不同水分胁迫对绵毛水苏幼苗形态和生理特性的影响
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摘要
以绵毛水苏幼苗为试材,以正常供水为对照,研究不同水分胁迫(淹水、渍水、中度干旱、重度干旱)对绵毛水苏形态和生理指标的影响。结果表明:(1)绵毛水苏植株在淹水处理3d后外围叶片坏死,根系死亡,但茎基部有不定根萌生;渍水处理植株地上部始终无明显变化,但部分根系根尖变褐色;干旱处理7d时叶片萎蔫,且重度干旱处理叶片萎蔫程度大于中度干旱。胁迫解除后,除淹水处理在第13天恢复生长外,其余处理均在第2天恢复正常生长。(2)绵毛水苏叶片含水量和根系活力在淹水处理下显著降低,在渍水处理下无明显变化;在干旱胁迫下,叶片含水量迅速下降,而根系活力升高。(3)在各水分胁迫条件下,绵毛水苏植株叶、根的相对电导率和MDA含量均较对照显著升高,且根部受损程度均重于叶片,其中淹水胁迫受损最严重。(4)淹水处理叶片可溶性蛋白含量下降,可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸持续积累;渍水和干旱处理叶和根的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸均升高。研究认为,绵毛水苏具有较强的渗透调节能力,在渍水和干旱胁迫解除后迅速缓解膜质过氧化伤害,恢复正常生长;绵毛水苏虽不能在长时间淹水条件下生长,但可在渍水条件下正常生长,且能忍受干旱胁迫,可应用于滨水消落带等水分变化较大的区域。
Taking the seedlings of Stachys lanata as test materials,and the normal water supply as control,we studied the influence of different water stress(waterflooding,waterlogging,moderate drought and severe drought)on the morphological and physiological indexes.The results showed that:(1)under waterflooding treatment for three days,the leaves gradually necrosis and root died,but adventitious roots germinated at the base of stem.Under waterlogging treatment,there was no obvious change in the aboveground state,and there were some brownish root tips in the root system.Leaves wilted under drought treatment for seven days,and the degree of leaf wilting in severe drought treatment was higher than that in moderate drought treatment.After relief,except that waterflooding treatment resumed growth on the13 th day,the other treatments plants returned to normal growth on the second day.(2)The relative water content in leaf and root vitality both decreased under the waterflooding,but no significant changes were found in waterlogging,while the former decreased rapidly and the latter increased in drought treatment.(3)Under the conditions of water stress,the relative conductance and MDA content in leaf and root were both significantly higher than that of the control.The damage of the root was more serious than that of the leaf,and the damage of waterflooding stress was the most serious.(4)Under the waterflooding treatment,the contents of soluble protein decreased,soluble sugar and free proline accumulated continuously with the extension of stress time,the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein and free proline in leaf and root under waterlogging and drought treatment all increased.It can be seen that S.lanatahad strong osmotic adjustment ability.After the release of waterlogging and drought stress,the damage of membrane peroxidation was alleviated rapidly and then return to normal growth.Although S.lanatacould not lived under waterflooding for long time,but could normally growth under waterlogging,while had a good tolerance to drought stress.So,it could be used in the regions where the water content changes greatly in the waterfront drop zone and so on.
Taking the seedlings of Stachys lanata as test materials,and the normal water supply as control,we studied the influence of different water stress(waterflooding,waterlogging,moderate drought and severe drought)on the morphological and physiological indexes.The results showed that:(1)under waterflooding treatment for three days,the leaves gradually necrosis and root died,but adventitious roots germinated at the base of stem.Under waterlogging treatment,there was no obvious change in the aboveground state,and there were some brownish root tips in the root system.Leaves wilted under drought treatment for seven days,and the degree of leaf wilting in severe drought treatment was higher than that in moderate drought treatment.After relief,except that waterflooding treatment resumed growth on the13 th day,the other treatments plants returned to normal growth on the second day.(2)The relative water content in leaf and root vitality both decreased under the waterflooding,but no significant changes were found in waterlogging,while the former decreased rapidly and the latter increased in drought treatment.(3)Under the conditions of water stress,the relative conductance and MDA content in leaf and root were both significantly higher than that of the control.The damage of the root was more serious than that of the leaf,and the damage of waterflooding stress was the most serious.(4)Under the waterflooding treatment,the contents of soluble protein decreased,soluble sugar and free proline accumulated continuously with the extension of stress time,the content of soluble sugar,soluble protein and free proline in leaf and root under waterlogging and drought treatment all increased.It can be seen that S.lanatahad strong osmotic adjustment ability.After the release of waterlogging and drought stress,the damage of membrane peroxidation was alleviated rapidly and then return to normal growth.Although S.lanatacould not lived under waterflooding for long time,but could normally growth under waterlogging,while had a good tolerance to drought stress.So,it could be used in the regions where the water content changes greatly in the waterfront drop zone and so on.
