考虑集电系统的风电场可靠性评估
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摘要
考虑集电系统的风电场可靠性评估是风电场优化规划的基础,而当前少有研究对其进行定量计算。针对现有评估方法在频率指标计算中的困难和在闭环结构中应用的不足,提出一种基于保护区和等值风机模型的风电场集电系统可靠性建模与评估方法。该方法能有效减少系统故障状态数,对系统进行等效解环、化简,通过全概率公式得到系统停运表与概率、频率指标。采用中国西北某实际风电场为例验证方法的可行性,并分析拓扑结构、开关配置策略、馈线容量和馈线与断路器可靠性等因素对集电系统可靠性的影响。
Reliability evaluation of wind plant considering collector grid is the basis of wind plant planning. Nevertheless,few studies on its quantitative calculation are conducted at present. Aiming at problems in existing methods with difficulty in frequency index calculation and inadequate application on closed-loop structure topology, an approach based on protect zone and equivalent generator models was proposed in this paper. The scale of outage state was decreased and the system was simplified equivalently. The system outage tables,probability and frequency indexes were obtained from the total probability formula. The proposed approach had been verified by the case studies on a wind farm project in the northwest of China. In addition, factors which have effect on the reliability of wind plants were analyzed, including the topology, breaker configuration, feeder line capacity, and reliability of elements.
Reliability evaluation of wind plant considering collector grid is the basis of wind plant planning. Nevertheless,few studies on its quantitative calculation are conducted at present. Aiming at problems in existing methods with difficulty in frequency index calculation and inadequate application on closed-loop structure topology, an approach based on protect zone and equivalent generator models was proposed in this paper. The scale of outage state was decreased and the system was simplified equivalently. The system outage tables,probability and frequency indexes were obtained from the total probability formula. The proposed approach had been verified by the case studies on a wind farm project in the northwest of China. In addition, factors which have effect on the reliability of wind plants were analyzed, including the topology, breaker configuration, feeder line capacity, and reliability of elements.
引文
[1]Camm E H,Behnke M R,Bolado O,et al.Wind power plant collector system design considerations:IEEE PES wind plant collector system design working group[C]//PES General Meeting.Calgary,AB,Canada:IEEE,2009.
[2]Camm E H,Behnke M R,Bolado O,et al.Wind power plant substation and collector system redundancy,reliability,and economics[C]//PES General Meeting.Calgary,AB,Canada:IEEE,2009.
[3]Obeidat F,Xu Lie,Li Yongdong.Simulation of grid connected HVDC offshore wind farm topolgies[C]//IEEE10th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems(PEDS).Kitakyushu,Japan:IEEE,2013:897-902.
[4]王锡凡,王碧阳,王秀丽,等.面向低碳的海上风电系统优化规划研究[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(17):4-13.Wang Xifan,Wang biyang,Wang Xiuli,et al.Study of optimal planning methods for offshore wind power systems oriented low-carbon[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(17):4-13(in Chinese).
[5]王建东,李国杰.考虑电缆故障时海上风电场电气系统开关配置方案的经济性比较与分析[J].电网技术.2010,34(2):125-128.Wang Jiandong,Li Guojie.Economic study on switchgear configuration in electrical systems of offshore wind farms with cable outage[J].Power Systems Technology,2010,34(2):125-128(in Chinese).
[6]陈树勇,戴慧珠,白晓民,等.风电场的发电可靠性模型及其应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(3):27-30.Chen Shuyong,Dai Huizhu,Bai Xiaomin,et al.Reliability model of wind power plants and its application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(3):27-30(in Chinese).
[7]吴林伟,张建华,刘若溪.考虑风电机组故障的风电场可靠性模型及其应用[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(16):31-35.Wu Linwei,Zhang Jianhua,Liu Ruoxi.A wind farm reliability model considering wind turbine faults and its application[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems.2012,36(16):31-35(in Chinese).
[8]吴义纯,丁明,李生虎.风电场对发输电系统可靠性影响的评估[J].电工技术学报.2004,19(11):72-76.Wu Yichun,Ding Ming,Li Shenghu.Reliability assessment of wind farms in generation and transmission systems[J].Transactions of CES,2004,19(11):72-76(in Chinese).
[9]何禹清,彭建春,孙芊.考虑风电能量随机性的配电网可靠性快速评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(13):16-22.He Yuqing,Peng Jianchun,Sun Qian.Fast algorithm for distribution system reliability evaluation considering the random energy output of wind power generators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(13):16-22(in Chinese).
[10]陈璨,吴文传,张伯明,等.基于多场景技术的有源配电网可靠性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(34):67-73.Chen Can,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.An active distribution system reliability evaluation method based on multiple scenarios technique[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(34):67-73(in Chinese).
