基于珍珠龙胆石斑鱼池塘网箱养殖的生态养殖容量估算
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摘要
为研究黄三角地区珍珠龙胆石斑鱼池塘网箱养殖的适宜密度,并估算池塘生态养殖容量,以体重为400 g的实验鱼为研究对象,在5 m×5 m×1 m浮式网箱中进行了84 d的养殖实验(300、400、500、600尾/箱).结果显示:(1)随着养殖密度的升高,实验鱼的末均重、增重率(WGR)、特异增重率(SGR)、蛋白质沉积率(PDR)均先升后降,400尾/箱和500尾/箱组显著高于其他2组(P <0. 05),但两组之间差异不显著(P> 0. 05);饲料系数(FCR)、单位体重粗蛋白排放量(PDP)先降后升,400尾/箱和500尾/箱组显著低于其他两组(P <0. 05);分别以WGR、SGR、PDP为评价指标,25 m3网箱中珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的最佳密度分别为450、439、453尾/箱.(2)以非离子氨排放标准为评价指标,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的最佳生态养殖容量为2 441～2 611尾/km2.(3)以凯氏氮排放标准为评价指标,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的最佳生态养殖容量为1 406～2 109尾/km2.结合黄三角地区池塘现状,推荐网箱养殖密度为450尾/箱,适宜放置的网箱数量为6～9只/km2(4～6只/亩),生态养殖容量为1 758～2 526尾/km2.
In order to investigate the optimum culture density of hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus(♀) × E.lanceolatu(♂),the experiment is carried out in floated cages( 5 m × 5 m × 1. 2 m) with grade density( 300,400,500,and 600 tails per cage) for 84 days. Based on the results of the trial and the discharged standard of un-ionized ammonia or kjeldahl,the carrying capacity in ponds of Yellow River Delta is assessed. With the increasing of cultural density,the final body weight,weight gain rate( WGR),specific growth rate( SGR),and protein deposition rate are increased firstly and then decrease. 400 tails per cage and 500 tails per cage are significantly better than other cultural densities,while there is no significart difference between them. Feed conversion rate( FCR) and protein discharged per kilo( PDP) decline firstly and then raise,with significant lower values for 400 and 500 tails per cage than for the other two densities. With WGR,SGR and PDR as evaluate indices,optimum culture density in 25m3 cage are 450,439,and 453 tails per cage,respectively. With the discharged standard of un-ionized ammonia as an evaluate index,the optimum culture density of hybrid grouper is 2 441-2 611 tails per km2. With the discharged standard of kjeldahl as an evaluate index,the optimum culture density of hybrid grouper is 1 406-2 109 tails per km2. In associated the current situation of pond in the Yellow River Delta,1 406-2 611 tail per km2 is recommended to culture in this region.
In order to investigate the optimum culture density of hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus(♀) × E.lanceolatu(♂),the experiment is carried out in floated cages( 5 m × 5 m × 1. 2 m) with grade density( 300,400,500,and 600 tails per cage) for 84 days. Based on the results of the trial and the discharged standard of un-ionized ammonia or kjeldahl,the carrying capacity in ponds of Yellow River Delta is assessed. With the increasing of cultural density,the final body weight,weight gain rate( WGR),specific growth rate( SGR),and protein deposition rate are increased firstly and then decrease. 400 tails per cage and 500 tails per cage are significantly better than other cultural densities,while there is no significart difference between them. Feed conversion rate( FCR) and protein discharged per kilo( PDP) decline firstly and then raise,with significant lower values for 400 and 500 tails per cage than for the other two densities. With WGR,SGR and PDR as evaluate indices,optimum culture density in 25m3 cage are 450,439,and 453 tails per cage,respectively. With the discharged standard of un-ionized ammonia as an evaluate index,the optimum culture density of hybrid grouper is 2 441-2 611 tails per km2. With the discharged standard of kjeldahl as an evaluate index,the optimum culture density of hybrid grouper is 1 406-2 109 tails per km2. In associated the current situation of pond in the Yellow River Delta,1 406-2 611 tail per km2 is recommended to culture in this region.
引文
[1]陈超,孔祥迪,李炎璐,等.棕点石斑鱼()×鞍带石斑鱼()杂交子代胚胎及仔稚幼鱼发育的跟踪观察[J].渔业科学进展,2014,35(5):135-144.
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[3]罗国芝,陆雍森.湖泊围栏养殖容量估算[J].环境污染与防治,2007,29(12):949-957.
[4]何流健,迟淑艳,谭北平.石斑鱼的营养需要及饲料原料表观消化率的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2011,32(24):10-15.
[5]美国科学院国家研究委员会.鱼类与甲壳类营养需要[M].麦康森,李鹏,赵建民,译.北京:科学出版社,2015.
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[7]中华人民共和国农业部,SC/T9103—2007海水养殖水排放要求[S].
[8]李学丽,王际英,宋志东,等.酶解豆粕替代鱼粉对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长和主要代谢酶活力的影响[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(5):529-538.
