非洲狮人工哺育的研究
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摘要
以广州动物园出生的1胎2只非洲幼狮为研究对象,进行全人工哺育研究。人工哺育以PetAG KMR作为代乳,40日龄时开始饲喂固体食物。对幼狮1~50日龄的生长发育数据进行采集和分析,结果显示:幼狮在发育早期体重增长较快,雌、雄幼仔50日龄的增重量分别为4 884 g和4 074 g,增重率分别为411.80%和307.24%;21日龄雌、雄体长增长率分别为34.38%、22.22%;尾长增长率为21.43%、26.67%;胸围增长率为20.00%、32.00%。相同日龄的幼仔,雄性个体较雌性的体重大,但雌性幼仔50日龄的总增重量却高于雄性幼仔。研究结果表明,只要适合的代乳,适当的育幼环境,科学的管理,人工哺育非洲狮是切实可行的。人工育幼可作为非洲狮幼仔被遗弃时的最终手段,也是提高非洲狮幼仔成活率,扩大圈养种群的重要技术措施。
In October 2016,two African lions were born in one litter at Guangzhou Zoo and the cubs were then hand-reared. We used Pet Ag KMR Milk Replacer Food Supplement For Cats to replace breast milk and fed the cubs with solid food at 40 days of age. Body weights of the cubs increased rapidly during early development. The weight gains of the female and male cubs at 50 days were 4 884 g and 4 074 g, respectively, and the weight gains from birth were 412% and307%,respectively. At 21 days of age,the weight gains from birth of female and male were 34%and 22%,respectively. Growth from birth of tail length was 21% for the female cub and 27% for the male cub. The increase from birth of chest circumference was 20% for the female and 32% for the male. At the same age,the weight of the male exceeded that of the female,but the 50-day weight gain of the female was greater than that of the male. With suitable milk substitutes,appropriate rearing temperature,and scientific management, hand feeding of African lion is feasible.Hand rearing could be used as the final measure for abandoned lion cubs,and is also an important technical measure to improve the survival rate of the African lion cub and expand the captive population.
In October 2016,two African lions were born in one litter at Guangzhou Zoo and the cubs were then hand-reared. We used Pet Ag KMR Milk Replacer Food Supplement For Cats to replace breast milk and fed the cubs with solid food at 40 days of age. Body weights of the cubs increased rapidly during early development. The weight gains of the female and male cubs at 50 days were 4 884 g and 4 074 g, respectively, and the weight gains from birth were 412% and307%,respectively. At 21 days of age,the weight gains from birth of female and male were 34%and 22%,respectively. Growth from birth of tail length was 21% for the female cub and 27% for the male cub. The increase from birth of chest circumference was 20% for the female and 32% for the male. At the same age,the weight of the male exceeded that of the female,but the 50-day weight gain of the female was greater than that of the male. With suitable milk substitutes,appropriate rearing temperature,and scientific management, hand feeding of African lion is feasible.Hand rearing could be used as the final measure for abandoned lion cubs,and is also an important technical measure to improve the survival rate of the African lion cub and expand the captive population.
引文
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[2]林开雄.华南虎人工育幼研究[J].福建畜牧兽医,2009,31(1):9-10.
[3]郭爱霞,李建春,王林森,等.笼养东北虎的繁殖研究[J].野生动物,2009,30(1):3-6.
[4]张丽霞,卫泽珍,王开朗,等.白化孟加拉虎的人工育幼[J].野生动物,2012,33(6):315-319.
[5]丁爱萍,李德中,袁丽,等.豹的人工育幼[J].野生动物学报,2017,38(1):122-124.
[6]俞锦华.人工育幼对幼猎豹生长发育的影响[J].上海畜牧兽医通讯,2013(1):20-22.
[7]刘兆阳,王星卓,李茂平,等.华南虎的人工育幼[J].野生动物,2012,33(5):251-253,266.
[8]宋照林,王腾占.非洲狮繁殖与人工育幼[J].野生动物,1989,10(1):36-37.
[9]张淑华.人工哺育非洲狮常见病的防治[J],中兽医学杂志,2015(11):86.
[10]Keen C L,Lonnerdal B,Clegg M S,et al.Developmental changes in composition of cats'milk:trace elements,minerals,protein,carbohydrate and fat[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1982,112(9):1763-1769.
[11]Keen C L,Lonnerdal B,Clegg M S,et al.Developmental changes in composition of rat milk:trace elements,minerals,protein,carbohydrate and fat[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1981,111(2):226-236.