基于生长发育毒性终点的国内外部分水体中全氟辛烷磺酸盐生态风险评价
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摘要
全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)作为新型持久性有机污染物受到了人们的广泛关注,目前国内外水环境中均不同程度检出了PFOS.本研究综述了部分淡水水体中PFOS的污染现状,基于生存、生物化学、繁殖和生长发育毒性终点构建了物种敏感度分布(SSD)曲线.由生长发育毒性终点推导的HC_5值为0.085μg·L~(-1),远小于由其他毒性终点推导的HC5值.基于生长发育毒性终点数据,运用联合概率曲线法评估了国内外部分水体中PFOS的生态风险.结果表明,调查水体中PFOS生态风险均处于可接受水平.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate( PFOS),as a new persistent organic pollutant,has attracted public attention,and it was detected in major water environment in domestic and abroad in recent years. The pollution status of PFOS in the part of freshwater bodies was reviewed,the Species Sensitivity Distributions( SSD) were generated based on the endpoints of survival,biochemistry,reproduction and growth and development. The HC_5 derived from growth and development toxicity was 0.085 μg·L~(-1),which was significantly less than those derived from other endpoints. Further,an assessment of ecological risks posed by PFOS to aquatic organisms in surface waters of different countries was conducted based on the growth and development fitness by the method of joint probability curves( JPC). The results show that PFOS posed negligible ecological risk to freshwater investigated.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate( PFOS),as a new persistent organic pollutant,has attracted public attention,and it was detected in major water environment in domestic and abroad in recent years. The pollution status of PFOS in the part of freshwater bodies was reviewed,the Species Sensitivity Distributions( SSD) were generated based on the endpoints of survival,biochemistry,reproduction and growth and development. The HC_5 derived from growth and development toxicity was 0.085 μg·L~(-1),which was significantly less than those derived from other endpoints. Further,an assessment of ecological risks posed by PFOS to aquatic organisms in surface waters of different countries was conducted based on the growth and development fitness by the method of joint probability curves( JPC). The results show that PFOS posed negligible ecological risk to freshwater investigated.
引文
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[46]Hagenaars A,Knapen D,Meyer I J,et al.Toxicity evaluation of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)in the liver of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2008,88(3):155-163.
[47]BOTS J,BRUYN L D,SNIJKERS T,et al.Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)adversely affects the life-cycle of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158:901-905.
[48]MACDONALD M M,WAME A L,STOCK N L,et al.Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid to Chironomus tentans[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2004,23:2116-2123.
[49]MARTIN J W,MABURY S A,SLOLMON K R,et al.Bioconcen-tration and tissue distribution of perfluorinated acids in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2003,22(1):196-204.
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[2]PREVEDOUROS K.,COUSINS I T,BUCK R C,et al.Sources,Fate and Transport of Perfluorocarboxylates[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2006,40(1):32-44.
[3]GUO R,ZHOU Q,CAI Y,et al.Determination of perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid in sewage sludge samples using liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J].Talanta,2008,75,(5):1394-1399.
[4]YU J,HU J,TANAKA S,et al.Perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA)in sewage treatment plants[J].Water research,2009,43(9):2399-2408.
[5]GIESY J P,NAILE J E,KHIM J S,et al.Aquatic toxicology of perfluorinated chemicals[J].Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2010,202:1-52.
[6]CALAFAT A M,NEEDHAML L,KUKIENYIK Z,et al.Perfluorinated chemicals in selected residents of the American continent[J].Chemosphere,2006,63(4):490-496.
[7]NAILE J E,KHIM J S,WANG T Y,et al.Perfluorinated compounds in water,sediment,soil and biota from estuarine and coastal areas of Korea[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(5):1237-1244.
[8]BOUDREAU T M,SIBLEY P K,MABURY S A,et al.Laboratory evaluation of the toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)on Selenastrum capricornutum,Chlorella vulgaris,Lemna gibba,Daphnia magna,and Daphnia pulicaria[J].Environmental Contamination Toxicology,2003,44(3):307-313.
[9]WU X L,HUANG Q H,FANG C,et al.PFOS in-duced precocious hatching of Oryzias melastigma-from molecular level to individual level[J].Chemosphere,2012,87(7):703-708.
