具有特殊地形条件的长距离供水工程水锤防护
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摘要
在长距离供水工程中输水管道一般按地形走势布置。针对一些地形条件特殊的供水工程,本文提出了一种空气罐与出口溢流池联合设置的水锤防护方案,并建立了出口溢流池的数学模型。在空气罐体型一定时,给出了出口溢流池截面积的理论计算公式,有效地减小了在溢流池体型初期选取过程中的盲目性和工作量。结合某长距离输水工程,对比分析了空气罐和出口溢流池联合防护与单纯的空气罐防护对水锤的影响。结果表明空气罐与出口溢流池联合防护方案在前陡后缓的长距离供水工程中能够取得良好的水锤防护效果,且溢流池的溢流水位越高,其对负压的防护效果越好。
In a long-distance water supply project, generally the pipeline is arranged according to topography. In view of certain special topographic conditions, this paper presents a water hammer protection scheme of combining an air vessel with an outlet overflow tank, and develops a mathematical model of the overflow tank. For the air vessel of fixed shapes and sizes, we derive a theoretical formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of the tank, which can effectively reduce the blindness and labor cost in the initial selection of the tank parameters. In a case study of a real long-distance water supply project, we compare the water hammer protection performance of the combination scheme with that of no overflow tank. The results show that the combination scheme is better for long-distance water supply projects pipelines with a steep slope in front and a mild slope behind, and that it achieves a better protective effect against negative pressure if a higher overflow threshold level in the tank is adopted.
In a long-distance water supply project, generally the pipeline is arranged according to topography. In view of certain special topographic conditions, this paper presents a water hammer protection scheme of combining an air vessel with an outlet overflow tank, and develops a mathematical model of the overflow tank. For the air vessel of fixed shapes and sizes, we derive a theoretical formula for calculating the cross-sectional area of the tank, which can effectively reduce the blindness and labor cost in the initial selection of the tank parameters. In a case study of a real long-distance water supply project, we compare the water hammer protection performance of the combination scheme with that of no overflow tank. The results show that the combination scheme is better for long-distance water supply projects pipelines with a steep slope in front and a mild slope behind, and that it achieves a better protective effect against negative pressure if a higher overflow threshold level in the tank is adopted.
引文
[1]水规总院水利规划与战略研究中心.我国跨流域调水工程建设现状、存在问题及对策[R].中国水情分析研究报告,2003.Research Center of the Construction Situation in Planning and Design Institute of China Water Resource.Construction status,problems and countermeasures for inter-basin water transfer project in China[R].The Research Report of Water Regime Analysis in China,2003.(in Chinese)
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[3]舒诗湖,郑小明,戚雷强,等.供水管网水质安全多级保障与漏损控制技术研究与示范[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(6):43-46.SHU Shihu,ZHENG Xiaoming,QI Leiqiang,et al.Research and demonstration of water quality multi-level safeguard and leakage control technologies of water supply network[J].China Water and Wastewater,2017,33(6):43-46.(in Chinese)
[4]张健,黎东洲,结少鹏,等.考虑摩阻的停泵水锤传播公式[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(9):92-97.ZHANG Jian,LI Dongzhou,JIE Shaopeng,et al.Pump failure water hammer propagation formula considering friction in long-distance water supply system[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(9):92-97.(in Chinese)
[5]STOKES Y M,MILLER A,HOCKING G.Pressure drop in pipelines due to pump trip event[J].Anziam Journal,2015,57:163-204.
[6]ZHOU L,WANG H,LIU D Y,et al.A second-order finite volume method for pipe flow with water column separation[J].Journal of Hydro-enviroment Research,2017,17:47-55.
[7]BERGANT A,SIMPSON A R,TIJSSELING A S.Water hammer with column separation:A historical review[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2006;22(2):135-171.
[8]WYLIE E B,STREETER V L,SUO L S.Fluid transients in systems[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall,1993.
[9]MIAO D,ZHANG J,CHENG S,et al.Water hammer suppression for long distance water supply systems by combining the air vessel and valve[J].Journal of Water Supply:Research and Technology-Aqua,2017,66(5):319-326.