引文
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[4]高桐梅,吴寅,李丰,等.苗期水分胁迫对芝麻生长和生理特性的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(11):2 229-2 235.GAO T M,WU Y,LI F,et al.Effects of water stress on physiological characteristics and growth under water stress in seedling of sesame[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(11):2 229-2 235.
[5]王淑英,姜小凤,苏敏,等.水分胁迫对春小麦光合和渗透调节物质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(2):364-367.WANG S Y,JIANG X F,SU M,et al.Effect of water stress on photosynthetic parameters and osmotic regulation substances of spring wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2013,33(2):364-367.
[6]MURATA T,ENDO Y,MIYASE T,et al.Iridoid glycoside constituents of Stachys lanata[J].Journal Natural Products,2008,71(10):1 768-1 770.
[7]付彦彦,周清,司哺春,等.逐渐干旱对绵毛水苏光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2011,(2):79-81.FU Y Y,ZHOU Q,SI B C,et al.Effects of gradual drought on photosynthesis characteristics of the Stachyslanata[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,(2):79-81.
[8]周清,汪照,樊荣,等.水分胁迫对绵毛水苏生长及光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2009,(12):160-161.ZHOU Q,WANG Z,FAN R,et al.Effects of water stress on the photosynthesis and growing characteristics in Stachys lanata[J].Northern Horticulture,2009,(12):160-161.
[9]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:228-230;211-218.
[10]曹昀,郑祥,杨阳,等.淹水对灰化苔草幼苗生长及抗氧化物酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3 273-3 278.CAO Y,ZHENG X,YANG Y,et al.Effects of waterlogging on the growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of Carex cinerascens seedling[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(12):3 273-3 278.
[11]袁勇.干旱情景下湿地生态水文演变及综合应对[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[12]谢涛,杨志峰.水分胁迫对黄河三角洲河口湿地芦苇光合参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(3):562-568.XIE T,YANG Z F.Effects of water stress on Photosynthetic parameters of Phragmites australis in estuarine wetland of Yellow River Delta[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(3):562-568.
[13]刘晓娟.盐涝互作对大果沙枣生理特性的影响[D].济南:山东师范大学,2016.
[14]郭欣欣,李晓锋,朱红芳,等.淹水胁迫对不结球白菜根系生长与呼吸酶活性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(4):793-800.GUO X X,LI X F,ZHU H F,et al.Respiratory metabolism of pakchoi seedings roots under waterlogging stress[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident.Sin,2015,35(4):793-800.
[15]苏慧敏,何丙辉,蔡兴华,等.水分胁迫对太阳扇扦插苗形态和生理特征的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(10):2 185-2 190.SU H M,HE B H,CAI X H,et al.Effects of water stress on the morphological characteristics of Scaevola aemula cutting seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(10):2 185-2 190.
[16]张志远,郭巧生,邵清松.淹水胁迫对药用菊花苗期生理生化指标的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(18):2 285-2 289.ZHANG Z Y,GUO Q S,SHAO Q S.Effects of waterlogging stress on Physiological and biochemical characteristics of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium during seedling stage[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica[J],2009,34(18):2 285-2 289.
[17]杨柳,何正军,赵文吉,等.狭叶红景天幼苗对水分及遮阴的生长及生理生化响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4 706-4 714.YANG L,HE Z J,ZHAO W J,et al.Growth,physiological,and biochemical responses of Rhodiola kirilowii seedlings to water and shading[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(14):4 706-4 714.