[10]REN D K,SU H Q,LIU F Y,et al.Developmental toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)and its substitutes to amphibian tadpoles[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2012,7(5):561-564.
[11]CHEN W F,ZHAO Q S,YIN D Q.Treatment with PFOS causes point mutations in zebrafish embryos genome[J].Environmental Chemistry,2009,28(2):215-219.
[12]FANG C,WU X L,HUANG Q H,et al.PFOS elicits transcriptional responses of the ER,AHR and PPAR pathways in Oryzias melastigma in a stage-specific manner[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2012,106/107(15):9-19.
[13]REN Y,SCHLAGER H,MARTIN D.The application of TD/GC/NICI-MS with an Al2O3-PLOT-S Column for the determination of perfluoroalkylcycloalkanes in the atmosphere[J].Chromatographia,2014,77(3/4):309-316.
[14]BOONE J S,GUAN B,VIGO C,et al.A method for the analysis of perfluorinated compounds in environmental and drinking waters and the determination of their lowest concentration minimal reporting levels[J].Journal of Chromatography A,2014,1345:68-77.
[15]ZHAO L X,ZHU L Y,YANG L P,et al.Distribution and desorption of perfluorinated compounds in fractionated sediments[J].Chemosphere,2012,88(11):1390-1397.
[16]曹莹,张亚辉,闫振广,等.PFOS和PFOA的水生生物基准探讨及对中国部分水体生态风险的初步评估[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(7):1188-1194.CAO Y,ZHANG Y H,YAN Z G,et al.Development of Aquatic Life Criteria for PFOS and PFOA and Preliminary Assessment for the Ecological Risk of Some Water Bodies in China[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2016,25(7):1188-1194(in Chinese).
[17]曹莹,张亚辉,闫振广,等.典型全氟化合物PFOS/PFOA的生态风险及控制对策[J].环境工程技术学报,2017,7(1):96-101.CAO Y,ZHANG Y H,YAN Z G,et al.Ecological risks and control measures of typical perfluorinated compounds PFOS/PFOA[J].Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology,2017,7(1):96-101(in Chinese).
[18]王印,王军军,秦宁,等.应用物种敏感性分布评估DDT和林丹对淡水生物的生态风险[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(11):2407-2414.WANG Y,WANG J J,QIN N,et al.Assessing ecological risks of DDT and lindane to freshwater organisms by species sensitivity distributions[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(11):2407-2414(in Chinese).
[19]VAN S N M.Threshold models for species sensitivity distributions applied to aquatic risk assessment for zinc[J].Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology,2002,11:167-172.
[20]WHEELER J R,GRIST E P M,LEUNG K M Y,et al.Species sensitivity distributions:data and model choice[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,45:192-202.
[21]FENG C L,WU F C,DYER S D,et al.Derivation of freshwater quality criteria for zinc using interspecies correlation estimation models to protect aquatic life in China[J].Chemosphere,2013,90(3):1177-1183.
[22]ZHENG L,ZHANG Y Z,YAN Z G,et al.Derivation of predicted no-effect concentration and ecological risk for atrazine better based on reproductive fitness[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,142:464-470.
[23]GIESY J P,SOLOMON K R,COATS J R,et al.Chlorpyrifos:ecological risk assessment in North American aquatic environments[J].Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology,1999,160:1-129.
[24]JIN X W,WANG Y Y,JIN W,et al.Ecological Risk of Nonylphenol in China Surface Waters Based on Reproductive Fitness[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2014,48:1256-1262.
[25]WANG T Y,KHIM J S,CHEN C L,et al.Perfluorinated compounds in surface waters from Northern China:Comparison to level of industrialization[J].Environment International,2012,42:37-46.
[26]WANG P,LU Y L,WANG T Y,et al.Shifts in production of perfluoroalkyl acids affect emissions and concentrations in the environment of the Xiaoqing River Basin,China[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2016,307:55-63.
[27]WANG T Y,CHEN C L,NAILE J E,et al.Perfluorinated Compounds in Water,Sediment and Soil from Guanting Reservoir,China[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2011,87:74-79.
[28]PAN Y Y,SHI Y L,WANG J M,et al.Pilot Investigation of Perfluorinated Compounds in River Water,Sediment,Soil and Fish in Tianjin,China[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2011,87:152-157.
