不同密度生态基系统内细菌群落组成与草鱼生长的关系
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摘要
为了研究生态基系统中细菌群落组成与草鱼生长的关系,实验按生态基表面积占养殖水体表面积的比值50%、100%、150%(S-50、S-100、S-150),设置3个不同密度的生态基养殖系统。首先测量处理组和对照组的草鱼生长性状,进而利用高通量测序技术分析水体中和生态基上的细菌群落组成,探索生态基系统内细菌群落与草鱼生长的关系。结果显示,S-100和S-150组的草鱼增重率与特定生长率均显著高于S-50和对照组;S-100组的存活率显著高于其他组;S-100和S-150组的饲料转换率均显著低于对照组。细菌群落分析发现:①与水体相比,生态基上γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)比例增加,且该菌在S-100组中显著高于其他组;②水体中细菌主要以黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)、红细菌属(Rhodobacte)、鲸杆菌属(Cetobacterium)和浮霉状菌属(Planctomyces)为主,生态基上不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和金黄杆菌属(Chryseobacterium)占较高比例,并且后3种细菌在S-100组中比例显著高于其他组;③在可鉴定的种水平上,生态基上的细菌主要以产碱假单胞菌(P. alcaligene)和蜡样芽胞杆菌(Bacillus cereu)为主,其中产碱假单胞菌在S-100和S-150组最高。综合草鱼生长性状、细菌群落组成及生态基生产成本分析发现,生态基比表面积为100%时效果最佳,即细菌多样性和潜在益生菌比例高,饵料系数最低,草鱼的存活率和增重率最高。
In order to study the relationship between bacterial community composition and Ctenopharyngodon idella growth in the periphyton substrate systems, the ratios of substrate surface area to pool water surface area were set at 50%, 100% and 150%(S-50, S-100 and S-150). Firstly, the growth traits of C. idella in three systems and control groups were measured, and then the high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial community composition in the water and the substrates, finally, the relationship between bacterial community and C. idella growth in the culture system was explored. The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of C. idella in S-100 and S-150 groups were significantly higher than those in S-50 and control group. The survival rate of S-100 group was significantly higher than other groups. The feed conversion rates of the S-100 and S-150 groups were significantly lower than the control group. Bacterial community analysis demonstrated that 1) the proportion of Gammaproteobacteria increased in the substrates compared with the water,and the bacteria was significantly higher in the S-100 group than the other groups; 2) the bacteria in the water mainly consist of Flavobacterium, Rhodobacte, Cetobacterium and Planctomyces, and in the substrates Acinetobacter, Pseudomona and Chryseobacterium accounted for a high proportion, and the latter three bacteria were significantly higher in the S-100 group than those in the other groups; 3) at the identifiable species level,Pseudomonas alcaligene and Bacillus cereu were mainly in the substrates, and Pseudomonas faecalis was the highest in the S-100 and S-150 groups. Comprehensive analysis of C. idella growth, bacterial community composition and substrate cost, showed that the best effect was the 100% substrate group, in which there were the high bacterial diversity and potential probiotics ratio, the minimum feed coefficient and the highest of C. idella survival rate and weight gain rate. These data from this study provided the scientific data for the practical application of substrates in the aquaculture.
In order to study the relationship between bacterial community composition and Ctenopharyngodon idella growth in the periphyton substrate systems, the ratios of substrate surface area to pool water surface area were set at 50%, 100% and 150%(S-50, S-100 and S-150). Firstly, the growth traits of C. idella in three systems and control groups were measured, and then the high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial community composition in the water and the substrates, finally, the relationship between bacterial community and C. idella growth in the culture system was explored. The results showed that the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of C. idella in S-100 and S-150 groups were significantly higher than those in S-50 and control group. The survival rate of S-100 group was significantly higher than other groups. The feed conversion rates of the S-100 and S-150 groups were significantly lower than the control group. Bacterial community analysis demonstrated that 1) the proportion of Gammaproteobacteria increased in the substrates compared with the water,and the bacteria was significantly higher in the S-100 group than the other groups; 2) the bacteria in the water mainly consist of Flavobacterium, Rhodobacte, Cetobacterium and Planctomyces, and in the substrates Acinetobacter, Pseudomona and Chryseobacterium accounted for a high proportion, and the latter three bacteria were significantly higher in the S-100 group than those in the other groups; 3) at the identifiable species level,Pseudomonas alcaligene and Bacillus cereu were mainly in the substrates, and Pseudomonas faecalis was the highest in the S-100 and S-150 groups. Comprehensive analysis of C. idella growth, bacterial community composition and substrate cost, showed that the best effect was the 100% substrate group, in which there were the high bacterial diversity and potential probiotics ratio, the minimum feed coefficient and the highest of C. idella survival rate and weight gain rate. These data from this study provided the scientific data for the practical application of substrates in the aquaculture.
