辽河盆地古近系水下喷发粗面岩相模式及其储层意义
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摘要
以辽河盆地东部凹陷古近系水下喷发粗面岩为例,研究粗面岩岩相分类、相序与相模式,分析其优质储层控制因素与分布规律;通过单井相分析和连井岩相对比,将粗面岩划分为5相11亚相,建立粗面岩火山机构的相模式。结果表明:火山口—近火山口相带以侵出相发育为标志,过渡相带以爆发相火山碎屑流亚相为主,边缘相带主要由爆发相空落亚相和火山沉积相构成,纵向相序以爆发相→侵出相、火山通道相→侵出相两类为主,自中心向边缘的平面相序为火山通道相与侵出相→溢流相与爆发相→火山沉积相;水-岩浆反应产生的淬火和爆发作用是水下喷发粗面岩岩相空间分布和储层有效性的关键影响因素;与角砾状粗面岩类的岩石组构相关的粒内溶孔和残余粒间孔-填隙物溶孔构成有效孔隙的主体,粒内斑晶溶孔和基质溶孔对储集性能贡献最大,合计占53. 2%,构造裂缝对渗透性能起控制作用;侵出相外带亚相、爆发相火山碎屑流亚相和火山通道相火山颈亚相是粗面岩发育的3类优质储层,其平均孔隙度大于10. 3%,渗透率大于0. 35×10~(-3)μm~2,应作为粗面岩油气藏勘探的首要目标。
The Paleogene trachytes in the Eastern Sag of Liaohe Basin were dominantly erupted and emplaced in subaqueous settings. Borehole data and seismic profiles were used to study the facies classification,sequence and architecture of these trachytic rocks,and to reveal the distribution of high-quality reservoirs and their controlling factors. Five principal volcanic facies and eleven sub-facies can be identified in the trachytic successions by means of facies analysis on both boreholes and cross-sections. A representative facies model was proposed for volcanic facies analysis and prediction,which reveals three volcanic facies associations corresponded to the proximity to volcanic conduit. Respectively,the central-proximal facies association is dominated by extrusive lava rocks,while the medial facies association is characterized by pyroclastic flow deposits,and the distal facies association is composed of water-settled fall deposits and volcaniclastic deposits. Two vertical facies sequences from bottom to top are explosive to extrusive facies and volcanic conduit to extrusive facies,respectively. Lateral facies sequence from volcanic center to edge can be described as the volcanic conduit and extrusive facies combination,the effusive and explosive facies combination,and the volcaniclastic facies. Quenching fragmentation and volcanic explosion resulted from mingling of magma and water are considered to be the key influencing factors to the characteristics of volcanic facies and reservoirs of subaqueous trachytes in the study area. Intra-particle dissolution pores,residual inter-particle pores and the related inter-particle cement dissolution pores are proven to be the most important valid porosities in trachytic reservoirs. The intra-particle phenocrystal and matrix dissolution pores,especially,make the major contribution to reserve capacities which account for 53. 2% in total,while the permeability is determined by tectonic fractures. Three principal types of high-quality reservoirs with average porosity larger than 10. 3% and permeability larger than 0. 35×10~(-3)μm~2 are developed in outer extrusive sub-facies,pyroclastic flow sub-facies and volcanic diatreme sub-facies,which should be taken as the major exploration targets of the subaqueous trachytic successions.
The Paleogene trachytes in the Eastern Sag of Liaohe Basin were dominantly erupted and emplaced in subaqueous settings. Borehole data and seismic profiles were used to study the facies classification,sequence and architecture of these trachytic rocks,and to reveal the distribution of high-quality reservoirs and their controlling factors. Five principal volcanic facies and eleven sub-facies can be identified in the trachytic successions by means of facies analysis on both boreholes and cross-sections. A representative facies model was proposed for volcanic facies analysis and prediction,which reveals three volcanic facies associations corresponded to the proximity to volcanic conduit. Respectively,the central-proximal facies association is dominated by extrusive lava rocks,while the medial facies association is characterized by pyroclastic flow deposits,and the distal facies association is composed of water-settled fall deposits and volcaniclastic deposits. Two vertical facies sequences from bottom to top are explosive to extrusive facies and volcanic conduit to extrusive facies,respectively. Lateral facies sequence from volcanic center to edge can be described as the volcanic conduit and extrusive facies combination,the effusive and explosive facies combination,and the volcaniclastic facies. Quenching fragmentation and volcanic explosion resulted from mingling of magma and water are considered to be the key influencing factors to the characteristics of volcanic facies and reservoirs of subaqueous trachytes in the study area. Intra-particle dissolution pores,residual inter-particle pores and the related inter-particle cement dissolution pores are proven to be the most important valid porosities in trachytic reservoirs. The intra-particle phenocrystal and matrix dissolution pores,especially,make the major contribution to reserve capacities which account for 53. 2% in total,while the permeability is determined by tectonic fractures. Three principal types of high-quality reservoirs with average porosity larger than 10. 3% and permeability larger than 0. 35×10~(-3)μm~2 are developed in outer extrusive sub-facies,pyroclastic flow sub-facies and volcanic diatreme sub-facies,which should be taken as the major exploration targets of the subaqueous trachytic successions.
