太湖西部沉积物磷形态剖面分布和成因分析
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摘要
使用淡水沉积物磷形态的标准测试程序SMT法,分析了太湖西部湖区沉积物中磷的空间分异和成因。结果表明,该湖区沉积物各形态磷含量整体上呈现自表层向下递减的趋势,显示出磷污染在表层聚集的特征;不同采样点沉积物中总磷(TP)含量和各形态磷分布特征存在空间差异,西南湖区由于近期磷污染减少,表层磷含量呈缓慢降低趋势;受盛行风向、湖区位置和周边环境影响,太湖西北部沉积物中磷污染水平整体上高于西南部。西部湖区TP含量为337. 27～1 081. 87 mg·kg~(-1),无机磷(IP)是构成沉积物TP的主要部分,占TP含量的55. 27%～97. 93%;钙结合态磷(Ca-P)是IP的主要组成部分,占IP的44. 14%～89. 30%。TP和IP、IP和Ca-P含量的相关关系最为显著,表明IP含量影响TP含量;TP和Fe/Al-P含量的相关关系显著,表明人类活动产生的外源污染是沉积物中磷污染的主要来源。
The spatial variation and cause of phosphorus fractions in sediment of Western Taihu Lake were examined by the Standards,Measurements,and Testing Program(SMT)method.The results show that all the phosphorus fractions declined with depth,which reveals the enrichment effect of phosphorus pollution in surface sediment. Space diversity of total phosphorus(TP)and phosphorus fractions in sediment of sampling sites observed in Western Taihu Lake. With the reducing of phosphorus pollution,the phosphorus content in water has been decreasing slowly in surface of southwestern area of the lake. The phosphorus pollution levels of the northwest area of the lake were higher than those in southwest areas in the sediments,which is related to the impact of prevailing wind direction,geographical location and surrounding ecosystem condition. The TP content in the lake ranged from 337. 27 to 1 081. 87 mg·kg~(-1) and inorganic phosphorus(IP)was the main component of TP in sediments,accounting for 55. 27% to 97. 93% of TP. IP was dominated by the hydrochloric acid extractable phosphorus(Ca-P)in sediments,accounting for 44. 14% to 89. 30% of IP. Significantly correlations are existing between TP and IP,and IP and Ca-P,which show that TP content is mainly affected by IP content,and IP content is affected by Ca-P content. The correlation between TP and Fe/Al-P was also significant,which reveals that the external pollution caused by human activities is the major source of phosphorus pollution in sediment.
The spatial variation and cause of phosphorus fractions in sediment of Western Taihu Lake were examined by the Standards,Measurements,and Testing Program(SMT)method.The results show that all the phosphorus fractions declined with depth,which reveals the enrichment effect of phosphorus pollution in surface sediment. Space diversity of total phosphorus(TP)and phosphorus fractions in sediment of sampling sites observed in Western Taihu Lake. With the reducing of phosphorus pollution,the phosphorus content in water has been decreasing slowly in surface of southwestern area of the lake. The phosphorus pollution levels of the northwest area of the lake were higher than those in southwest areas in the sediments,which is related to the impact of prevailing wind direction,geographical location and surrounding ecosystem condition. The TP content in the lake ranged from 337. 27 to 1 081. 87 mg·kg~(-1) and inorganic phosphorus(IP)was the main component of TP in sediments,accounting for 55. 27% to 97. 93% of TP. IP was dominated by the hydrochloric acid extractable phosphorus(Ca-P)in sediments,accounting for 44. 14% to 89. 30% of IP. Significantly correlations are existing between TP and IP,and IP and Ca-P,which show that TP content is mainly affected by IP content,and IP content is affected by Ca-P content. The correlation between TP and Fe/Al-P was also significant,which reveals that the external pollution caused by human activities is the major source of phosphorus pollution in sediment.
引文
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[2]虞孝感,JOSEF Nipper,燕乃玲.从国际治湖经验探讨太湖富营养化的治理[J].地理学报,2007,62(9):899-906.[YU Xiao-gan,JOSEF Nipper,YAN Nai-ling. Recommendations of Eutrophication Control of Taihu Lake From an International View[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(9):899-906.]
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[6]余先旭,孙石,朱宝平,等.磷与湖泊富营养化[J].云南环境科学,2005,24(增刊1):36-38,27.[YU Xian-xu,SUN Shi,ZHU Bao-ping,et al. Phosphorus and Eutrophication of Lakes[J]. Yunnan Environmental Science,2005,24(Suppl. 1):36-38,27.]