[11]谢绍宇,王秀丽,曲翀,等.分割多目标风险分析框架下不同风速模拟方法对电力系统可靠性评估的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):81-89.Xie Shaoyu,Wang Xiuli,Qu Chong,et al.Impacts of wind speed simulation methods on adequacy evaluation of power systems in the partitioned multi-objective risk analysis framework[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):81-89(in Chinese).
[12]张宏宇,印永华,申洪,等.大规模风电接入后的系统调峰充裕性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(22):26-31.Zhang Hongyu,Yin Yonghua,Shen Hong,et al.Peak-load regulating adequacy evaluation associated with large-scale wind power integretion[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(22):26-31(in Chinese).
[13]张硕,李庚银,周明.含风电场的发输电系统可靠性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(7):8-14.Zhang Shuo,Li Gengyin,Zhou Ming.Reliability assessment of generation and transmission systems integrated with wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(7):8-14(in Chinese).
[14]梁双,胡学浩,张东霞,等.考虑风速变化特性的风电容量可信度评估方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(10):18-26.Liang Shuang,Hu Xuehao,Zhang Dongxia,et al.Capacity credit evaluation of wind generation considering wind speed variation characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(10):18-26(in Chinese).
[15]李中成,张步涵,段瑶,等.含大规模风电场的电力系统概率可用输电能力快速计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(4):505-513.Li Zhongcheng,Zhang Buhan,Duan Yao,et al.Fast calculation of probabilistic available transfer capability in power systems including large-scale wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(4):505-513(in Chinese).
[16]罗钢,室东源,蔡德福,等.计及相关性的含风电场电力系统概率可用输电能力快速计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(7):1024-1032.Luo Gang,Shi Dongyuan,Cai Defu,et al.Fast calculation of probabilistic available transfer capability considering correlation in wind power integrated systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(7):1024-1032(in Chinese).
[17]Xifan W,Pottle C.A concise frequency and duration approach to generating system reliability studies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1983,PAS-102(8):2521-2530.
[18]王锡凡.电力系统优化规划[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990:109.Wang Xifan.Optimal power system planning[M].Beijing:Electric Power Press,1990:109(in Chinese).
[19]谭任深,杨苹,贺鹏,等.考虑电气故障和开关配置方案的海上风电场集电系统可靠性及灵敏度研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2264-2270.Tan Renshen,Yang Ping,He Peng,et al.Analysis on reliability and sensitivity of collection system of offshore wind farms considering electrical faults and switchgear configurations[J].Power System Technology.2013,37(8):2264-2270(in Chinese).
[20]Je-Seok S,Jin-O K,Seung T C,et al.Reliability evaluation considering structures of a large scale wind farm[C]//Power Electronics and Applications(EPE).Lille,France,2013.
[21]王钤,杨苹,赵卓立,等.基于链形拓扑的海上风电场集电系统可靠性评估[J].可再生能源,2014,32(10):1463-1467.Wang Qian,Yang Ping,Zhao Zhuoli,et al.Reliability evaluation of power collection system for offshore wind farm based on chain topology[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2014,32(10):1463-1467(in Chinese).
[22]Negra N B,Holmstrom O,Bak-Jensen B,et al.Aspects of relevance in offshore wind farm reliability assessment[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):159-166.
[23]曹娜,赵海翔,任普春,等.风电场动态分析中风速模型的建立及应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(36):68-72.Cao Na,Zhao Haixiang,Ren Puchun,et al.Establish and application of wind speed model in wind farm dynamic analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(36):68-72(in Chinese).
[2]Camm E H,Behnke M R,Bolado O,et al.Wind power plant substation and collector system redundancy,reliability,and economics[C]//PES General Meeting.Calgary,AB,Canada:IEEE,2009.
[3]Obeidat F,Xu Lie,Li Yongdong.Simulation of grid connected HVDC offshore wind farm topolgies[C]//IEEE10th International Conference on Power Electronics and Drive Systems(PEDS).Kitakyushu,Japan:IEEE,2013:897-902.
[4]王锡凡,王碧阳,王秀丽,等.面向低碳的海上风电系统优化规划研究[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(17):4-13.Wang Xifan,Wang biyang,Wang Xiuli,et al.Study of optimal planning methods for offshore wind power systems oriented low-carbon[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(17):4-13(in Chinese).
[5]王建东,李国杰.考虑电缆故障时海上风电场电气系统开关配置方案的经济性比较与分析[J].电网技术.2010,34(2):125-128.Wang Jiandong,Li Guojie.Economic study on switchgear configuration in electrical systems of offshore wind farms with cable outage[J].Power Systems Technology,2010,34(2):125-128(in Chinese).
[6]陈树勇,戴慧珠,白晓民,等.风电场的发电可靠性模型及其应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(3):27-30.Chen Shuyong,Dai Huizhu,Bai Xiaomin,et al.Reliability model of wind power plants and its application[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(3):27-30(in Chinese).