引文
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[14]蔡国刚.辽河裂谷东部凹陷粗面岩成因机理探讨[J].地球学报,2010,31(2):245-250.CAI Guogang. Genetic mechanism of trachyte in the eastern depression of Liaohe Rift[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2010,31(2):245-250.
[15]冯玉辉,黄玉龙,丁秀春,等.辽河盆地东部凹陷中基性火山岩相地震响应特征及其机理探讨[J].石油物探,2014,53(2):206-215.FENG Yuhui,HUANG Yulong,DING Xiuchun,et al.Relationship between intermediate-mafic volcanic facies and their corresponding seismic reflections:a case study from eastern depression of Liaohe Basin[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(2):206-215.
[16]黄玉龙,单俊峰,边伟华,等.辽河坳陷中基性火成岩相分类及储集意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):671-680.HUANG Yulong,SHAN Junfeng,BIAN Weihua,et al. Facies classification and reservoir significance of the Cenozoic intermediate and mafic igneous rocks in Liaohe Depression,East China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):671-680.
[17]罗静兰,邵红梅,杨艳芳,等.松辽盆地深层火山岩储层的埋藏-烃类充注-成岩时空演化过程[J].地学前缘,2013,20(5):175-187.LUO Jinglan,SHAO Hongmei,YANG Yanfang,et al.Temporal and spatial evolution of burial-hydrocarbon filling-diagenetic process of deep volcanic reservoir in Songliao Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(5):175-187.
[18]曲江秀,高长海,查明,等.准噶尔盆地克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩储层特征及成岩演化[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(5):1-8.QU Jiangxiu,GAO Changhai,ZHA Ming,et al. Reservoir characteristics and diagenetic evolution of Carboniferous volcanic rock in Kelameili gas field of Junggar Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2014,38(5):1-8.
[19]冯玉辉,于小键,黄玉龙,等.辽河盆地新生界火山喷发旋回和期次及其油气地质意义[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(5):50-57.FENG Yuhui,YU Xiaojian,HUANG Yulong,et al. Eruption cycles and stages of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks and their significance to hydrocarbon accumulations in the Liaohe Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), 2015,39(5):50-57.
[20]金强,熊寿生,卢培德.中国断陷盆地主要生油岩中的火山活动及其意义[J].地质论评,1998,44(2):136-142.JIN Qiang,XIONG Shousheng,LU Peide. Volcanic activity in major source rocks in faulted basins of China and its significance[J]. Geological Review,1998,44(2):136-142.
[21] SURDAM R C,CROSSEY L J,HAGEN E S,et al.Organic-inorganic interactions and sandstone diagenesis[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(1):1-23.
[2] WANG P J,CHEN S M. Cretaceous volcanic reservoirs and their exploration in the Songliao Basin,Northeast China[J]. AAPG Bulletin,2015,99(3):499-523.
[3] CHEN Z Y,YAN H,LI J S,et al. Relationship between Tertiary volcanic and hydrocarbons in the Liaohe Basin,People's Republic of China[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(6):1004-1014.
[4] GU L X,REN Z W,WU C Z,et al. Hydrocarbon reservoirs in a trachyte porphyry intrusion in the Eastern depression of the Liaohe Basin, northeast China[J].AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(10):1821-1832.
[5]孟卫工,陈振岩,张斌,等.辽河坳陷火成岩油气藏勘探关键技术[J].中国石油勘探,2015,20(3):45-57.MENG Weigong,CHEN Zhenyan,ZHANG Bin,et al.Key technology for exploration of igneous reservoirs in Liaohe Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration,2015,20(3):45-57.
[6] CAS R A F. Submarine volcanism:eruption styles,products,and relevance to understanding the host-rock successions to volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits[J]. Economic Geology,1992,87(3):511-541.
[7] MONECKE T,GEMMELL J B,HERZIG P M. Geology and volcanic facies architecture of the Lower Ordovician Waterloo massive sulfide deposit,Australia[J]. Economic Geology,2006,101(1):79-197.
[8]陈振岩,仇劲涛,王璞珺,等.主成盆期火山岩与油气成藏关系探讨[J].沉积学报,2011,29(4):798-808.CHEN Zhenyan,QIU Jintao,WANG Pujun,et al. Relationship between volcanic rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation during dominant period of basin formation in Liaohe Depression[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(4):798-808.