引文
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[12]周艳红,黎颖治,黄凤莲,等.阿科蔓(AquaMats)生态基+复合微生物原位修复养殖水体中磷的动态[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):1168-1172.Zhou Y H,Li Y Z,Huang F L,et al.Phosphorus dynamics in water in intertidal planting-aquaculture system being restored in-site with Aqua-Mats ecobase and multimicrobial community[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(3):1168-1172(in Chinese).
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[18]Nikrad M P,Cottrell M T,Kirchman D L,et al.Uptake of dissolved organic carbon by gammaproteobacterial subgroups in coastal waters of the west Antarctic peninsula[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2014,80(11):3362-3368.
[19]Besemer K,Peter H,Logue J B,et al.Unraveling assembly of stream biofilm communities[J].The International Society for Microbia Ecology Journal,2012,6(8):1459-1468.
[20]Besemer K,Singer G,H?dl I,et al.Bacterial community composition of stream biofilms in spatially variable-flow environments[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2009,75(22):7189-7195.
[21]McDougald D,Rice S A,Barraud N,et al.Should we stay or should we go:mechanisms and ecological consequences for biofilm dispersal[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2012,10(1):39-50.
[22]蔺凌云,尹文林,潘晓艺,等.自然微生物挂膜处理水产养殖废水的效果及微生物群落分析[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(6):1327-1335.Lin L Y,Yin W L,Pan X Y,et al.The study of natural biofilm formation for nitrogen removal from aquaculture wastewater and analysis on microbial community in biofilm[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(6):1327-1335(in Chinese).
[23]秦艳,李卫芬,余东游.蜡样芽孢杆菌发酵条件的优化[J].饲料工业,2008,29(2):34-37.Qin Y,Li W F,Yu D Y.Optimization of fermentation conditions of Bacillus cereus[J].Feed Industry,2008,29(2):34-37(in Chinese).
[24]刘文亮,许华,唐杨,等.饲料中补充蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)生物膜对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、抗病力及其肠道微生物组成的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(4):87-95.Liu W L,Xu H,Tang Y,et al.The effect of diet with Bacillus cereus biofilm on the growth rate,disease resistance and intestinal microflora of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(4):87-95(in Chinese).
[25]Lalloo R,Ramchuran S,Ramduth D,et al.Isolation and selection of Bacillus spp.as potential biological agents for enhancement of water quality in culture of ornamental fish[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2007,103(5):1471-1479.
[26]史顺玉,刘永定,沈银武.细菌溶藻的初步研究[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(2):219-221.Shi S Y,Liu Y D,Shen Y W.Preliminary research on the algae lyzing characteristics of bacterium(Strain DC23)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2004,28(2):219-221(in Chinese).
[27]马有智,舒妙安.黄鳝产碱假单胞菌的分离与鉴定[J].淡水渔业,2000,30(5):33-34.Ma Y Z,Shu M A.Isolate and identification of Pseudomonas alcaligenes of Monopterus albus[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2000,30(5):33-34(in Chinese).
[28]Xu J,Zeng X H,Jiang N,et al.Pseudomonas alcaligenes infection and mortality in cultured Chinese sturgeon,Acipenser sinensis[J].Aquaculture,2015(446):37-41.
[2]Arnold S J,Coman F E,Jackson C J,et al.Highintensity,zero water-exchange production of juvenile tiger shrimp,Penaeus monodon:an evaluation of artificial substrates and stocking density[J].Aquaculture,2009,293(1-2):42-48.
[3]Azim M E,Wahab M A.Periphyton-based pond polyculture[M]//Azim M E,Verdegem M C J,van Dam A A,et al.Periphyton:Ecology,Exploitation and Management.Cambridge,UK:CABI Publishing,2005:207-222.
[4]Weerasooriya A C,Yi Y.Effects of AquaMats TM on growth of Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)fry in earthen ponds at AIT,Thailand[J].Tropical Agricultural Research,2002,14:72-79.
[5]Arndt R E,Routledge M D,Wagner E J,et al.The use of AquaMats?to enhance growth and improve fin condition among raceway cultured rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss(Walbaum)[J].Aquaculture Research,2002,33(5):359-367.
[6]Santhana Kumar V,Pandey P K,Anand T,et al.Effect of periphyton(aquamat)on water quality,nitrogen budget,microbial ecology,and growth parameters of Litopenaeus vannamei in a semi-intensive culture system[J].Aquaculture,2017,479:240-249.
[7]Yu E M,Xie J,Wang J L,et al.Surface-attached and suspended bacterial community structure as affected by C/N ratios:relationship between bacteria and fish production[J].World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology,2016,32(7):116.
[8]Azim M E,Verdegem M C J,Rahman M M,et al.Evaluation of polyculture of Indian major carps in periphyton-based ponds[J].Aquaculture,2002,213(1-4):131-149.
[9]Garcia F,Romera D M,Sousa N S,et al.The potential of periphyton-based cage culture of Nile tilapia in a Brazilian reservoir[J].Aquaculture,2016,464:229-235.
