宁南山区不同玉米生长及产量对密度的响应
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摘要
【目的】为进一步明确宁夏南部黄土高原沟壑区旱地春玉米合理密植增产机理,为干旱半干旱地区玉米高产栽培提供理论与技术支持。【方法】本试验采用随机区组设计的方法,以当地大规模种植的2个玉米品种大丰30和先玉698为试材,设置5个密度梯度,研究种植密度对玉米品种植株的主要农艺性状、干物质积累、产量及产量相关性状等方面的影响。【结果】随着密度的增大,不同玉米品种的植株株高和穗位高逐渐增加。干物质积累随着生育期的推进在逐渐增加,在成熟期2个品种的干物质积累达到了最大值。群体叶面积指数随密度的增大逐渐增加。叶绿素相对含量随着密度的增加呈逐渐下降的趋势。2个品种随着密度的增加穗重、穗粗、行粒数、穗粒重、百粒重、产量等先增加后减小,秃尖率均先减小后增大,2个品种均在6.75万株/hm~2时产量达到最高,比在5.25万株/hm~2时产量增加了73.39%、36.26%。【结论】在本试验条件下,大丰30和先玉698的适宜密度是6.75万株/hm~2。
【Objective】This study aimed to further clarify the mechanism of reasonable dense planting and yield increase of spring maize in dryland of the Loess Plateau in southern Ningxia and provide theoretical and technical support for high-yielding cultivation of maize in arid and semi-arid regions.【Method】In this experiment, a randomized block design method was used, two large-scale maize varieties, Dafeng 30 and Xianyu 698 were used as the test materials, and five density gradients were set to study the planting density of the major agronomic traits of the maize cultivars, including traits, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield-related traits, etc. 【Result】With the increase of the density, plant height and ear height of different maize varieties gradually increased. Dry matter accumulation gradually increased with the advancement of the growing period, and the dry matter accumulation of the two varieties reached a maximum at the ripening stage. The leaf area index of the population increases gradually with the increase of the density. The relative chlorophyll content gradually decreased with the increase of the density. With the increase of the density, the ear weight, ear diameter, grain number per row, grain weight per ear, grain weight per hectare, yield of the two varieties increased first and then decreased, and the baldness rate decreased first and then increased. Both varieties were at the output of 67 500 plants/hm~2, the highest yield was achieved, which was an increase of 73.39 % and 36.26 % over the 52 500 plants/hm~2. 【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment, the suitable density of Dafeng 30 and Xianyu 698 was 67 500 plants/hm~2.
【Objective】This study aimed to further clarify the mechanism of reasonable dense planting and yield increase of spring maize in dryland of the Loess Plateau in southern Ningxia and provide theoretical and technical support for high-yielding cultivation of maize in arid and semi-arid regions.【Method】In this experiment, a randomized block design method was used, two large-scale maize varieties, Dafeng 30 and Xianyu 698 were used as the test materials, and five density gradients were set to study the planting density of the major agronomic traits of the maize cultivars, including traits, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield-related traits, etc. 【Result】With the increase of the density, plant height and ear height of different maize varieties gradually increased. Dry matter accumulation gradually increased with the advancement of the growing period, and the dry matter accumulation of the two varieties reached a maximum at the ripening stage. The leaf area index of the population increases gradually with the increase of the density. The relative chlorophyll content gradually decreased with the increase of the density. With the increase of the density, the ear weight, ear diameter, grain number per row, grain weight per ear, grain weight per hectare, yield of the two varieties increased first and then decreased, and the baldness rate decreased first and then increased. Both varieties were at the output of 67 500 plants/hm~2, the highest yield was achieved, which was an increase of 73.39 % and 36.26 % over the 52 500 plants/hm~2. 【Conclusion】Under the conditions of this experiment, the suitable density of Dafeng 30 and Xianyu 698 was 67 500 plants/hm~2.
引文
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[13]周文伟,李桂芝,李俊杰,等. 不同类型玉米杂交种对密度的反应评价[J]. 玉米科学,2004(S2): 63-65.
[14]任晓菊,张翠红. 不同产量水平玉米杂交种农艺性状的遗传相关与通径分析[J]. 农业科技通讯,2009(11):48-50.
