农牧交错带土地利用方式对土壤养分的影响——以内蒙古四子王旗为例
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摘要
研究以内蒙古四子王旗为例,通过野外调查采样及室内分析,探究了农牧交错带草地、林地、耕地3种土地利用方式下土壤养分含量状况。应用主成分分析法进行土壤养分综合评价,并与1982年第二次土壤普查土壤养分含量状况进行比较。结果表明:草地和林地土壤有机质含量均值分别为21.22 g/kg和23.14 g/kg,显著高于耕地,并且土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量均值也都高于耕地。整体来看耕地土壤养分含量等级水平低于草地和林地;通过主成分分析得出:土壤养分综合得分林地>草地>耕地;与1982年相比,2017年草地、耕地有机质含量分别增加了104.0%和21.6%,各土地利用方式下土壤养分含量均有所恢复,且草地土壤养分恢复程度大于耕地。据此,对于内蒙古四子王旗农牧交错带,加大林地和草地的保护及耕地的管理是维持土壤可持续发展的较好选择。
The study used field investigation and chemical analysis to explore soil nutrient contents under grassland,woodland and cultivated land in the farming-pastoral ecotone in Siziwang banner,Inner Mongolia. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the soil nutrient contents,and the results were compared with soil nutrient contents determined in the Second Soil Survey in 1982. Average of soil organic matter content in grassland and woodland was 21.22 g/kg and 23.14 g/kg,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of cultivated land. Furthermore,the average values of total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available potassium were also higher than for cultivated land. Overall,the soil nutrient content level of cultivated land was lower than that of grassland and woodland. Principal component analysis showed that soil nutrients under the different land use types followed a ranking of woodland >grassland >cultivated land. Compared with 1982,the organic matter content of grassland and cultivated land had increased by 104.0% and 21.6% respectively in 2017. Thus,although soil nutrient content was restored under each type of land use,the degree of restoration in grassland was better than that of cultivated land. According to the above results,increasing the protection of woodland and grassland,and the management of cultivated land are better choices for maintaining the soil sustainable development in the Farming-pastoral ecotone which in Siziwang banner,Inner Mongolia.
The study used field investigation and chemical analysis to explore soil nutrient contents under grassland,woodland and cultivated land in the farming-pastoral ecotone in Siziwang banner,Inner Mongolia. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the soil nutrient contents,and the results were compared with soil nutrient contents determined in the Second Soil Survey in 1982. Average of soil organic matter content in grassland and woodland was 21.22 g/kg and 23.14 g/kg,respectively,which was significantly higher than that of cultivated land. Furthermore,the average values of total nitrogen,available nitrogen and available potassium were also higher than for cultivated land. Overall,the soil nutrient content level of cultivated land was lower than that of grassland and woodland. Principal component analysis showed that soil nutrients under the different land use types followed a ranking of woodland >grassland >cultivated land. Compared with 1982,the organic matter content of grassland and cultivated land had increased by 104.0% and 21.6% respectively in 2017. Thus,although soil nutrient content was restored under each type of land use,the degree of restoration in grassland was better than that of cultivated land. According to the above results,increasing the protection of woodland and grassland,and the management of cultivated land are better choices for maintaining the soil sustainable development in the Farming-pastoral ecotone which in Siziwang banner,Inner Mongolia.
引文
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[2]刘守赞,郭胜利,白岩.黄土高原沟壑区梁坡地土壤有机碳质量分数与土地利用方式的响应[J].浙江林学院学报,2005(5):490-494.
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[7]王秀华,谢志英,黄立文,等.基于GIS的西双版纳州耕地土壤养分时空变化分析[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,29(5):727-733.
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[11]黄安,杨联安,杜挺,等.基于主成分分析的土壤养分综合评价[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(5):819-825.
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[14]陈超,杨丰,赵丽丽,等.贵州省不同土地利用方式对土壤理化性质及其有效性的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(5):1002-1013.