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[9]袁和忠,沈吉,刘恩峰,等.太湖水体及表层沉积物磷空间分布特征及差异性分析[J].环境科学,2010,31(4):954-960.[YUAN He-zhong,SHEN Ji,LIU En-feng,et al. Space Distribution Characteristics and Diversity Analysis of Phosphorus From Overlying Water and Surface Sediments in Taihu Lake[J]. Environmental Science,2010,31(4):954-960.]
[10]杨洋,刘其根,胡忠军,等.太湖流域沉积物碳氮磷分布与污染评价[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(12):3057-3064.[YANG Yang,LIU Qi-gen,HU Zhong-jun,et al. Spatial Distribution of Sediment Carbon,Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Pollution Evaluation of Sediment in Taihu Lake Basin[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(12):3057-3064.]
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[12]孙文佳,王国祥,李晓君,等.太湖西部入湖河口区表层沉积物磷素分布特征[J].环境工程,2017,35(7):190-194.[SUN Wen-jia,WANG Guo-xiang,LI Xiao-jun,et al. Distribution of Phosphorus Fraction in Surface Sediment at Estuaries of Western Taihu Lake[J]. Environmental Engineering,2017,35(7):190-194.]
[13]邓建才,刘鑫,张洪梅,等.太湖藻类水平漂移特征及其影响因素[J].湖泊科学,2014,26(3):358-364.[DENG Jian-cai,LIU Xin,ZHANG Hong-mei,et al. Characteristics and Impact Factors of Algal Horizontal Drifting in Lake Taihu[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(3):358-364.]
[14]谢红彬,陈雯.太湖流域制造业结构变化对水环境演变的影响分析:以苏锡常地区为例[J].湖泊科学,2002,14(1):53-59.[XIE Hong-bin,CHEN Wen. Impacts of Change of Industrial Structure on the Water Environment in Taihu Basin:A Case Study of Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou District[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2002,14(1):53-59.]
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[16]俞振飞,王国祥,钱君龙,等. SMT法测定沉积物标准样品有机磷形态分析方法探究[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(3):117-122.[YU Zhen-fei,WANG Guo-xiang,QIAN Jun-long,et al. A Research of Characterizing the Organic Phosphorus From Standard Sediment Samples by SMT[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China,2013,29(3):117-122.]
[17]冀峰,王国祥,韩睿明,等.太湖流域农村黑臭河流沉积物中磷形态的垂向分布特征[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(1):55-63.[JI Feng,WANG Guo-xiang,HAN Rui-ming,et al. Vertical Distribution Characteristics of Phosphorus Fractions in the Sediments of a Rural Malodorous Black River in Taihu Lake Area[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(1):55-63.]
[18] WANG S R,JIN X C,ZHAO H C,et al. Phosphorus Fractions and Its Release in the Sediments From the Shallow Lakes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Area in China[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2005,273(1/2/3):109-116.
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[20]龚莹,王宁,李玉成,等.巢湖水体-沉积物磷形态与有效性[J].生态与农村环境学报,2015,31(3):359-365.[GONG Ying,WANG Ning,LI Yu-cheng,et al. Forms and Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Water and Sediments of Lake Chaohu[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2015,31(3):359-365.]
[21]张路,范成新,朱广伟,等.长江中下游湖泊沉积物生物可利用磷分布特征[J].湖泊科学,2006,18(1):36-42.[ZHANG Lu,FAN Cheng-xin,ZHU Guang-wei,et al. Distribution of Bioavailable Phosphorus(BAP)in Lake Sediments of the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,2006,18(1):36-42.]
[22]陈豁然,杨梦兵,王中伟,等.底泥磷形态及分布特征对水体富营养化的影响[J].污染防治技术,2009,22(5):81-83,123.[CHEN Huo-ran,YANG Meng-bing,WANG Zhong-wei,et al. The Effects of Species and Distribution Characterestics of Phosphorus in Sediment to Eutrophication[J]. Pollution Control Technology,2009,22(5):81-83,123.]
[23]杨文斌,唐皓,韩超,等.太湖沉积物铁形态分布特征及磷铁相关性分析[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1145-1156.[YANG Wen-bin,TANG Hao,HAN Chao,et al. Distribution of Iron Forms and Their Correlations Analysis With Phosphorus Forms in the Sedimentary Profiles of Taihu Lake[J]. China Environmental Science,2016,36(4):1145-1156.]
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