考虑材料失效准则的吸能装置失效行为与碰撞特性
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摘要
在对广义增量应力状态相关损伤模型(GISSMO)失效准则5个基本特性分析的基础上,以DP800为基础材料,从应变场分布、失效单元应力三轴度和应力-应变关系3个方面验证GISSMO失效准则在仿真过程中预测各向同性韧性材料失效的准确性;在此基础上,以挤压式与压溃式2种机车车辆常用吸能装置为研究对象,对比不考虑失效、考虑V-M应变失效准则,考虑GISSMO失效准则条件下,2种吸能装置的失效行为与碰撞特性。研究结果表明:GISSMO失效准则在描述各向同性韧性材料失效行为方面具有较大的优势;吸能装置在轴向碰撞过程中的应力三轴度处于不断变化中,采用考虑应力三轴度的GISSMO失效准则使得仿真结果更准确;针对压溃式吸能装置,在材料断裂应变较小时,采用GISSMO失效准则的仿真计算中结构压溃过程会出现大面积撕裂等失效行为,降低结构的碰撞力和吸能量,在此类吸能装置设计的材料选择中应选择断裂应变较大的材料。
By analyzing the five basic characteristics of the failure criterion of general incremental stress state dependent damage model(GISSMO), DP800 was selected as the basic material, and the accuracy of GISSMO for predicting isotropic ductile material failure behavior during simulation application was verified through three aspects, including strain distribution, the stress triaxiality of failure element and the relationship between stress and strain. Furthermore, the failure behavior and collision characteristics of squeezing and crushing energy-absorbing structures commonly used in the rolling stocks were simulated and compared in conditions of no failure criteria, V-M strain failure criterion and GISSMO failure criterion. The results show that the GISSMO failure criterion has great advantages in describing the failure behavior of isotropic ductile materials. The stress triaxiality of the energy-absorbing structure is constantly changing in the process of axial collision, and the simulation with GISSMO failure criterion, which takes the stress triaxiality into consideration, produces more accurate results. For crushing energy-absorbing structure, when the fracture strain of the material is small, adopting GISSMO failure criterion will cause a large-area failure behavior of the structure and reduction of the collision force and energy absorption. In the design of energy-absorbing structure, a material with a larger fracture strain should be selected.
By analyzing the five basic characteristics of the failure criterion of general incremental stress state dependent damage model(GISSMO), DP800 was selected as the basic material, and the accuracy of GISSMO for predicting isotropic ductile material failure behavior during simulation application was verified through three aspects, including strain distribution, the stress triaxiality of failure element and the relationship between stress and strain. Furthermore, the failure behavior and collision characteristics of squeezing and crushing energy-absorbing structures commonly used in the rolling stocks were simulated and compared in conditions of no failure criteria, V-M strain failure criterion and GISSMO failure criterion. The results show that the GISSMO failure criterion has great advantages in describing the failure behavior of isotropic ductile materials. The stress triaxiality of the energy-absorbing structure is constantly changing in the process of axial collision, and the simulation with GISSMO failure criterion, which takes the stress triaxiality into consideration, produces more accurate results. For crushing energy-absorbing structure, when the fracture strain of the material is small, adopting GISSMO failure criterion will cause a large-area failure behavior of the structure and reduction of the collision force and energy absorption. In the design of energy-absorbing structure, a material with a larger fracture strain should be selected.
引文
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[18]庄华晔,田雨苗,赖兴华.金属板材不同应力状态断裂试验及断裂模型建立[J].汽车工艺与材料,2016(11):43-47.ZHUANG Huaye,TIAN Yumiao,LAI Xinghua.Fracture test and fracture model establishment of sheet metal under different stress states[J].Automobile Technology and Material,2016(11):43-47.
[19]赖兴华,王磊,李洁,等.铝型材防撞梁的碰撞断裂失效表征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2017,57(5):504-510.LAI Xinghua,WANG Lei,LI Jie,et al.Characterization of the fracture of an aluminum alloy anticollision-beam to impact loading[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2017,57(5):504-510.
[20]蔡恒君,胡靖帆,宋仁伯,等.800MPa级冷轧双相钢的动态变形行为及本构模型[J].工程科学学报,2016,38(2):213-222.CAI Hengjun,HU Jingfan,SONG Renbo,et al.Constitutive model and dynamic deformation behavior of 800 MPa grade cold-rolled dual phase steel[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2016,38(2):213-222.
[2]雷成,肖守讷,罗世辉,等.轨道车辆耐碰撞性研究进展[J].铁道学报,2013,35(1):31-40.LEI Cheng,XIAO Shoune,LUO Shihui,et al.State-of-the-art research development of rail vehicles crashworthiness[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2013,35(1):31-40.