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[17]焦燕,赵江红,徐柱.农牧交错带开垦年限对土壤理化特性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(5):1965-1970.
[18]高吉喜,段飞舟,香宝.主成分分析在农田土壤环境评价中的应用[J].地理研究,2006(5):836-842.
[19]赵月玲,林玉玲,曹丽英,等.基于主成分分析和聚类分析的土壤养分特性研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2013,34(4):484-488.
[20]郭笃发,王秋兵.主成分分析法对土壤养分与小麦产量关系的研究[J].土壤学报,2005(3):523-527.
[21]敖登高娃.脆弱草原带土地利用对土壤质量的影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017:41-44.
[22]李慧芳,杨虎德,郑隆举.基于GIS技术的土壤养分时空变异研究[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(2):77-80.
[23]姚振飞,王少华,吴匡勤.昆山市土壤养分现状与变化趋势研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2013,30(5):36-38.
[2]刘守赞,郭胜利,白岩.黄土高原沟壑区梁坡地土壤有机碳质量分数与土地利用方式的响应[J].浙江林学院学报,2005(5):490-494.
[3]刘许光,布仁,运向军,等.内蒙古土地放垦政策的演变及环境影响[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(1):117-119.
[4]陈春瑜,和树庄,胡斌,等.土地利用方式对滇池流域土壤养分时空分布的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(10):2677-2684.
[5]马群,赵庚星.集约农区不同土地利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(11):1834-1844.
[6]刘艳,宋同清,蔡德所,等.喀斯特峰丛洼地不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特征[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(6):1561-1568.
[7]王秀华,谢志英,黄立文,等.基于GIS的西双版纳州耕地土壤养分时空变化分析[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,29(5):727-733.
[8]王洪杰,史学正.李宪文,等.小流域尺度土壤养分的空间分布特征及其与土地利用的关系[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1):15-18.
[9]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[10]宋勤飞,牛素贞,陈正武,等.基于主成分分析的花溪古茶树立地土壤养分评价[J].浙江农业学报,2017,29(11):1844-1853.
[11]黄安,杨联安,杜挺,等.基于主成分分析的土壤养分综合评价[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(5):819-825.
[12]许联芳,王克林,朱捍华,等.桂西北喀斯特移民区土地利用方式对土壤养分的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1013-1018.
[13]廖洪凯,龙健,李娟.土地利用方式对喀斯特山区土壤养分及有机碳活性组分的影响[J].自然资源学报,2012,27(12):2081-2090.
[14]陈超,杨丰,赵丽丽,等.贵州省不同土地利用方式对土壤理化性质及其有效性的影响[J].草地学报,2014,22(5):1002-1013.
[15]刘任涛,赵哈林.科尔沁沙地土地利用变化对土壤特性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2010,19(9):2079-2084.
[16]赵瑞芬,张一弓,张强,等.不同土地利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响———以太原市为例[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(14):262-266.
[17]焦燕,赵江红,徐柱.农牧交错带开垦年限对土壤理化特性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(5):1965-1970.
[18]高吉喜,段飞舟,香宝.主成分分析在农田土壤环境评价中的应用[J].地理研究,2006(5):836-842.
[19]赵月玲,林玉玲,曹丽英,等.基于主成分分析和聚类分析的土壤养分特性研究[J].华南农业大学学报,2013,34(4):484-488.
[20]郭笃发,王秋兵.主成分分析法对土壤养分与小麦产量关系的研究[J].土壤学报,2005(3):523-527.
[21]敖登高娃.脆弱草原带土地利用对土壤质量的影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017:41-44.
[22]李慧芳,杨虎德,郑隆举.基于GIS技术的土壤养分时空变异研究[J].北方农业学报,2016,44(2):77-80.
[23]姚振飞,王少华,吴匡勤.昆山市土壤养分现状与变化趋势研究[J].农业资源与环境学报,2013,30(5):36-38.