四川广汉龙居寺中殿建筑墙体结构特征调查研究
|
摘要
为了解广汉龙居寺中殿建筑墙体结构,采用资料查阅与考察走访、红外热成像、X射线成像、探孔探查等综合调查方法查明了墙体结构,在此基础上对墙体基本结构特征及结构安全问题进行了讨论。结果表明:该墙体为编竹夹泥墙结构,中间骨架由"立枋-穿枋-编壁"三个层级组成,外侧墙面依次为草拌泥层、石灰和涂料装饰层,内侧壁画依次为地仗层、白粉层、颜料层或金层。外侧墙面凹凸起伏主要受控于泥层的结构变形。本次工作为我国古建筑中编竹夹泥墙结构特征的首次系统研究,调查结果为龙居寺中殿壁画保护修缮工程中壁画载体结构安全问题的解决提供了科学依据,调查方法也为四川明代重要古建筑中同类墙体的结构特征研究提供了一套可借鉴的系统方法。
In order to understand the wall structure characteristics of middle hall in Longju temple in Guanghan, the investigation was done by the comprehensive methods of information query and field survey, infrared thermal imaging, X ray imaging and prospect hole probe. The result showed that wall structure was mud wall with bamboo skeleton. The middle skeleton was composed with three level elements, these were vertical Fang, horizontal Fang and braided surface. Outside wall in turn was composed with the mud layer with straw, the decorative layer of lime and coating. Inside wall in turn was composed with base plaster layer, white powder ground layer, painting layer and gold layer. The undulation on outside wall surface was caused by structural deformation of mud layer. This was the first systematic study on the structural characteristics of the mud wall with bamboo skeleton in ancient Chinese architecture. The analysis results provided scientific basis for solving the structure problem. The investigation method also provided a new idea to study the structural characteristics of the same type wall.
In order to understand the wall structure characteristics of middle hall in Longju temple in Guanghan, the investigation was done by the comprehensive methods of information query and field survey, infrared thermal imaging, X ray imaging and prospect hole probe. The result showed that wall structure was mud wall with bamboo skeleton. The middle skeleton was composed with three level elements, these were vertical Fang, horizontal Fang and braided surface. Outside wall in turn was composed with the mud layer with straw, the decorative layer of lime and coating. Inside wall in turn was composed with base plaster layer, white powder ground layer, painting layer and gold layer. The undulation on outside wall surface was caused by structural deformation of mud layer. This was the first systematic study on the structural characteristics of the mud wall with bamboo skeleton in ancient Chinese architecture. The analysis results provided scientific basis for solving the structure problem. The investigation method also provided a new idea to study the structural characteristics of the same type wall.
引文
[1]刘显成,杨小晋.宝相遗珍:四川明代佛寺壁画[M].北京:人民美术出版社, 2014.
[2]李相迪,黄英,张培晴,等.红外成像系统及其应用[J].激光与红外, 2014, 44(3):229-234.
[3]史宁昌,王迅,张存林.红外热波成像技术在文物保护修复中的应用[J].中国国家博物馆馆刊, 2017(5):149-157.
[4]丁忠明,吴来明,孔凡公.文物保护科技研究中的X射线照相技术[J].文物保护与考古科学,2006,18(1):38-46.
[5]李鑫.古建筑木构件材质性能与残损检测关键技术研究[D].北京:北京工业大学, 2015.
[6]曾宇.川渝地区民居营造技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2006.
[7]吴樱.巴蜀传统建筑地域特色研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2007.
[8]谢佳艺.川西林盘地区传统民居墙体营造研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 2016.
[9]吴二军,王建永.中国古建筑的结构与受力性能[J].四川建筑科学研究, 2010, 36(4):78-83.
[10]周乾,闫维明,杨小森,等.汶川地震导致的壁画文物震害研害研究——以广元市觉苑寺大雄宝殿壁画为例[J].文物保护与考古科学, 2009, 21(3):1-7.
[11]马德云,宋佳,左勇志,等.古建筑木结构安全性检测鉴定方法综述[J].建筑结构, 2017, 47(S1):983-986.
[2]李相迪,黄英,张培晴,等.红外成像系统及其应用[J].激光与红外, 2014, 44(3):229-234.
[3]史宁昌,王迅,张存林.红外热波成像技术在文物保护修复中的应用[J].中国国家博物馆馆刊, 2017(5):149-157.
[4]丁忠明,吴来明,孔凡公.文物保护科技研究中的X射线照相技术[J].文物保护与考古科学,2006,18(1):38-46.
[5]李鑫.古建筑木构件材质性能与残损检测关键技术研究[D].北京:北京工业大学, 2015.
[6]曾宇.川渝地区民居营造技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2006.
[7]吴樱.巴蜀传统建筑地域特色研究[D].重庆:重庆大学, 2007.
[8]谢佳艺.川西林盘地区传统民居墙体营造研究[D].成都:西南交通大学, 2016.
[9]吴二军,王建永.中国古建筑的结构与受力性能[J].四川建筑科学研究, 2010, 36(4):78-83.
[10]周乾,闫维明,杨小森,等.汶川地震导致的壁画文物震害研害研究——以广元市觉苑寺大雄宝殿壁画为例[J].文物保护与考古科学, 2009, 21(3):1-7.
[11]马德云,宋佳,左勇志,等.古建筑木结构安全性检测鉴定方法综述[J].建筑结构, 2017, 47(S1):983-986.