基于边界组织的技术转移服务机构新范式
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摘要
早在2014年,我国就已经成为了专利申请量的第一大国,但如何将科技成果转化为有效的生产力这一问题始终没有得到有效的解决。由于科学与市场之间在追求目标、价值取向等方面均存在着不同,使得科学与市场这两个社会界域之间形成了明显的边界,进而导致技术转移这个沟通两个社会界域的活动难以顺畅、自发、有效的进行。为了模糊科学与市场之间的边界,解决技术转移中存在的种种问题,就需要新的机制设计。通过对技术转移与边界组织的研究发现:(1)可以将边界组织的理论和概念扩展到技术转移领域,用边界组织的特性弥补了技术转移中边界现象带来的障碍,在拥有理论基础的情况下,为现有技术转移服务机构提出了新的发展方向。(2)总结现有的技术转移服务机构存在的问题,发现目前我国的大多数技术转移服务机构仍属于"摸着石头过河",为此提出了边界组织范式的技术转移服务机构,给予了技术转移服务机构拥有理论基础的发展路径,对技术转移机构的未来发展有着显著的促进作用。
As early as 2014, China has become the largest country in patent applications, but how to convert scientific and technological achievements into effective productivity has not been effectively resolved. Because of the differences between science and market in the pursuit of goals, value orientation and other aspects, there is a clear boundary between the two social boundaries of science and market. Thus, it is difficult for the technology transfer, which communicates the two social boundaries, to proceed smoothly, spontaneously and effectively. In order to blur the boundary between science and market and solve all kinds of problems in technology transfer, new mechanism design is needed. Through the study of technology transfer and boundary organization, it is found that 1 the theory and concept of boundary organization can be extended to the field of technology transfer, and the barrier brought by boundary phenomenon in technology transfer can be made up by the characteristics of boundary organization. In the case of having a theoretical basis, it proposes a new development direction for the existing technology transfer service institutions. 2. Summing up the problems existing in the existing technology transfer service agencies, it is found that most of the technology transfer service agencies in our country still belong to "crossing the river by feeling the stones", and the conditions for technology transfer service agencies to become border organizations are put forward in this paper. It gives the technology transfer service organization a development path with a theoretical basis, and has a significant role in promoting the future development of technology transfer institutions.
As early as 2014, China has become the largest country in patent applications, but how to convert scientific and technological achievements into effective productivity has not been effectively resolved. Because of the differences between science and market in the pursuit of goals, value orientation and other aspects, there is a clear boundary between the two social boundaries of science and market. Thus, it is difficult for the technology transfer, which communicates the two social boundaries, to proceed smoothly, spontaneously and effectively. In order to blur the boundary between science and market and solve all kinds of problems in technology transfer, new mechanism design is needed. Through the study of technology transfer and boundary organization, it is found that 1 the theory and concept of boundary organization can be extended to the field of technology transfer, and the barrier brought by boundary phenomenon in technology transfer can be made up by the characteristics of boundary organization. In the case of having a theoretical basis, it proposes a new development direction for the existing technology transfer service institutions. 2. Summing up the problems existing in the existing technology transfer service agencies, it is found that most of the technology transfer service agencies in our country still belong to "crossing the river by feeling the stones", and the conditions for technology transfer service agencies to become border organizations are put forward in this paper. It gives the technology transfer service organization a development path with a theoretical basis, and has a significant role in promoting the future development of technology transfer institutions.
引文
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[14] 崔永华,李正风,尹雪慧,等.跨边界组织在国家创新体系中的作用及路径选择:以学会为例[J].中国科技论坛,2011,(6):101-106.
[15] Boezeman D,Vink M,Leroy P.The dutch delta committee as a boundary organisation[J].Environmental Science & Policy,2013,27(27):162-171.
[16] Kirchhoff C J,Esselman R,Brown D.Boundary organizations to boundary chains:Prospects for advancing climate science application[J].Climate Risk Management,2015,(9):20-29.
[17] 李正风.塑造政府与科学之间的新型关系[J].中国软科学,2006,(6):95-100.
[18] 韩来平.贝尔纳科学自由与民主策略[J].自然辩证法研究,2009,(7):74-79.
[19] 马小亮.科学与政策之间的边界组织研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2017.
[20] 许可,肖冰,肖尤丹.创新驱动背景下我国专利主张实体扩张防范策略研究——美国与日本的经验借鉴[J].科技进步与对策,2018,(14):95-102.
[21] 石丽静.研发强度与企业创新绩效——政府资源与知识产权保护的调节作用[J].经济与管理评论,2017,33(6):144-152.
[22] 贺宁馨,许可,董哲林.专利诉讼的风险分析及其对企业专利战略的影响研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2018,39(7):65-73.
[2] 许可,肖冰,贺宁馨.技术转移理论演进与前沿——由中美贸易战引发的思考[J].财经论丛,2019,(1):12-20.
[3] Gieryn T F.Boundary-work and the demarcation of science from non-science:Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists [J].American Sociological Review,1983,48(6):781-795.
[4] 孟强.科学划界:从本质主义到建构论[J].科学学研究,2004,22(6):561-565.
[5] 马乐.STS中的边界研究——从科学划界到边界组织[J].哲学动态,2013,(11):83-92.
[6] 盛亚.中国技术转移的理论与实际问题[J].科学管理研究,1994,(6):40-43.
[7] 李国杰.技术转移是国家创新体系最薄弱环节[J].中国科学院院刊,2006,21(5):369-370.
[8] 王小勇,宁建荣,张娟.国内外关于技术转移机构研究综述[J].科技管理研究,2009,29(1):44-46.
[9] 邵邦,刘庆莲.中科院国家技术转移机构技术转移模式研究[J].科技和产业,2017,17(3):128-131.
[10] 孙理军,黄花叶.美日技术转移实践及其对我国技术转移中心的启示[J].科技管理研究,2003,23(1):70-72.
[11] 龚雪媚,汪凌勇.技术转移机构的运行模式与绩效影响因素研究[J].科技进步与对策,2010,27(23):105-110.
[12] Moore K.Organizing integrity:American science and the creation of public interest organizations,1955-1975[J].AJS,1996,101(6):1592-1627.
[13] Guston D H.Stabilizing the boundary between US politics and science:The role of the office of technology transfer as a boundary organization.[J].Social Studies of Science,1999,29(1):87-111.
[14] 崔永华,李正风,尹雪慧,等.跨边界组织在国家创新体系中的作用及路径选择:以学会为例[J].中国科技论坛,2011,(6):101-106.
[15] Boezeman D,Vink M,Leroy P.The dutch delta committee as a boundary organisation[J].Environmental Science & Policy,2013,27(27):162-171.
[16] Kirchhoff C J,Esselman R,Brown D.Boundary organizations to boundary chains:Prospects for advancing climate science application[J].Climate Risk Management,2015,(9):20-29.
[17] 李正风.塑造政府与科学之间的新型关系[J].中国软科学,2006,(6):95-100.
[18] 韩来平.贝尔纳科学自由与民主策略[J].自然辩证法研究,2009,(7):74-79.
[19] 马小亮.科学与政策之间的边界组织研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2017.
[20] 许可,肖冰,肖尤丹.创新驱动背景下我国专利主张实体扩张防范策略研究——美国与日本的经验借鉴[J].科技进步与对策,2018,(14):95-102.
[21] 石丽静.研发强度与企业创新绩效——政府资源与知识产权保护的调节作用[J].经济与管理评论,2017,33(6):144-152.
[22] 贺宁馨,许可,董哲林.专利诉讼的风险分析及其对企业专利战略的影响研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2018,39(7):65-73.
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