低海拔地区(上海)哺乳期大熊猫适应性饲养研究
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摘要
上海作为典型的低海拔地区,气候、环境等条件均与大熊猫栖息地环境存在很大差异。为了让大熊猫更好地适应上海地区环境条件,本文比较研究了上海、四川雅安两地大熊猫食物营养的差异,对哺乳期大熊猫优优、芊芊和思雪在上海地区进行适应性饲养,并通过采食量、排便量和幼仔体重来评估适应性饲养的效果。结果显示:夏、秋季上海野生动物园大熊猫食用的箬竹、早园竹、刚竹、淡竹、金镶玉竹、慈孝竹的总磷含量均显著高于雅安刺黑竹(P <0. 05)。冬、春季上海野生动物园大熊猫食用的箬竹、早园竹、刚竹、淡竹和金镶玉竹的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和总磷含量均显著高于雅安苦竹(P <0. 05);慈孝竹的粗蛋白含量显著低于雅安苦竹(P <0. 05),总磷含量显著高于苦竹(P<0. 05)。全年上海野生动物园窝头的钙、总磷和粗灰分含量均显著低于雅安窝头(P <0. 05)。为此,采用各种竹子混搭方式饲喂大熊猫,并补充适量的钙片、多维,优优、芊芊和思雪3只大熊猫的采食量和排便量不断增加,所产幼仔的180 d体重与雅安研究中心相似状况大熊猫所产幼仔的180 d体重差异不显著(P> 0. 05)。表明上海所采用的低海拔地区哺乳期大熊猫适应性饲养方案是有效的。
As a typical low elevation area,climate and environment at Shanghai are quite different from those of wild giant panda habitat. In order to make the giant pandas better adapt to the environmental conditions at Shanghai,the difference of food and nutrition between Ya'an of Sichuan Province and Shanghai were investigated. The adaptive feeding of three female giant pandas in lactation period( You You,Qian Qian and Si Xue) were studied,and the effect of adaptive feeding was evaluated through feed intake,defecation and weight of young offspring. In summer and autumn, the total phosphorus content of Indocalamus tessellatus, Phyllostachys propinqua,P. viridis,P. glauca,P. aureosulcata cv. Spectabilis and Bambusa multiplexis in Shanghai Wild Animal Park were significantly higher than that of Ya'an Chimonobambusa purpurea( P < 0. 05). In winter and spring,the crude protein,crude fat and total phosphorus content of Indocalamus tessellatus,P. propinqua, P. viridis, P. glauca, P. aureosulcata cv. Spectabilis in Shanghai Wild Animal Park were significantly higher than that of Ya'an Pleioblastus amarus( Keng)( P < 0. 05).The crude protein content of Bambusa multiplex was significantly lower than that of Ya'an P. amarus( P <0. 05),and the total phosphorus content was significantly higher than that of Ya'an P. amarus( P <0. 05). The calcium,total phosphorus and crude ash content of wotou in Shanghai Wild Animal Park were significantly lower than that of Ya'an wotou throughout the year( P < 0. 05). Many formulae for bamboo mix and match methods are used to feed giant pandas,and appropriate amounts of calcium tablets and multivitamins are added. The intake of three giant pandas( You You,Qian Qian and Si Xue) and the amount of defecation are increasing. The 180-day weights of the Shanghai cubs were similar to those of the giant panda produced at Ya'an research center in Sichuan( P > 0. 05). This result indicates that the adaptive feeding program of giant panda in lactation period was effective in Shanghai.
As a typical low elevation area,climate and environment at Shanghai are quite different from those of wild giant panda habitat. In order to make the giant pandas better adapt to the environmental conditions at Shanghai,the difference of food and nutrition between Ya'an of Sichuan Province and Shanghai were investigated. The adaptive feeding of three female giant pandas in lactation period( You You,Qian Qian and Si Xue) were studied,and the effect of adaptive feeding was evaluated through feed intake,defecation and weight of young offspring. In summer and autumn, the total phosphorus content of Indocalamus tessellatus, Phyllostachys propinqua,P. viridis,P. glauca,P. aureosulcata cv. Spectabilis and Bambusa multiplexis in Shanghai Wild Animal Park were significantly higher than that of Ya'an Chimonobambusa purpurea( P < 0. 05). In winter and spring,the crude protein,crude fat and total phosphorus content of Indocalamus tessellatus,P. propinqua, P. viridis, P. glauca, P. aureosulcata cv. Spectabilis in Shanghai Wild Animal Park were significantly higher than that of Ya'an Pleioblastus amarus( Keng)( P < 0. 05).The crude protein content of Bambusa multiplex was significantly lower than that of Ya'an P. amarus( P <0. 05),and the total phosphorus content was significantly higher than that of Ya'an P. amarus( P <0. 05). The calcium,total phosphorus and crude ash content of wotou in Shanghai Wild Animal Park were significantly lower than that of Ya'an wotou throughout the year( P < 0. 05). Many formulae for bamboo mix and match methods are used to feed giant pandas,and appropriate amounts of calcium tablets and multivitamins are added. The intake of three giant pandas( You You,Qian Qian and Si Xue) and the amount of defecation are increasing. The 180-day weights of the Shanghai cubs were similar to those of the giant panda produced at Ya'an research center in Sichuan( P > 0. 05). This result indicates that the adaptive feeding program of giant panda in lactation period was effective in Shanghai.
引文
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[8]廖婷婷.圈养成年雌性大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)体况评分标准与营养需要参考范围的制定[D].南充:西华师范大学,2016.
[9]袁施彬,屈元元,张泽钧,等.圈养大熊猫食谱组成与营养成分分析[J].兽类学报,2015,35(1):65-73.
[10]李明喜,黄祥明,王成东,等.圈养大熊猫常用竹笋营养研究[J].野生动物学报,2018,39(1):12-18.
[11]杜有顺.武汉动物园大熊猫饲养管理与疾病防治研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.
[2]刘定震,张贵权,魏荣平,等.圈养繁育大熊猫幼仔生长发育规律的研究[J].北京师范大学学报:自然科学版,2001,37(3):396-401.
[3]张安居,何光昕,叶志勇,等.大熊猫的人工饲养[J].四川动物,1985,4(1):43-44.
[4]北京动物园.大熊猫的疾病与防治[J].动物学报,1974,20(2):154-161.
[5]魏荣平,张和民,张贵权,等.卧龙大熊猫产后饲养管理[J].四川动物,1997,16(3):133-135.
[6]北京动物园.大熊猫的人工饲养[J].动物学报,1974,20(2):148-153.
[7]郭伟,姚明达,吴登虎,等.高龄大熊猫繁殖的饲养研究[J].四川动物,2007,26(1):91-93.
[8]廖婷婷.圈养成年雌性大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)体况评分标准与营养需要参考范围的制定[D].南充:西华师范大学,2016.
[9]袁施彬,屈元元,张泽钧,等.圈养大熊猫食谱组成与营养成分分析[J].兽类学报,2015,35(1):65-73.
[10]李明喜,黄祥明,王成东,等.圈养大熊猫常用竹笋营养研究[J].野生动物学报,2018,39(1):12-18.
[11]杜有顺.武汉动物园大熊猫饲养管理与疾病防治研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008.