[10]童祥,张晓宏,张俊发.调压室阻抗孔尺寸选择的研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2018,29(4):168-171.Doi:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2018.04.28.TONG Xiang,ZHANG Xiaohong,ZHANG Junfa.Research on the size selection of impedance hole of surge chamber for hydropower station[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2018,29(4):168-171.Doi:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2018.04.28.(in Chinese)
[11]张健,索丽生,胡建永,等.长距离供水工程单向塔设置分析[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):49-56.ZHANG Jian,SUO Lisheng,HU Jianyong,et al.Study on water hammer control by one-way surge tank in longdistance water-supply project[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(1):49-56.(in Chinese)
[12]张健,朱雪强,曲兴辉,等.长距离供水工程空气阀设置理论分析[J].水利学报,2011,42(9):1025-1033.ZHANG Jian,ZHU Xueqiang,QU Xinghui,et al.Arrangement of air-valve for water hammer protection in long-distance pipelines[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(9):1025-1033.(in Chinese)
[13]诸葛妃,张健.长距离输水设置超压泄压阀水力过渡过程分析[J].水利水电技术,2010,41(12):35-37.ZHUGE Fei,ZHANG Jian.Analysis on hydraulic transient process of over-pressure relief valve for longdistancewater conveyance facility[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2010,41(12):35-37.(in Chinese)
[14]邓安利,蒋劲,兰岗,等.长距离输水工程停泵水锤的空气罐防护特性[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2015,48(3):402-406.DENG Anli,JIANG Jin,LAN Gang,et al.Research on protective properties of air vessel for pump-stopping water hammer protection of long distance pipelines[J].Engineering Jouranl of Wuhan University,2015,48(3):402-406.(in Chinese)
[15]BESHARAT M,TERESA V M,RAMOS H.Experimental study of air vessel behavior for energy storage or system protection in water hammer events[J].Water,2017,9(63):1-16.
[16]LI D D,JIANG J,ZHAO Z,et al.Research on the water hammer protection of the long distance water supply project with the combined action of the air vessel and over-pressure relief valve[J].IOP Conference Series:Materials Science and Engineering,2013,52:072007.
[17]王丽,吴建华,杨德明,等.辛安泵站供水工程停泵水锤计算与防护研究[J].水电能源科学,2018,36(1):168-171.WANG Li,WU Jianhua,YANG Deming,et al.Study on protection and pump-stopping water hammer calculation of water supply project for Xin’an pump station[J].Water Resources and Power,2018,36(1):168-171.(in Chinese)
[18]蒋劲,李东东,赵卓,等.单向调压塔与空气阀联合设置对停泵水锤防护的研究[C]//第十九次中国水电设备学术讨论会.2013:681-684.JIANG Jin,LI Dongdong,ZHAO Zhuo,et al.Study on the protection of stopping pump water hammer by the combination of one-way surge and air valve[C]//The Nineteenth China Hydropower Equipment Symposium.2013:681-684.(in Chinese)
[19]朱雪强,张健,曹东磊,等.单向调压塔与稳压塔联合设置对水锤的防护研究[J].人民长江,2009,40(11):70-72.ZHU Xueqiang,ZHANG Jian,CAO Donglei,et al.Study on the protection of water hammer by the combination of one-way surge and surge[J].Yangtze River,2009,40(11):70-72.(in Chinese)
[20]SUN Q,WU Y B,XU Y,et al.Optimal sizing of an air vessel in a long-distance water-supply pumping system using the SQP method[J].Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice,2016,7(3):05016001.
[2]ZHANG J,YU X D,AN J F,et al.Polyline closure law design and realization in long-distance water-supply project[C]//Proceedings of the ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress&Exposition,2012:129-134.
[3]舒诗湖,郑小明,戚雷强,等.供水管网水质安全多级保障与漏损控制技术研究与示范[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(6):43-46.SHU Shihu,ZHENG Xiaoming,QI Leiqiang,et al.Research and demonstration of water quality multi-level safeguard and leakage control technologies of water supply network[J].China Water and Wastewater,2017,33(6):43-46.(in Chinese)
[4]张健,黎东洲,结少鹏,等.考虑摩阻的停泵水锤传播公式[J].水力发电学报,2015,34(9):92-97.ZHANG Jian,LI Dongzhou,JIE Shaopeng,et al.Pump failure water hammer propagation formula considering friction in long-distance water supply system[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2015,34(9):92-97.(in Chinese)
[5]STOKES Y M,MILLER A,HOCKING G.Pressure drop in pipelines due to pump trip event[J].Anziam Journal,2015,57:163-204.