[9]邱隆伟,姜在兴,熊志东,等.辽河盆地东部凹陷火山岩油藏类型及成藏条件研究[J].石油实验地质,2003,25(4):390-394.QIU Longwei,JIANG Zaixing,XIONG Zhidong,et al.Study of volcanic reservoirs in the eastern depression of the Liaohe Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2003,25(4):390-394.
[10]吴昌志,顾连兴,任作伟,等.辽河油田欧利坨子潜火山岩及其成藏机制[J].地质论评,2003,49(2):162-167,229.WU Changzhi,GU Lianxing,REN Zuowei,et al. Subvolcanic trachyte porphyry at Oulituozi in the Liaohe Basin and its mechanism for hydrocarbon reservoir formation[J]. Geological Review,2003,49(2):162-167,229.
[11] STEWART A L,MCPHIE J. Facies architecture and late Pliocene-Pleistocene evolution of a felsic volcanic island,Milos,Greece[J]. Bulletin of Volcanology,2006,68(7):703-726.
[12]王岚,李文厚,林潼,等.陆上、水下喷发成因火山岩储层发育特征和成藏控制因素对比分析:以三塘湖盆地石炭系火山岩油藏为例[J].地质科学,2010,45(4):1088-1097.WANG Lan,LI Wenhou,LIN Tong,et al. A comparative analysis of submarine eruption and subaerial eruptive volcaniclastic reservoir on characteristics of reservoir and reservoir forming dominated factors:taking Carboniferous volcaniclastic reservoir in Santanghu Basin as example[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology,2010,45(4):1088-1097.
[13]侯贵廷,钱祥麟,蔡东升.渤海湾盆地中、新生代构造演化研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(6):845-851.HOU Guiting,QIAN Xianglin,CAI Dongsheng. The tectonic evolution of Bohai Basin in Mesozoic and Cenozoic time[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2001,37(6):845-851.
[14]蔡国刚.辽河裂谷东部凹陷粗面岩成因机理探讨[J].地球学报,2010,31(2):245-250.CAI Guogang. Genetic mechanism of trachyte in the eastern depression of Liaohe Rift[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2010,31(2):245-250.
[15]冯玉辉,黄玉龙,丁秀春,等.辽河盆地东部凹陷中基性火山岩相地震响应特征及其机理探讨[J].石油物探,2014,53(2):206-215.FENG Yuhui,HUANG Yulong,DING Xiuchun,et al.Relationship between intermediate-mafic volcanic facies and their corresponding seismic reflections:a case study from eastern depression of Liaohe Basin[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2014,53(2):206-215.
[16]黄玉龙,单俊峰,边伟华,等.辽河坳陷中基性火成岩相分类及储集意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(6):671-680.HUANG Yulong,SHAN Junfeng,BIAN Weihua,et al. Facies classification and reservoir significance of the Cenozoic intermediate and mafic igneous rocks in Liaohe Depression,East China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(6):671-680.
[17]罗静兰,邵红梅,杨艳芳,等.松辽盆地深层火山岩储层的埋藏-烃类充注-成岩时空演化过程[J].地学前缘,2013,20(5):175-187.LUO Jinglan,SHAO Hongmei,YANG Yanfang,et al.Temporal and spatial evolution of burial-hydrocarbon filling-diagenetic process of deep volcanic reservoir in Songliao Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(5):175-187.
[18]曲江秀,高长海,查明,等.准噶尔盆地克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩储层特征及成岩演化[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(5):1-8.QU Jiangxiu,GAO Changhai,ZHA Ming,et al. Reservoir characteristics and diagenetic evolution of Carboniferous volcanic rock in Kelameili gas field of Junggar Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2014,38(5):1-8.
[19]冯玉辉,于小键,黄玉龙,等.辽河盆地新生界火山喷发旋回和期次及其油气地质意义[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(5):50-57.FENG Yuhui,YU Xiaojian,HUANG Yulong,et al. Eruption cycles and stages of the Cenozoic volcanic rocks and their significance to hydrocarbon accumulations in the Liaohe Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), 2015,39(5):50-57.
[20]金强,熊寿生,卢培德.中国断陷盆地主要生油岩中的火山活动及其意义[J].地质论评,1998,44(2):136-142.JIN Qiang,XIONG Shousheng,LU Peide. Volcanic activity in major source rocks in faulted basins of China and its significance[J]. Geological Review,1998,44(2):136-142.
[21] SURDAM R C,CROSSEY L J,HAGEN E S,et al.Organic-inorganic interactions and sandstone diagenesis[J]. AAPG Bulletin,1989,73(1):1-23.
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