[7]吴林伟,张建华,刘若溪.考虑风电机组故障的风电场可靠性模型及其应用[J].电力系统自动化,2012,36(16):31-35.Wu Linwei,Zhang Jianhua,Liu Ruoxi.A wind farm reliability model considering wind turbine faults and its application[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems.2012,36(16):31-35(in Chinese).
[8]吴义纯,丁明,李生虎.风电场对发输电系统可靠性影响的评估[J].电工技术学报.2004,19(11):72-76.Wu Yichun,Ding Ming,Li Shenghu.Reliability assessment of wind farms in generation and transmission systems[J].Transactions of CES,2004,19(11):72-76(in Chinese).
[9]何禹清,彭建春,孙芊.考虑风电能量随机性的配电网可靠性快速评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(13):16-22.He Yuqing,Peng Jianchun,Sun Qian.Fast algorithm for distribution system reliability evaluation considering the random energy output of wind power generators[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(13):16-22(in Chinese).
[10]陈璨,吴文传,张伯明,等.基于多场景技术的有源配电网可靠性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(34):67-73.Chen Can,Wu Wenchuan,Zhang Boming,et al.An active distribution system reliability evaluation method based on multiple scenarios technique[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(34):67-73(in Chinese).
[11]谢绍宇,王秀丽,曲翀,等.分割多目标风险分析框架下不同风速模拟方法对电力系统可靠性评估的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):81-89.Xie Shaoyu,Wang Xiuli,Qu Chong,et al.Impacts of wind speed simulation methods on adequacy evaluation of power systems in the partitioned multi-objective risk analysis framework[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):81-89(in Chinese).
[12]张宏宇,印永华,申洪,等.大规模风电接入后的系统调峰充裕性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(22):26-31.Zhang Hongyu,Yin Yonghua,Shen Hong,et al.Peak-load regulating adequacy evaluation associated with large-scale wind power integretion[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(22):26-31(in Chinese).
[13]张硕,李庚银,周明.含风电场的发输电系统可靠性评估[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(7):8-14.Zhang Shuo,Li Gengyin,Zhou Ming.Reliability assessment of generation and transmission systems integrated with wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(7):8-14(in Chinese).
[14]梁双,胡学浩,张东霞,等.考虑风速变化特性的风电容量可信度评估方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(10):18-26.Liang Shuang,Hu Xuehao,Zhang Dongxia,et al.Capacity credit evaluation of wind generation considering wind speed variation characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(10):18-26(in Chinese).
[15]李中成,张步涵,段瑶,等.含大规模风电场的电力系统概率可用输电能力快速计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(4):505-513.Li Zhongcheng,Zhang Buhan,Duan Yao,et al.Fast calculation of probabilistic available transfer capability in power systems including large-scale wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(4):505-513(in Chinese).
[16]罗钢,室东源,蔡德福,等.计及相关性的含风电场电力系统概率可用输电能力快速计算[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(7):1024-1032.Luo Gang,Shi Dongyuan,Cai Defu,et al.Fast calculation of probabilistic available transfer capability considering correlation in wind power integrated systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(7):1024-1032(in Chinese).
[17]Xifan W,Pottle C.A concise frequency and duration approach to generating system reliability studies[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems,1983,PAS-102(8):2521-2530.
[18]王锡凡.电力系统优化规划[M].北京:水利电力出版社,1990:109.Wang Xifan.Optimal power system planning[M].Beijing:Electric Power Press,1990:109(in Chinese).
[19]谭任深,杨苹,贺鹏,等.考虑电气故障和开关配置方案的海上风电场集电系统可靠性及灵敏度研究[J].电网技术,2013,37(8):2264-2270.Tan Renshen,Yang Ping,He Peng,et al.Analysis on reliability and sensitivity of collection system of offshore wind farms considering electrical faults and switchgear configurations[J].Power System Technology.2013,37(8):2264-2270(in Chinese).
[20]Je-Seok S,Jin-O K,Seung T C,et al.Reliability evaluation considering structures of a large scale wind farm[C]//Power Electronics and Applications(EPE).Lille,France,2013.
[21]王钤,杨苹,赵卓立,等.基于链形拓扑的海上风电场集电系统可靠性评估[J].可再生能源,2014,32(10):1463-1467.Wang Qian,Yang Ping,Zhao Zhuoli,et al.Reliability evaluation of power collection system for offshore wind farm based on chain topology[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2014,32(10):1463-1467(in Chinese).
[22]Negra N B,Holmstrom O,Bak-Jensen B,et al.Aspects of relevance in offshore wind farm reliability assessment[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(1):159-166.
[23]曹娜,赵海翔,任普春,等.风电场动态分析中风速模型的建立及应用[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(36):68-72.Cao Na,Zhao Haixiang,Ren Puchun,et al.Establish and application of wind speed model in wind farm dynamic analysis[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2007,27(36):68-72(in Chinese).