[3]赵华,吴英龙,王萌.汽车碰撞仿真研究进展[J].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2012,17(4):27-33.ZHAO Hua,WU Yinglong,WANG Meng.The status quo of FEM simulation on vehicle collision[J].Journal of Harbin University of Science and Technology,2012,17(4):27-33.
[4]赵效东.海洋工程结构物碰撞失效准则研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学船舶工程学院,2010:27-69.ZHAO Xiaodong.Research of failure criterion of offshore structural collision[D].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University.School of Naval Architecture,2010:27-69.
[5]刘敬喜,崔濛,龚榆峰.船舶碰撞仿真失效准则比较[J].中国舰船研究,2015,10(4):79-85.LIU Jingxi,CUI Meng,GONG Yufeng.A comparative study of failure criteria in ship collision simulations[J].Chinese Journal of Ship Research,2015,10(4):79-85.
[6]张志强,李华峰,张咏鸥,等.失效准则在船舶碰撞破坏中的应用研究[J].舰船科学技术,2017,39(1):56-62.ZHANG Zhiqiang,LI Huafeng,ZHANG Yongou,et al.An application research on failure criteria of collision damage in ship structures[J].Ship Science and Technology,2017,39(1):56-62.
[7]陈继恩.基于应力三轴度的材料失效研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院,2012:62-63.CHEN Jien.Research of material failure basic on stress triaxiality[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology.School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,2012:62-63.
[8]NEUKAMM F,FEUCHT M,ROLL K,et al.On closing the constitutive gap between forming and crash simulation[C]//Proceedings of the 10th International LS-DYNA Users Conference.Detroit,USA:Livermore Software Technology Corp,2008:21-31.
[9]NEUKAMM F,FEUCHT M,HAUFE A.Considering damage history in crashworthiness simulations[C]//Proceedings of the7th European LS-DYNA Users Conference.Salzburg,Austria:DYNAmore GmbH,2009:1-9.
[10]HAUFE A,FEUCHT M,NEUKAMM F.The challenge to predict material failure in crashworthiness applications:simulation of producibility to serviceability[C]//Predictive Modeling of Dynamic Processes.Boston,USA:Springer,2009:67-88.
[11]FEUCHT M,NEUKAMM F,HAUFE A.A phenomenological damage model to predict material failure in crashworthiness applications[C]//Recent Developments and Innovative Applications in Computational Mechanics.Berlin,Germany:Springer,2011:143-153.
[12]EFFELSBERG J,HAUFE A,FEUCHT M,et al.On parameter identification for the GISSMO damage model[C]//Proceedings of the 12th International LS-DYNA Users Conference.Detroit,USA,2012:1-10.
[13]HAUFE A,ANDRADE F,FEUCHT M,et al.The forming-to-crash simulation process chain:new challenges and efficient modeling techniques[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference of New Developments in Sheet Metal Forming.Fellbach,Germany,2014:1-5.
[14]ANDRADE F,FEUCHT M,HAUFE A.On the prediction of material failure in LS-DYNA:a comparison between GISSMOand DIEM[C]//Proceedings of the 13th International LS-DYNAUsers Conference.Detroit,USA,2014:1-10.
[15]ANDRADE F X C,FEUCHT M,HAUFE A,et al.An incremental stress state dependent damage model for ductile failure prediction[J].International Journal of Fracture,2016,200(1/2):1-24.
[16]H?RLING D.Parameter identification of GISSMO damage model for DOCOL 1200M:A study on crash simulation for high strength steel sheet components[D].Karlstad,Sweden:Karlstad University.Faculty of Health,Science and Technology,2015:1-33.
[17]CHALAVADI S K.Parameter identification of GISSMO damage model for DOCOL 900M high strength steel alloy:Usage of a general damage model coupled with material modeling in LS-DYNA for Advanced high strength steel crashworthiness simulations[D].Trolatan,Sweden:University West.Department of Engineering Science,2017:1-12.
[18]庄华晔,田雨苗,赖兴华.金属板材不同应力状态断裂试验及断裂模型建立[J].汽车工艺与材料,2016(11):43-47.ZHUANG Huaye,TIAN Yumiao,LAI Xinghua.Fracture test and fracture model establishment of sheet metal under different stress states[J].Automobile Technology and Material,2016(11):43-47.
[19]赖兴华,王磊,李洁,等.铝型材防撞梁的碰撞断裂失效表征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2017,57(5):504-510.LAI Xinghua,WANG Lei,LI Jie,et al.Characterization of the fracture of an aluminum alloy anticollision-beam to impact loading[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2017,57(5):504-510.
[20]蔡恒君,胡靖帆,宋仁伯,等.800MPa级冷轧双相钢的动态变形行为及本构模型[J].工程科学学报,2016,38(2):213-222.CAI Hengjun,HU Jingfan,SONG Renbo,et al.Constitutive model and dynamic deformation behavior of 800 MPa grade cold-rolled dual phase steel[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering,2016,38(2):213-222.