古浪河流域大气降水稳定同位素的时空特征及其环境意义
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摘要
依据古浪河流域古浪站(海拔2 085 m)和安远站(海拔2 700 m)所采集的降水样品和相关气象数据,分析了降水稳定同位素的时空变化、局地大气水线,讨论了温度、降水量和相对湿度与降水稳定同位素的关系.结果表明:(1)两站δ18O均呈现出夏秋季高、冬春季低的特征;(2)从古浪到安远站,δ18O的月均值随海拔升高呈下降趋势,相反地,d-excess随海拔升高呈增加趋势,反映了当气团沿着山坡不断抬升时,水汽再循环过程加强;(3)稳定同位素特征表明该区除了受干燥的环境和较强的蒸发影响外,可能还受到局地水汽再循环影响;(4)处于低海拔地区的古浪站的温度效应比安远站更显著,古浪河流域整体上没有呈现出降水量效应.该研究结果有助于进一步深入了解古浪河流域的水循环过程.
Based on the precipitation samples and meteorological data simultaneously collected during individual precipitation events at the Gulang(2 085 m a.s.l.) and Anyuan stations(2 700 m a.s.l.) in Gulang,this article analyzes the temporal variation and local meteroic water lines and discusses the relationship between precipitation stable isotopes and temperature and precipitation and relative humidity.The results show that:(1) Gulang and Anyuan have higher δ~(18)O values in summer and autumn and lower δ~(18)O values in spring and winter,respectively;(2) The vaule of δ~(18)O decreases with increasing altitude,while the value of the d-excess increases,reflecting the gradual depletion of stable isotopes of precipitation when the air mass is rising along the slope;(3) The slope and intercept of the local meteroic water lines deviate from that of the global meteroic water lines,showing that they may also be affected by local water vapor recirculation,except for the dry environment and strong evaporation effect;and(4) The temperature effect of Gulang in the lowaltitude area is more significant than that of the Anyuan station and the Gulang River Basin does not show a precipitation effect.It has been proven that precipitation is not the fundamental factor determining the δ~(18)O of the precipitation in arid areas.The results of this study are helpful to further understand the water circulation mechanism in the Gulang River Basin.
Based on the precipitation samples and meteorological data simultaneously collected during individual precipitation events at the Gulang(2 085 m a.s.l.) and Anyuan stations(2 700 m a.s.l.) in Gulang,this article analyzes the temporal variation and local meteroic water lines and discusses the relationship between precipitation stable isotopes and temperature and precipitation and relative humidity.The results show that:(1) Gulang and Anyuan have higher δ~(18)O values in summer and autumn and lower δ~(18)O values in spring and winter,respectively;(2) The vaule of δ~(18)O decreases with increasing altitude,while the value of the d-excess increases,reflecting the gradual depletion of stable isotopes of precipitation when the air mass is rising along the slope;(3) The slope and intercept of the local meteroic water lines deviate from that of the global meteroic water lines,showing that they may also be affected by local water vapor recirculation,except for the dry environment and strong evaporation effect;and(4) The temperature effect of Gulang in the lowaltitude area is more significant than that of the Anyuan station and the Gulang River Basin does not show a precipitation effect.It has been proven that precipitation is not the fundamental factor determining the δ~(18)O of the precipitation in arid areas.The results of this study are helpful to further understand the water circulation mechanism in the Gulang River Basin.
引文
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[2]田立德,姚檀栋,Stievenard M,et al.中国西部降水中δD的初步研究[J].冰川冻土,1988,20(2):175-179.Tian L D,Yao T D,Stievenard M,et al.A study of hydrogen isotope in precipitation in west China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,1988,20(2):175-179.
[3]冯芳,冯起,刘贤德,等.祁连山排露沟流域降水δ18O和δD特征及水汽来源[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(5):1997-1005.Feng F,Feng Q,Liu X D,et al.Characteristics ofδ18O andδDin precipitation and moisture sources of Pailugou catchment in the Qilian mountains[J].Journal of Desert Research,2017,37(5):1997-1005.
[4]王宁练,张世彪,贺建桥,等.祁连山中段黑河上游山区地表径流水资源主要形成区域的同位素示踪研究[J].科学通报,2009,54(15):2148-2152.Wang N L,Zhang S B,He J Q,et al.Tracing the major source area of the mountainous runoff generation of the Heihe River in northwest China using stable isotope technique[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2009,54(16):2751-2757.
[5]刘小康,饶志国,张肖剑,等.天山地区大气降水氧同位素的影响因素及其对西风环流变化的指示意义[J].地理学报,2015,70(1):97-109.Liu X K,Rao Z G,Zhang X J,et al.Variations in the oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation in the Tianshan Mountains region and their significance for the Westerly circulation[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(1):97-109.
[6]姚檀栋,孙维贞,蒲健辰,等.内陆河流域系统降水中的稳定同位素─乌鲁木齐河流域降水中δ18O与温度关系研究[J].冰川冻土,2000,22(1):15-22.Yao T D,Sun W Z,Pu J C,et al.Characteristics of stable isotope in precipitation in the inland area-a case study of the relation betweenδ18O in precipitation and temperature inürümqi River,China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2000,22(1):15-22.