[10]Garcia F,Sabbag O J,Kimpara J M,et al.Periphytonbased cage culture of Nile tilapia:an interesting model for small-scale farming[J].Aquaculture,2017,479:838-844.
[11]Asaduzzaman M,Wahab M A,Verdegem M C J,et al.C/N ratio control and substrate addition for periphyton development jointly enhance freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii production in ponds[J].Aquaculture,2008,280(1-4):117-123.
[12]周艳红,黎颖治,黄凤莲,等.阿科蔓(AquaMats)生态基+复合微生物原位修复养殖水体中磷的动态[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(3):1168-1172.Zhou Y H,Li Y Z,Huang F L,et al.Phosphorus dynamics in water in intertidal planting-aquaculture system being restored in-site with Aqua-Mats ecobase and multimicrobial community[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2008,27(3):1168-1172(in Chinese).
[13]夏耘,王一飞,郁二蒙,等.生态基对草鱼生长性能、肠道及水体微生物的影响[J].水产学报,2014,38(9):1410-1420.Xia Y,Wang Y F,Yu E M,et al.Effects of ecosubstrates on growth performance,intestine and water bacterial community composition of Ctenopharyngodon idella[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2014,38(9):1410-1420(in Chinese).
[14]Kawai M,Nagao N,Kawasaki N,et al.Improvement of COD removal by controlling the substrate degradability during the anaerobic digestion of recalcitrant wastewater[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2016,181:838-846.
[15]Findlay R H,Watling L.Prediction of benthic impact for salmon net-pens based on the balance of benthic oxygen supply and demand[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,1997,155:147-157.
[16]Asaduzzaman M,Rahman M M,Azim M E,et al.Effects of C/N ratio and substrate addition on natural food communities in freshwater prawn monoculture ponds[J].Aquaculture,2010,306(1-4):127-136.
[17]Cottrell M T,Kirchman D L.Natural assemblages of marine proteobacteria and members of the CytophagaFlavobacter cluster consuming low-and high-molecularweight dissolved organic matter[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2000,66(4):1692-1697.
[18]Nikrad M P,Cottrell M T,Kirchman D L,et al.Uptake of dissolved organic carbon by gammaproteobacterial subgroups in coastal waters of the west Antarctic peninsula[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2014,80(11):3362-3368.
[19]Besemer K,Peter H,Logue J B,et al.Unraveling assembly of stream biofilm communities[J].The International Society for Microbia Ecology Journal,2012,6(8):1459-1468.
[20]Besemer K,Singer G,H?dl I,et al.Bacterial community composition of stream biofilms in spatially variable-flow environments[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2009,75(22):7189-7195.
[21]McDougald D,Rice S A,Barraud N,et al.Should we stay or should we go:mechanisms and ecological consequences for biofilm dispersal[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2012,10(1):39-50.
[22]蔺凌云,尹文林,潘晓艺,等.自然微生物挂膜处理水产养殖废水的效果及微生物群落分析[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(6):1327-1335.Lin L Y,Yin W L,Pan X Y,et al.The study of natural biofilm formation for nitrogen removal from aquaculture wastewater and analysis on microbial community in biofilm[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2017,41(6):1327-1335(in Chinese).
[23]秦艳,李卫芬,余东游.蜡样芽孢杆菌发酵条件的优化[J].饲料工业,2008,29(2):34-37.Qin Y,Li W F,Yu D Y.Optimization of fermentation conditions of Bacillus cereus[J].Feed Industry,2008,29(2):34-37(in Chinese).
[24]刘文亮,许华,唐杨,等.饲料中补充蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)生物膜对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长、抗病力及其肠道微生物组成的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2017,38(4):87-95.Liu W L,Xu H,Tang Y,et al.The effect of diet with Bacillus cereus biofilm on the growth rate,disease resistance and intestinal microflora of Litopenaeus vannamei[J].Progress in Fishery Sciences,2017,38(4):87-95(in Chinese).
[25]Lalloo R,Ramchuran S,Ramduth D,et al.Isolation and selection of Bacillus spp.as potential biological agents for enhancement of water quality in culture of ornamental fish[J].Journal of Applied Microbiology,2007,103(5):1471-1479.
[26]史顺玉,刘永定,沈银武.细菌溶藻的初步研究[J].水生生物学报,2004,28(2):219-221.Shi S Y,Liu Y D,Shen Y W.Preliminary research on the algae lyzing characteristics of bacterium(Strain DC23)[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2004,28(2):219-221(in Chinese).
[27]马有智,舒妙安.黄鳝产碱假单胞菌的分离与鉴定[J].淡水渔业,2000,30(5):33-34.Ma Y Z,Shu M A.Isolate and identification of Pseudomonas alcaligenes of Monopterus albus[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2000,30(5):33-34(in Chinese).
[28]Xu J,Zeng X H,Jiang N,et al.Pseudomonas alcaligenes infection and mortality in cultured Chinese sturgeon,Acipenser sinensis[J].Aquaculture,2015(446):37-41.
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