[18]金雅琴.乌桕实生苗培育及耐盐抗旱生理研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2012.
[19]任鹏,赵宝平,刘瑞芳,等.水分胁迫对燕麦穗颖渗透调节和抗氧化能力的影响[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(10):2 049-2 055.REN P,ZHAO B P,LIU R F,et al.Effects of water stress on osmotic adjustment and antioxidation ability in glume of oat[J].Acta Bot,Boreat,-Occident,Sin,2014,34(10):2 049-2 055.
[20]王智威,牟思维,闫丽丽,等.水分胁迫对春播玉米苗期生长及其生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,(2):343-351.WANG Z W,MOU S W,YAN L L,et al.Effects of physiological and biochemical characteristics and growth under water stress in seedling of spring maize[J].Acta Bot.Boreat.-Occident.Sin,2013,33(2):343-351.
[21]侯舒婷,张倩,刘思岑,等.黄金香柳对水分胁迫的生长与生理响应.西北植物学报.2014,34(12):2 491-2 499.HOU S T,ZHANG Q,LIU S C,et al.Growth and physiological responses of Melaleuca bracteata cv.‘Revolution Gold’to water stress[J].Acta Bot.Boreat.-Occident.Sin,2014,34(12):2 491-2 499.
[22]那冬晨,任彩琴,柴婷婷,等.华北景天叶片有机渗透调节物质对水分胁迫的响应[J].北方园艺,2011,(17):96-98.NA D C,REN C Q,CHAI T T,et al.The response of organic osmoregulatory substance of Sedum tatarinowii leaves to water stress[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,(17):96-98.
[23]石玉波.遮光与淹水胁迫对白栎生理特征的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2010.
[24]郭春芳,罗玲娜,何水平,等.土壤水分胁迫下茶树部分渗透调节物质的变化[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(28):126-131.GUO C F,LUO L N,HE S P,et al.Changes of several osmotica in tea plant(Camellia sinensis)under soil water stress[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(28):126-131.
[25]王丽.棉花耐涝性适应机理研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.
[2]吴海英,曹昀,国志昌,等.淹水胁迫对虉草幼苗生长和生理的影响[J].广西植物,2017,37(9):1 161-1 167.WU H Y,CAO Y,GUO Z C,et al.Effects of waterlogging stress on growth and physiological characteristics of Phalaris arundinacea seedling[J].Guihaia,2017,37(9):1 161-1 167.
[3]全瑞兰,玉永雄.淹水对紫花苜蓿南北方品种抗氧化酶和无氧呼吸酶的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(5):84-90.QUAN R L,YU Y X.Effect of waterlogging on antioxidant and anaerobic respiratory enzymesin Medicago sativa varieties from southern and northen China[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(5):84-90.
[4]高桐梅,吴寅,李丰,等.苗期水分胁迫对芝麻生长和生理特性的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(11):2 229-2 235.GAO T M,WU Y,LI F,et al.Effects of water stress on physiological characteristics and growth under water stress in seedling of sesame[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(11):2 229-2 235.
[5]王淑英,姜小凤,苏敏,等.水分胁迫对春小麦光合和渗透调节物质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2013,33(2):364-367.WANG S Y,JIANG X F,SU M,et al.Effect of water stress on photosynthetic parameters and osmotic regulation substances of spring wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2013,33(2):364-367.
[6]MURATA T,ENDO Y,MIYASE T,et al.Iridoid glycoside constituents of Stachys lanata[J].Journal Natural Products,2008,71(10):1 768-1 770.
[7]付彦彦,周清,司哺春,等.逐渐干旱对绵毛水苏光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2011,(2):79-81.FU Y Y,ZHOU Q,SI B C,et al.Effects of gradual drought on photosynthesis characteristics of the Stachyslanata[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,(2):79-81.
[8]周清,汪照,樊荣,等.水分胁迫对绵毛水苏生长及光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2009,(12):160-161.ZHOU Q,WANG Z,FAN R,et al.Effects of water stress on the photosynthesis and growing characteristics in Stachys lanata[J].Northern Horticulture,2009,(12):160-161.
[9]高俊凤.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:228-230;211-218.