[9]魏佳丽,王际英,宋志东,等.酶解磷虾粉替代鱼粉对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成及血清生化的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2016,37(1):100-110.
[10]丛林梅,王蔚芳,高淳仁,等.配合饲料和冰鲜太平洋玉筋鱼对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长、抗氧化和脂质代谢的影响[J].水产学报,2016,40(9):1398-1407.
[11]黎文辉.珍珠龙胆石斑鱼海水网箱健康养殖技术研究[J].海洋与渔业,2016,264:62-63.
[12]杨超,孙建明,徐哲,等.循环水高密度养殖珍珠龙胆石斑鱼效果研究[J].渔业现代化,2016,43(3):18-22.
[13]彭士明,施兆鸿,孙鹏,等.养殖密度对银鲳幼鱼生长及组织生化指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(7):1371-1376.
[14]张曦文,吴垠,贺茹靖,等.循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对青石斑鱼生长及生理指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(6):518-522.
[15]董双林,李德尚,潘克厚.论海水养殖的养殖容量[J].青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版),1998,28(2):253-258.
[16]边蔚,胡晓波,田在锋,等.白洋淀水产养殖容量研究[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,31(1):79-84,112.
[17]卢振彬,杜琦,蔡海清,等.福建罗源湾贝类的养殖容量[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(2):104-110.
[18]方建光,匡世焕,孙慧玲,等.桑沟湾栉孔扇贝养殖容量的研究[J].海洋水产研究,1996,17(2):18-31.
[19] FURUYA K. Environmental carrying capacity in an aquaculture ground of seaweeds and shellfish in Sanriku coast[J].Bulletin of Fisheries Research Agency,2004(Supplement):65-69.
[20] BYRON C J,LINK J S,COSTA-PIERCE B,et al.Modeling ecological carrying capacity of shellfish aquaculture in highly flushed temperate lagoons[J]. Aquaculture,2011,314(1):87-99.
[21] BYRON C J,LINK J S,COSTA-PIERCE B,et al. Calculating ecological carrying capacity of shellfish aquaculture using mass-balance modeling:Narragansett Bay,Rhode Island[J]. Ecological Modelling,2011,222(10):1743-1755.
[22] GRANT J,CURRAN K J,GUYONDET T L,et al A box model of carrying capacity for suspended mussel aquaculture in Lagune de la Grande-Entrée,Iles-de-la-Madeleine,Québec[J]. Ecological Modelling,2007,200(1):193-206.
[23]MIDDLETON J,LUICK J,CHARLES J. Carrying capacity for finfish aquaculture,Part II—Rapid assessment using hydrodynamic and semi-analytic solutions[J]. Aquacultural Engineering,2014,62:66-78.
[24]刘剑昭,李德尚,董双林.关于水产养殖容量的研究[J].海洋科学,2000,24(10):13,28-29.
[25]张韦,马丹,李兆千,等.滨海型盐碱地池塘养殖容量优化技术[J].中国水产,2012,3:68-69.
[26]李长松,房斌,王慧,等.贝类养殖容量研究进展[J].上海海洋大学学报,2007,16(5):478-482.
[27]金刚,李钟杰,谢平.草型湖泊河蟹养殖容量初探[J].水生生物学报,2003,27(4):345-351.
[28]王光辉.海水养殖污染控制对策研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[29]李秀辰,张国琛,聂丹丹,等.水产养殖固体废弃物减量化与资源化利用[J].水产科学,2007,26(5):300-302.
[30]赵清,张珞平.海水养殖自身污染的定量化研究[J].海洋环境科学,2004,23(3):77-80.
[31]葛长宇.浅海鱼类网箱养殖的关键生态过程及容量评价[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2006.
[32]张皓.三都湾海水网箱养殖调查及养殖容量研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2008.
[33]刘兴国.池塘养殖污染与生态工程化调控技术研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[34] CAI H W,SUN Y L. Management of marine cage aquaculture. Environmental carrying capacity method based on dry feed conversion rate[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2007,14(7):463-469.
[35]郭泽雄,郑冠雄,沈铭辉,等.珍珠龙胆石斑鱼高位池无公害养殖技术研究[J].科学养鱼,2014,7:42-43.
[36] MIDDLETON J,DOUBELL M. Carrying capacity for finfish aquaculture. Part I—Near-field semi-analytic solutions[J]. Aquacultural Engineering,2014,62:54-65.
[2]刘剑昭.对虾池封闭式综合养殖的容量和效果[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2000.
[3]罗国芝,陆雍森.湖泊围栏养殖容量估算[J].环境污染与防治,2007,29(12):949-957.
[4]何流健,迟淑艳,谭北平.石斑鱼的营养需要及饲料原料表观消化率的研究进展[J].饲料工业,2011,32(24):10-15.
[5]美国科学院国家研究委员会.鱼类与甲壳类营养需要[M].麦康森,李鹏,赵建民,译.北京:科学出版社,2015.
