关系学习研究述评与展望
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摘要
在当今复杂多变的环境下,关系学习日益成为企业获取外部资源与知识的一种必要方式,对企业的创新创业具有重大的意义。作为近年来悄然兴起的重要研究主题之一,已经彰显出巨大的吸引力,但系统性的文献回顾较少。为此,首先,本文梳理了不同视角下关系学习的概念内涵,给出了关系学习的特征,并进一步讨论了它与组织间学习、组织学习的联系,紧接着阐明了关系学习的维度划分及测量方式,归纳了关系学习研究的理论基础;然后,揭示了来自组织主体之间、组织主体与外部环境层面的影响因素,阐述了关系学习的主效应、中介效应与调节效应等影响作用;最后,在此基础之上提炼出加强对关系学习维度动态关系与测度研究、探索关系学习的互动影响因素与复杂作用效果、扩展关系学习的研究对象与适用范围和加强本土化关系学习探究及纵向设计等未来研究方向。本文对加深关系学习的认识,推动关系学习的后续研究具有重要的参考价值。
In today's complex and ever-changing environment,with the acceleration of economic globalization,relationship learning is increasingly becoming a necessary way for companies to acquire external resources and knowledge,which is of great significance to the innovation and entrepreneurship of companies.As one of the main hot research topics that has quietly emerged in recent years,relationship learning has attracted great interest from scholars at home and abroad.Although the empirical research on relational learning has made significant progress,but people are not paying enough attention to relationship learning.Given that study on this issue is new and largely fragmented,it will be theoretically important to grasp the latest research progress and development trend.In this study,the article conducted a systematic review of domestic and foreign research achievement from four perspectives of the connotation,dimensions,measurement,influencing factors and outcomes of relationship learning.Firstly,we sorts out the concept connotation of relationship learning from different cognitive perspectives,and gives the characteristics,content and partners of relationship learning and its difference from organizational and inter-organizational learning.People understand relationship learning from the perspective of learning and ability.Relationship learning is a special kind of inter-organizational learning,which is different from organizational learning.The content of relationship learning has diverse characteristics.Partners associated with relationship learning include customers,suppliers,competitors,consultants,government agencies,universities,research institutions,market research organizations,advertising agencies and sales/distribution agents.Secondly,we compare different latitude divisions and measurement methods of relational learning.At present,many studies basically recognize and adopt the classical division of Selne and Sallis,and there is little detailed research on the latitude of relationship learning.One is to measure relationship learning as a formative construct,and the other is to measure as a constructive construct.Although the latter measure dominates the mainstream,it is questioned as a misunderstanding and misuse of the original concept of relational learning.In order to obtain reliable statistical test results,which form of measure should be used in relational learning constructs,which specific measurement items should be used,etc.need to be explored and clarified.Furthermore,the theoretical basis of relational learning research is expounded from two aspects.Thirdly,the paper summarizes the influencing factors of relationship learning from the related study of scattered relationship learning: organizational level factors,inter-organizational level factors and external environmental level factors.The first level of factors mainly include relationship practice,strategic orientation,resource ability and learning motivation.The second level of influence factors are revealed from relationship characteristics(relationship quality,relationship strength,relationship trust,relationship/social capital,organizational fit,competitive relationship,relationship asset investment,etc) and structural features(network density,centrality,etc).The third level of influence factors mainly includes environmental uncertainty and differences.In addition,we have combed the influence effect and mechanism of relationship learning.Next,this review discusses the effects of relationship learning mainly from three aspects: main effect,mediating effect and moderating effect.Currently,domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large number of theoretical deductions and empirical analysis on the relationship between relationship learning and corporate innovation performance.In general,the research literature on its effects of enterprise dual innovation,business model innovation,relationship value,and knowledge performance are quite rich,and make remarkable progress.Finally,based on the above analysis,current research further proposes that we should strengthen the research on the dynamic relationship and measurement of relationship learning dimension,explore the interactive influencing factors and complex effects of relationship learning,expand the research object and scope of relationship learning,and strengthen indigenous research and longitudinal design.
In today's complex and ever-changing environment,with the acceleration of economic globalization,relationship learning is increasingly becoming a necessary way for companies to acquire external resources and knowledge,which is of great significance to the innovation and entrepreneurship of companies.As one of the main hot research topics that has quietly emerged in recent years,relationship learning has attracted great interest from scholars at home and abroad.Although the empirical research on relational learning has made significant progress,but people are not paying enough attention to relationship learning.Given that study on this issue is new and largely fragmented,it will be theoretically important to grasp the latest research progress and development trend.In this study,the article conducted a systematic review of domestic and foreign research achievement from four perspectives of the connotation,dimensions,measurement,influencing factors and outcomes of relationship learning.Firstly,we sorts out the concept connotation of relationship learning from different cognitive perspectives,and gives the characteristics,content and partners of relationship learning and its difference from organizational and inter-organizational learning.People understand relationship learning from the perspective of learning and ability.Relationship learning is a special kind of inter-organizational learning,which is different from organizational learning.The content of relationship learning has diverse characteristics.Partners associated with relationship learning include customers,suppliers,competitors,consultants,government agencies,universities,research institutions,market research organizations,advertising agencies and sales/distribution agents.Secondly,we compare different latitude divisions and measurement methods of relational learning.At present,many studies basically recognize and adopt the classical division of Selne and Sallis,and there is little detailed research on the latitude of relationship learning.One is to measure relationship learning as a formative construct,and the other is to measure as a constructive construct.Although the latter measure dominates the mainstream,it is questioned as a misunderstanding and misuse of the original concept of relational learning.In order to obtain reliable statistical test results,which form of measure should be used in relational learning constructs,which specific measurement items should be used,etc.need to be explored and clarified.Furthermore,the theoretical basis of relational learning research is expounded from two aspects.Thirdly,the paper summarizes the influencing factors of relationship learning from the related study of scattered relationship learning: organizational level factors,inter-organizational level factors and external environmental level factors.The first level of factors mainly include relationship practice,strategic orientation,resource ability and learning motivation.The second level of influence factors are revealed from relationship characteristics(relationship quality,relationship strength,relationship trust,relationship/social capital,organizational fit,competitive relationship,relationship asset investment,etc) and structural features(network density,centrality,etc).The third level of influence factors mainly includes environmental uncertainty and differences.In addition,we have combed the influence effect and mechanism of relationship learning.Next,this review discusses the effects of relationship learning mainly from three aspects: main effect,mediating effect and moderating effect.Currently,domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large number of theoretical deductions and empirical analysis on the relationship between relationship learning and corporate innovation performance.In general,the research literature on its effects of enterprise dual innovation,business model innovation,relationship value,and knowledge performance are quite rich,and make remarkable progress.Finally,based on the above analysis,current research further proposes that we should strengthen the research on the dynamic relationship and measurement of relationship learning dimension,explore the interactive influencing factors and complex effects of relationship learning,expand the research object and scope of relationship learning,and strengthen indigenous research and longitudinal design.
引文
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[14]Rajala,A.Examining the Effects of Interorganizational Learning on Performance: A Meta-analysis[J].Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing,2018,33,(4):574-584.
[15]Skarmeas,D.,C.Saridakis,and C.N.Leonidou.Examining Relationship Value in Cross-border Business Relationships: A Comparison between Correlational and Configurational Approaches[J].Journal of Business Research,2018,(89): 280-286.
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