[6]ZHOU L,WANG H,LIU D Y,et al.A second-order finite volume method for pipe flow with water column separation[J].Journal of Hydro-enviroment Research,2017,17:47-55.
[7]BERGANT A,SIMPSON A R,TIJSSELING A S.Water hammer with column separation:A historical review[J].Journal of Fluids and Structures,2006;22(2):135-171.
[8]WYLIE E B,STREETER V L,SUO L S.Fluid transients in systems[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice Hall,1993.
[9]MIAO D,ZHANG J,CHENG S,et al.Water hammer suppression for long distance water supply systems by combining the air vessel and valve[J].Journal of Water Supply:Research and Technology-Aqua,2017,66(5):319-326.
[10]童祥,张晓宏,张俊发.调压室阻抗孔尺寸选择的研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2018,29(4):168-171.Doi:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2018.04.28.TONG Xiang,ZHANG Xiaohong,ZHANG Junfa.Research on the size selection of impedance hole of surge chamber for hydropower station[J].Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering,2018,29(4):168-171.Doi:10.11705/j.issn.1672-643X.2018.04.28.(in Chinese)
[11]张健,索丽生,胡建永,等.长距离供水工程单向塔设置分析[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):49-56.ZHANG Jian,SUO Lisheng,HU Jianyong,et al.Study on water hammer control by one-way surge tank in longdistance water-supply project[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(1):49-56.(in Chinese)
[12]张健,朱雪强,曲兴辉,等.长距离供水工程空气阀设置理论分析[J].水利学报,2011,42(9):1025-1033.ZHANG Jian,ZHU Xueqiang,QU Xinghui,et al.Arrangement of air-valve for water hammer protection in long-distance pipelines[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2011,42(9):1025-1033.(in Chinese)
[13]诸葛妃,张健.长距离输水设置超压泄压阀水力过渡过程分析[J].水利水电技术,2010,41(12):35-37.ZHUGE Fei,ZHANG Jian.Analysis on hydraulic transient process of over-pressure relief valve for longdistancewater conveyance facility[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2010,41(12):35-37.(in Chinese)
[14]邓安利,蒋劲,兰岗,等.长距离输水工程停泵水锤的空气罐防护特性[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2015,48(3):402-406.DENG Anli,JIANG Jin,LAN Gang,et al.Research on protective properties of air vessel for pump-stopping water hammer protection of long distance pipelines[J].Engineering Jouranl of Wuhan University,2015,48(3):402-406.(in Chinese)
[15]BESHARAT M,TERESA V M,RAMOS H.Experimental study of air vessel behavior for energy storage or system protection in water hammer events[J].Water,2017,9(63):1-16.
[16]LI D D,JIANG J,ZHAO Z,et al.Research on the water hammer protection of the long distance water supply project with the combined action of the air vessel and over-pressure relief valve[J].IOP Conference Series:Materials Science and Engineering,2013,52:072007.
[17]王丽,吴建华,杨德明,等.辛安泵站供水工程停泵水锤计算与防护研究[J].水电能源科学,2018,36(1):168-171.WANG Li,WU Jianhua,YANG Deming,et al.Study on protection and pump-stopping water hammer calculation of water supply project for Xin’an pump station[J].Water Resources and Power,2018,36(1):168-171.(in Chinese)
[18]蒋劲,李东东,赵卓,等.单向调压塔与空气阀联合设置对停泵水锤防护的研究[C]//第十九次中国水电设备学术讨论会.2013:681-684.JIANG Jin,LI Dongdong,ZHAO Zhuo,et al.Study on the protection of stopping pump water hammer by the combination of one-way surge and air valve[C]//The Nineteenth China Hydropower Equipment Symposium.2013:681-684.(in Chinese)
[19]朱雪强,张健,曹东磊,等.单向调压塔与稳压塔联合设置对水锤的防护研究[J].人民长江,2009,40(11):70-72.ZHU Xueqiang,ZHANG Jian,CAO Donglei,et al.Study on the protection of water hammer by the combination of one-way surge and surge[J].Yangtze River,2009,40(11):70-72.(in Chinese)
[20]SUN Q,WU Y B,XU Y,et al.Optimal sizing of an air vessel in a long-distance water-supply pumping system using the SQP method[J].Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice,2016,7(3):05016001.