[10]曹昀,郑祥,杨阳,等.淹水对灰化苔草幼苗生长及抗氧化物酶活性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3 273-3 278.CAO Y,ZHENG X,YANG Y,et al.Effects of waterlogging on the growth and antioxidant enzyme activity of Carex cinerascens seedling[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(12):3 273-3 278.
[11]袁勇.干旱情景下湿地生态水文演变及综合应对[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.
[12]谢涛,杨志峰.水分胁迫对黄河三角洲河口湿地芦苇光合参数的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(3):562-568.XIE T,YANG Z F.Effects of water stress on Photosynthetic parameters of Phragmites australis in estuarine wetland of Yellow River Delta[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(3):562-568.
[13]刘晓娟.盐涝互作对大果沙枣生理特性的影响[D].济南:山东师范大学,2016.
[14]郭欣欣,李晓锋,朱红芳,等.淹水胁迫对不结球白菜根系生长与呼吸酶活性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(4):793-800.GUO X X,LI X F,ZHU H F,et al.Respiratory metabolism of pakchoi seedings roots under waterlogging stress[J].Acta Bot.Boreal.-Occident.Sin,2015,35(4):793-800.
[15]苏慧敏,何丙辉,蔡兴华,等.水分胁迫对太阳扇扦插苗形态和生理特征的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(10):2 185-2 190.SU H M,HE B H,CAI X H,et al.Effects of water stress on the morphological characteristics of Scaevola aemula cutting seedlings[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(10):2 185-2 190.
[16]张志远,郭巧生,邵清松.淹水胁迫对药用菊花苗期生理生化指标的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2009,34(18):2 285-2 289.ZHANG Z Y,GUO Q S,SHAO Q S.Effects of waterlogging stress on Physiological and biochemical characteristics of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium during seedling stage[J].China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica[J],2009,34(18):2 285-2 289.
[17]杨柳,何正军,赵文吉,等.狭叶红景天幼苗对水分及遮阴的生长及生理生化响应[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4 706-4 714.YANG L,HE Z J,ZHAO W J,et al.Growth,physiological,and biochemical responses of Rhodiola kirilowii seedlings to water and shading[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(14):4 706-4 714.
[18]金雅琴.乌桕实生苗培育及耐盐抗旱生理研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2012.
[19]任鹏,赵宝平,刘瑞芳,等.水分胁迫对燕麦穗颖渗透调节和抗氧化能力的影响[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(10):2 049-2 055.REN P,ZHAO B P,LIU R F,et al.Effects of water stress on osmotic adjustment and antioxidation ability in glume of oat[J].Acta Bot,Boreat,-Occident,Sin,2014,34(10):2 049-2 055.
[20]王智威,牟思维,闫丽丽,等.水分胁迫对春播玉米苗期生长及其生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2013,(2):343-351.WANG Z W,MOU S W,YAN L L,et al.Effects of physiological and biochemical characteristics and growth under water stress in seedling of spring maize[J].Acta Bot.Boreat.-Occident.Sin,2013,33(2):343-351.
[21]侯舒婷,张倩,刘思岑,等.黄金香柳对水分胁迫的生长与生理响应.西北植物学报.2014,34(12):2 491-2 499.HOU S T,ZHANG Q,LIU S C,et al.Growth and physiological responses of Melaleuca bracteata cv.‘Revolution Gold’to water stress[J].Acta Bot.Boreat.-Occident.Sin,2014,34(12):2 491-2 499.
[22]那冬晨,任彩琴,柴婷婷,等.华北景天叶片有机渗透调节物质对水分胁迫的响应[J].北方园艺,2011,(17):96-98.NA D C,REN C Q,CHAI T T,et al.The response of organic osmoregulatory substance of Sedum tatarinowii leaves to water stress[J].Northern Horticulture,2011,(17):96-98.
[23]石玉波.遮光与淹水胁迫对白栎生理特征的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2010.
[24]郭春芳,罗玲娜,何水平,等.土壤水分胁迫下茶树部分渗透调节物质的变化[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(28):126-131.GUO C F,LUO L N,HE S P,et al.Changes of several osmotica in tea plant(Camellia sinensis)under soil water stress[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(28):126-131.
[25]王丽.棉花耐涝性适应机理研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2014.