[29]ZHOU Z,SHI Y L,LI W H,et al.Perfluorinated Compounds in Surface Water and Organisms from Baiyangdian Lake in North China:Source Profiles,Bioaccumulation and Potential Risk[J].Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology,2012,89:519-524.
[30]JIN Y H,LIU W,SATO I,et al.PFOS and PFOA in environmental and tap water in China[J].Chemosphere,2009,77(5):605-611.
[31]So M K,MIYAKE Y,YEUNG W Y,et al.Perfluorinated compounds in the Pearl river and Yangtze river of China[J].Chemosphere,2007,68:2085-2095.
[32]LIU B L,ZHANG H,XIE L W,et al.Spatial distribution and partition of perfluoroalkyl acids(PFAAs)in rivers of the Pearl River Delta,southern China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,524:1-7.
[33]陈舒.中国东部地区典型全氟化合物污染地理分布特征及来源辨析[D].武汉:中国地质大学,2016:27-35.CHEN S.Distribution and Source Analysis of Typical Perfluorinated Compounds in the eastern China and the Grand canal[D].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences,2016:27-35(in Chinese).
[34]王懿.持久性全氟化合物典型污染源环境污染特性研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011:51-63.WANG Y.Research on Persistent Perfluorinated Compounds Environmental Contamination Characteristics in Typical Pollution Sources[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2011:51-63(in Chinese).
[35]YU N Y.Occurrence of Perfluoroalkyl Acids Including Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Isomers in Huai River Basin and Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province,China[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2013,47:710-717.
[36]YANG L,ZHU L Y,LIU Z T,et al.Occurrence and partition of perfluorinated compounds in water and sediment from Liao River and Taihu Lake,China[J].Chemosphere,2011,83:806-814.
[37]GUO C S,ZHANG Y,ZHAO X,et al.Distribution,source characterization and inventory of perfluoroalkyl substances in Taihu Lake,China[J].Chemosphere,2015,127:201-207.
[38]张明,唐访良,俞雅雲,等.钱塘江(杭州段)表层水中全氟化合物的残留水平及分布特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(12):4471-4478.ZHANG M,TANG F L,YU Y Y,et al.Residue Concentration and distribution characteristics of perfluorinated compounds in surface water from Qiantang River in Hangzhou Section[J].Environmental Science,2015,36(12):4471-4478(in Chinese).
[39]KONWICK B J,TOMY G T,ISMAIL N,et al.Concentrations and patterns of perfluoroalkyl chemicals in Georgia,USA,surface waters[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2008,27:2011-2018.
[40]BOULANGER B,VARGO J,SCHNOOR J L,et al.Detection of perfluorooctane surfactants in Great Lakes Water[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2004,38(15):4064-4070.
[41]SIMCIK M F.Ratio of Perfluorochemical Concentrations as a tracer of atmospheric deposition to Surface Waters[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2005,39:8678-8683.
[42]NGUYEN P H L,SHIGEO F,SHUHEI T,et al.Contamination of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)and perfluorooctanoate(PFOA)in surface water of the Yodo River Basin(Japan)[J].Desalination,2008,226(1/2/3):338-347.
[43]SACHI T,KURUNTHACHALAM K,YUICHI H,et al.A survey of perfluorooctane sulfonate and related perfluorinated organic compounds in water,fish,birds,and humans from Japan[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2003,37(12):2634-2639.
[44]ROSTKOWSKI P,YAMASHITA N,SO I,et al.Perfluorinated compounds in streams of the Shihwa industrial zone and lake Shihwa,South Korea[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2006,25(9):2374-2380.
[45]SOLLA S R,SILVA A O D,LETCHER R J.Highly elevated levels of perfluorooctane sulfonate and other perfluorinated acids found in Biota and surface water downstream of an international airport,Hamilton,Ontario,Canada[J].Environmental International,2012,39(1):19-26.
[46]Hagenaars A,Knapen D,Meyer I J,et al.Toxicity evaluation of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)in the liver of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2008,88(3):155-163.
[47]BOTS J,BRUYN L D,SNIJKERS T,et al.Exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)adversely affects the life-cycle of the damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158:901-905.
[48]MACDONALD M M,WAME A L,STOCK N L,et al.Toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid to Chironomus tentans[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2004,23:2116-2123.
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