[6]国家环境保护局,GB11067—1989渔业水质标准[S].
[7]中华人民共和国农业部,SC/T9103—2007海水养殖水排放要求[S].
[8]李学丽,王际英,宋志东,等.酶解豆粕替代鱼粉对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长和主要代谢酶活力的影响[J].海洋渔业,2017,39(5):529-538.
[9]魏佳丽,王际英,宋志东,等.酶解磷虾粉替代鱼粉对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、体组成及血清生化的影响[J].渔业科学进展,2016,37(1):100-110.
[10]丛林梅,王蔚芳,高淳仁,等.配合饲料和冰鲜太平洋玉筋鱼对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长、抗氧化和脂质代谢的影响[J].水产学报,2016,40(9):1398-1407.
[11]黎文辉.珍珠龙胆石斑鱼海水网箱健康养殖技术研究[J].海洋与渔业,2016,264:62-63.
[12]杨超,孙建明,徐哲,等.循环水高密度养殖珍珠龙胆石斑鱼效果研究[J].渔业现代化,2016,43(3):18-22.
[13]彭士明,施兆鸿,孙鹏,等.养殖密度对银鲳幼鱼生长及组织生化指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(7):1371-1376.
[14]张曦文,吴垠,贺茹靖,等.循环水养殖模式下养殖密度对青石斑鱼生长及生理指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2012,27(6):518-522.
[15]董双林,李德尚,潘克厚.论海水养殖的养殖容量[J].青岛海洋大学学报(自然科学版),1998,28(2):253-258.
[16]边蔚,胡晓波,田在锋,等.白洋淀水产养殖容量研究[J].河北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,31(1):79-84,112.
[17]卢振彬,杜琦,蔡海清,等.福建罗源湾贝类的养殖容量[J].中国水产科学,2004,11(2):104-110.
[18]方建光,匡世焕,孙慧玲,等.桑沟湾栉孔扇贝养殖容量的研究[J].海洋水产研究,1996,17(2):18-31.
[19] FURUYA K. Environmental carrying capacity in an aquaculture ground of seaweeds and shellfish in Sanriku coast[J].Bulletin of Fisheries Research Agency,2004(Supplement):65-69.
[20] BYRON C J,LINK J S,COSTA-PIERCE B,et al.Modeling ecological carrying capacity of shellfish aquaculture in highly flushed temperate lagoons[J]. Aquaculture,2011,314(1):87-99.
[21] BYRON C J,LINK J S,COSTA-PIERCE B,et al. Calculating ecological carrying capacity of shellfish aquaculture using mass-balance modeling:Narragansett Bay,Rhode Island[J]. Ecological Modelling,2011,222(10):1743-1755.
[22] GRANT J,CURRAN K J,GUYONDET T L,et al A box model of carrying capacity for suspended mussel aquaculture in Lagune de la Grande-Entrée,Iles-de-la-Madeleine,Québec[J]. Ecological Modelling,2007,200(1):193-206.
[23]MIDDLETON J,LUICK J,CHARLES J. Carrying capacity for finfish aquaculture,Part II—Rapid assessment using hydrodynamic and semi-analytic solutions[J]. Aquacultural Engineering,2014,62:66-78.
[24]刘剑昭,李德尚,董双林.关于水产养殖容量的研究[J].海洋科学,2000,24(10):13,28-29.
[25]张韦,马丹,李兆千,等.滨海型盐碱地池塘养殖容量优化技术[J].中国水产,2012,3:68-69.
[26]李长松,房斌,王慧,等.贝类养殖容量研究进展[J].上海海洋大学学报,2007,16(5):478-482.
[27]金刚,李钟杰,谢平.草型湖泊河蟹养殖容量初探[J].水生生物学报,2003,27(4):345-351.
[28]王光辉.海水养殖污染控制对策研究[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2008.
[29]李秀辰,张国琛,聂丹丹,等.水产养殖固体废弃物减量化与资源化利用[J].水产科学,2007,26(5):300-302.
[30]赵清,张珞平.海水养殖自身污染的定量化研究[J].海洋环境科学,2004,23(3):77-80.
[31]葛长宇.浅海鱼类网箱养殖的关键生态过程及容量评价[D].青岛:中国科学院海洋研究所,2006.
[32]张皓.三都湾海水网箱养殖调查及养殖容量研究[D].厦门:厦门大学,2008.
[33]刘兴国.池塘养殖污染与生态工程化调控技术研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[34] CAI H W,SUN Y L. Management of marine cage aquaculture. Environmental carrying capacity method based on dry feed conversion rate[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2007,14(7):463-469.
[35]郭泽雄,郑冠雄,沈铭辉,等.珍珠龙胆石斑鱼高位池无公害养殖技术研究[J].科学养鱼,2014,7:42-43.
[36] MIDDLETON J,DOUBELL M. Carrying capacity for finfish aquaculture. Part I—Near-field semi-analytic solutions[J]. Aquacultural Engineering,2014,62:54-65.
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