[15]李宁,翟志席,李建民,等. 密度对不同株型的玉米农艺、根系性状及产量的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2008(5):98-102.
[16]王玲,谢德体,刘海隆,等. 玉米叶面积指数的普适增长模型[J]. 西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004(3):303-306.
[17]梁熠,齐华. 高产春玉米种植密度和施肥效应研究[J]. 农业科学研究,2014(1):29-34.
[18]王晓梅,崔坤,宋利润. 不同密度与玉米生长发育及品质相关性的研究[J]. 吉林农业科学,2006(3): 3-6.
[19]李向岭,赵明,李从锋,等. 播期和密度对玉米干物质积累动态的影响及其模型的建立[J]. 作物学报,2010,36(12):2143-2153.
[20]赵士诚,何萍,仇少君,等. 相对SPAD值用于不同品种夏玉米氮肥管理的研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2011(5):1091-1098.
[21]刘武仁,刘凤成,冯艳春,等. 玉米不同密度的生理指标研究[J]. 玉米科学,2004(S2):82-83.
[2]周婷婷,李军,司政邦. 种植密度与品种类型对渭北旱地春玉米产量和光能利用的影响[J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015(11):54-62.
[3]陈传永,侯玉虹,孙锐,等. 密植对不同玉米品种产量性能的影响及其耐密性分析[J]. 作物学报,2010(7):1153-1160.
[4]宋振伟,齐华,张振平,等. 春玉米中单909农艺性状和产量对密植的响应及其在东北不同区域的差异[J]. 作物学报,2012(12):2267-2277.
[5]张明,宋振伟,陈涛,等. 不同春玉米品种干物质生产和子粒灌浆对种植密度的响应[J]. 玉米科学,2015(3): 57-65.
[6]刘伟,吕鹏,苏凯,等. 种植密度对夏玉米产量和源库特性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2010(7):1737-1743.
[7]丰光,李妍妍,景希强,等. 玉米不同种植密度对主要农艺性状和产量的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2011(1):109-111.
[8]杨吉顺,高辉远,刘鹏,等. 种植密度和行距配置对超高产夏玉米群体光合特性的影响[J]. 作物学报,2010(7):1226-1233.
[9]汤彬,李宏志,曹钟洋,等. 不同种植密度对13个玉米品种产量及主要农艺性状的影响[J]. 湖南农业科学,2013(1):17-21.
[10]温日宇,郭耀东,刘建霞,等. 不同密度和种植方式对玉米产量的影响[J]. 山西农业科学,2011(8):814-815.
[11]何海军,王晓娟,寇思荣. 西北旱作区不同种植密度对玉米光合特性和产量的影响[J]. 作物杂志,2017(6): 91-95.
[12]宋振伟,齐华,张振平,等. 春玉米中单909农艺性状和产量对密植的响应及其在东北不同区域的差异[J]. 作物学报,2012,38(12):2267-2277.
[13]周文伟,李桂芝,李俊杰,等. 不同类型玉米杂交种对密度的反应评价[J]. 玉米科学,2004(S2): 63-65.
[14]任晓菊,张翠红. 不同产量水平玉米杂交种农艺性状的遗传相关与通径分析[J]. 农业科技通讯,2009(11):48-50.
[15]李宁,翟志席,李建民,等. 密度对不同株型的玉米农艺、根系性状及产量的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2008(5):98-102.
[16]王玲,谢德体,刘海隆,等. 玉米叶面积指数的普适增长模型[J]. 西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004(3):303-306.
[17]梁熠,齐华. 高产春玉米种植密度和施肥效应研究[J]. 农业科学研究,2014(1):29-34.
[18]王晓梅,崔坤,宋利润. 不同密度与玉米生长发育及品质相关性的研究[J]. 吉林农业科学,2006(3): 3-6.
[19]李向岭,赵明,李从锋,等. 播期和密度对玉米干物质积累动态的影响及其模型的建立[J]. 作物学报,2010,36(12):2143-2153.
[20]赵士诚,何萍,仇少君,等. 相对SPAD值用于不同品种夏玉米氮肥管理的研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2011(5):1091-1098.
[21]刘武仁,刘凤成,冯艳春,等. 玉米不同密度的生理指标研究[J]. 玉米科学,2004(S2):82-83.