infiltration rate decreases more slowly.
引文
[1]姚文艺,李占斌,康玲玲.黄土高原土壤侵蚀治理的生态环境效应[M].北京:科学出版社,2005:1.
[2]SEEGER Manuel.Uncertainty of Factors Determining Runoff and Erosion Processes as Quantified by Rainfall Simulations[J].Catena,2007,71:56-67.
[3]HALLETT P D,KIDRON G J,KODEOVRadka,et al.Thematic Issue on the Hydrological Effects of the VegetationSoil Complex[J].Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics,2016,64(2):97-99.
[4]杨帆,姚文艺,戴文鸿,等.植被影响下的坡面水力侵蚀研究进展[J].人民黄河,2013,35(1):72-74.
[5]李毅,邵明安.人工草地覆盖条件下降雨入渗影响因素的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(3):18-23.
[6]姚文艺,肖培青,申震州,等.坡面产流过程及产沙临界对立地条件的响应关系[J].水利学报,2011,42(12):1438-1444.
[7]肖培青,姚文艺,申震洲,等.草被覆盖下坡面径流入渗过程及水力学参数特征试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):50-53.
[8]陈洪松,邵明安,张兴昌,等.野外模拟降雨条件下坡面降雨入渗、产流试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):5-8.
[9]赵梦杰,姚文艺,王金花,等.植被覆盖度对黄土高原地区土壤入渗及产流影响的试验研究[J].中国水土保持,2015(6):41-43.
[10]杨春霞,肖培青,甄斌,等.野外不同被覆坡面产流产沙特征[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):28-31.
[11]周鑫洋,王仰仁,刘群昌.四个入渗公式对农田潮土的适应性研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(8):96-100.
[12]赵西宁,吴发启,王万忠.黄土高原沟壑区坡耕地土壤入渗规律研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(4):109-112.
[13]赵鹏宇,徐学选,刘普灵,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤入渗规律研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(1):40-44.
[14]李建牢,刘世德.罗玉沟流域坡面土壤侵蚀的研究[J].中国水土保持,1989(9):36-39.
[15]张满良,张琳玲,雷鸣.黄土丘陵沟壑第Ⅲ副区罗玉沟流域水土流失监测体系建设[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(2):65-69.
[16]伍飞舟.黄土区罗玉沟流域土地利用变化及驱动力研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010:12.
[17]徐钊,孙晓楠,刘晓,等.遥感影像在罗玉沟流域下垫面调查中的应用[J].中国水土保持,2015(12):79-91.
[18]安乐平,秦瑞杰,康廷祥,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区罗玉沟流域水沙特性分析[J].中国水土保持,2014(12):36-40.
[19]陈洪松.黄土区坡地土壤水分运动与转化试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003:32-33.
[20]王文川,邱林,徐冬梅,等.工程水文学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013:27.
[21]HORTON R E.An Approach Toward A Physical Interpretation of Infiltration-Capacity[J].Soil Science Society of America Proceedings,1940,5(3):399-417.
[22]PHILIP J R.The Theory of Infiltration about Sorptivity and Algebraic in Filtration Equations[J].Soil Science,1957,84(4):257-264.
[23]赵西宁,吴发启.土壤水分入渗的研究进展和评述[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(1):42-45.
[2]SEEGER Manuel.Uncertainty of Factors Determining Runoff and Erosion Processes as Quantified by Rainfall Simulations[J].Catena,2007,71:56-67.
[3]HALLETT P D,KIDRON G J,KODEOVRadka,et al.Thematic Issue on the Hydrological Effects of the VegetationSoil Complex[J].Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics,2016,64(2):97-99.
[4]杨帆,姚文艺,戴文鸿,等.植被影响下的坡面水力侵蚀研究进展[J].人民黄河,2013,35(1):72-74.
[5]李毅,邵明安.人工草地覆盖条件下降雨入渗影响因素的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(3):18-23.
[6]姚文艺,肖培青,申震州,等.坡面产流过程及产沙临界对立地条件的响应关系[J].水利学报,2011,42(12):1438-1444.
[7]肖培青,姚文艺,申震洲,等.草被覆盖下坡面径流入渗过程及水力学参数特征试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):50-53.
[8]陈洪松,邵明安,张兴昌,等.野外模拟降雨条件下坡面降雨入渗、产流试验研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(2):5-8.
[9]赵梦杰,姚文艺,王金花,等.植被覆盖度对黄土高原地区土壤入渗及产流影响的试验研究[J].中国水土保持,2015(6):41-43.
[10]杨春霞,肖培青,甄斌,等.野外不同被覆坡面产流产沙特征[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(4):28-31.
[11]周鑫洋,王仰仁,刘群昌.四个入渗公式对农田潮土的适应性研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2015,34(8):96-100.
[12]赵西宁,吴发启,王万忠.黄土高原沟壑区坡耕地土壤入渗规律研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(4):109-112.
[13]赵鹏宇,徐学选,刘普灵,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用方式土壤入渗规律研究[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(1):40-44.
[14]李建牢,刘世德.罗玉沟流域坡面土壤侵蚀的研究[J].中国水土保持,1989(9):36-39.
[15]张满良,张琳玲,雷鸣.黄土丘陵沟壑第Ⅲ副区罗玉沟流域水土流失监测体系建设[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(2):65-69.
[16]伍飞舟.黄土区罗玉沟流域土地利用变化及驱动力研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010:12.
[17]徐钊,孙晓楠,刘晓,等.遥感影像在罗玉沟流域下垫面调查中的应用[J].中国水土保持,2015(12):79-91.
[18]安乐平,秦瑞杰,康廷祥,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区罗玉沟流域水沙特性分析[J].中国水土保持,2014(12):36-40.
[19]陈洪松.黄土区坡地土壤水分运动与转化试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2003:32-33.
[20]王文川,邱林,徐冬梅,等.工程水文学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2013:27.
[21]HORTON R E.An Approach Toward A Physical Interpretation of Infiltration-Capacity[J].Soil Science Society of America Proceedings,1940,5(3):399-417.
[22]PHILIP J R.The Theory of Infiltration about Sorptivity and Algebraic in Filtration Equations[J].Soil Science,1957,84(4):257-264.
[23]赵西宁,吴发启.土壤水分入渗的研究进展和评述[J].西北林学院学报,2004,19(1):42-45.