[7]李小飞,张明军,李亚举,等.西北干旱区降水中δ18O变化特征及其水汽输送[J].环境科学,2012,33(3):711-719.Li X F,Zhang M J,Li Y J,et al.Characteristics ofδ18O in precipitation and moisture transports over the arid region in Northwest China[J].Environmental Science,2012,33(3):711-719.
[8]侯典炯,秦翔,吴锦奎,等.乌鲁木齐大气降水稳定同位素与水汽来源关系研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(10):136-142.Hou D J,Qin X,Wu J K,et al.Characteristics of stable isotopes in precipitation and the water vapor sources in Urumqi[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2011,25(10):136-142.
[9]张应华,许彦卿.黑河流域大气降水水汽来源分析[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(3):403-408.Zhang Y H,Xu Y Q.Precipitation from different water vapor sources in the Heihe River Basin,China[J].Arid Land Geography,2008,31(3):403-408.
[10]张应华,仵彦卿.黑河流域中上游地区降水δ18O变化特征[J].冰川冻土,2007,29(3):440-445.Zhang Y H,Wu Y Q.Characteristics of theδ18O in precipitation in the upper and middle reaches of Heihe River[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2007,29(3):440-445.
[11]吴锦奎,杨淇越,丁永建,等.黑河流域大气降水稳定同位素变化及模拟[J].环境科学,2011,32(7):1857-1866.Wu J K,Yang Q Y,Ding Y J,et al.Variations and simulation of stable isotopes in precipitation in the Heihe River basin[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(7):1857-1866.
[12]王利书,唐泽军.石羊河流域地下水循环的同位素和地球化学演化特征[J].环境科学,2013,33(6):1748-1755.Wang L S,Tang Z J.Isotopic and geochemical evolution characteristics of groundwater circulation in the Shiyang River basin[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2013,33(6):1748-1755.
[13]刘君,郭华良,刘福亮,等.包头地区大气降水δD和δ18O变化特征浅析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(5):157-162.Liu J,Guo H L,Liu L F,et al.The variations of stable isotopes(δD andδ18O)in the precipitation in Baotou area[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(5):157-162.
[14]盛露,刘明春,胡正华,等.石羊河流域气候变化及对作物生育期的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(5):19-27.Sheng L,Liu M C,Hu Z H,et al.Characteristics of climate change and its influence on growth period of crops in Shiyang River basin[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2013,31(5):19-27.
[15]张兰影,庞博,徐宗学,等.古浪河流域气候变化与土地利用变化的水文效应[J].南水北调与水利科技,2014,12(1):42-46.Zhang L Y,Pang B,Xu Z X,et al.Impacts of climate change and LUCC on hydrological processes in the Gulang River Basin[J].South-to-North water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2014,12(1):42-46.
[16]宋献方,柳鉴容,孙晓敏,等.基于CERN的中国大气降水同位素观测网络[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(7):738-747.Song X F,Liu J R,Sun X M,et al.Establishment of Chinese network of isotopes in precipitation(CHNIP)based on CERN[J].Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(7):738-747.
[17]张自超,丁悌平.关于同位素地质测试数据的数据处理及结果表示[J].岩矿测试,2000,19(1):77-79.Zhang Z C,Ding T P.Data processing and expression for analytical results in isotope geology[J].Rock and Mineral Analysis,2000,19(1):77-79.
[18]Li Z X,Gao Y,Wang Y M,et al.Can monsoon moisture arrive in the Qilian Mountains in summer?[J].Quaternary International,2015,358:113-125.
[19]Dansgaard W.Stable isotopes in precipitation[J].Tellus B,1964,16(4):436-468.
[20]Merlivat L,Jouzel J.Global climatic interpretation of the deuterium-oxygen 18 relationship for precipitation[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans,1979,84(C8):5029-5033.
[21]Pang Z H,Kong Y L,Froehlich K,et al.Processes affecting isotopes in precipitation of an arid region[J].Tellus,2011,63(3):352-359.
[22]张应华,仵彦卿.黑河流域中上游地区降水中氢氧同位素研究[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(1):34-39.Zhang Y H,Wu Y Q.Oxygen and Hydrogen isotopes in precipitation in Heihe River basin,China[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2009,31(1):34-39.
[23]王宁练,张世彪,蒲健辰,等.黑河上游河水中δ18O季节变化特征及其影响因素研究[J].冰川冻土,2008,30(6):914-920.Wang N L,Zhang S B,Pu J C,et al.Seasonal variation ofδ18Oin river water in the upper reaches of Heihe River basin and its influence factors[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2008,30(6):914-920.
[24]李永格,李宗省,冯起,等.托来河流域不同海拔降水稳定同位素的环境意义[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2661-2672.Li Y G,Li Z X,Feng Q,et al.Environmental significance of the stable isotopes in precipitation at different altitudes in the Tuolai River Basin[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2661-2672.
[25]Froehlich K,Gibson J J,Aggarwal P.Deuterium excess in precipitation and its climatological significance[A].In:Proceedings of Study of Environmental Change Using Isotope Techniques[C].Vienna,Austria:IAEA,2002.54-66.
[26]郑淑蕙,侯发高,倪葆龄.我国大气降水的氢氧稳定同位素研究[J].科学通报,1983,(13):801-806.Zheng S H,Hou F G,Ni B L.The studies of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes in atmospheric precipitation in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1983,28(13):801-806.
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