4种地被植物干旱胁迫下的生理响应及抗旱性评价
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摘要
为了丰富关中地区园林地被植物种类,让园林企业在合理选择和应用地被植物有可靠的理论依据,以关中地区引种栽培的顶花板凳果、大吴风草、迷迭香和蜘蛛抱蛋4种常绿地被植物2年生盆栽苗为试材,采用人工控水模拟水分胁迫的方法,研究其在不同程度下的植株形态变化,并测定4种植物的萎蔫系数及叶片的游离脯氨酸、MDA、SOD、POD、CAT、可溶性蛋白以及可溶性糖等生理生化指标的变化,由此来综合评价其抗旱性。结果表明:1)从干旱临界值来看,迷迭香的最低,达到3.01%;2)从叶片游离脯氨酸含量变化来看,顶花板凳果、大吴风草及迷迭香随着干旱胁迫程度的增加呈现增长趋势,到了重度干旱胁迫,其含量分别达到对照的7.09倍、11.73倍、18.59倍;3)从MDA含量变化来看,大吴风草和迷迭香叶片中的含量同干旱胁迫程度呈正相关,蜘蛛抱蛋、顶花板凳果则整体呈现缓慢的下降趋势;4)随着干旱胁迫程度的增加,4种植物叶片可溶性蛋白含量变化均有所增加,但差异不显著。可溶性糖的含量只有蜘蛛抱蛋呈现先升后降的趋势,其余3种均呈现显著连续下降趋势;5)从叶片保护酶活性分析,干旱胁迫条件下SOD、POD和CAT均有所增加。其中顶花板凳果、大吴风草及蜘蛛抱蛋的CAT含量显著增加,增长率分别达159.28%、239.31%和200.97%;6)利用隶属函数分析4种常绿地被植物的抗旱性强弱,其顺序为:迷迭香>顶花板凳果>蜘蛛抱蛋>大吴风草,这一结果与盆栽干旱试验的形态表现一致。
In order to enrich the species of groundcover plants in guanzhong area, and the garden enterprises have a reliable theoretical basis for the reasonable selection and application of groundcover plants,the potted two years old plantlets of four evergreen ground cover plants were used as the test materials in this study. Four introduction and cultivation plants, Pachysandra terminalis, Farfugium japonicum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Aspidistra elatior were examined to study their drought resistance by using artificial water control simulated water stress method. Some physiological and morphological indices, such as wilting coefficient, free proline content,MDA, SOD, POD, CAT, soluble protein, soluble sugar of leaves were investigated and analysed after drought stress treatment. Drought resistance of four evergreen ground cover plants were comprehensively evaluated. The result show that: 1) In terms of drought threshold,Rosmarinus officinalis was the lowest, reaching 3.01%; 2) from the change of free proline content in leaves, Pachysandra terminalis,Farfugium japonicum and Rosmarinus officinalis increased with the increase of the degree of drought stress, respectively 7.09 times,11.73 times and 18.59 times of the control; 3) from the MDA content changes, the content of the leaves of Farfugium japonicum,Rosmarinus officinalis was positively correlated with the degree of drought stress, and the content of the leaves of Aspidistra elatior and Pachysandra terminalis showed a slow downward trend; 4) with the increase of drought stress, the content of soluble protein in the leaves of four plants increased, but the difference was not significant.The content of soluble sugar of Aspidistra elatior showed a trend of rising first and then falling, while the other three presented a significant continuous downward trend; 5) SOD, POD and CAT were increased under drought stress.The content of CAT of Pachysandra terminalis, Farfugium japonicum, and Aspidistra elatior was significantly increased, the rate of increase were 159.28%, 239.31% and 200.97%, respectively; 6) based on subordinate function method, the result indicated that the sequence of drought resistance of the four evergreen ground cover plants were: Rosmarinus officinalis > Pachysandra terminalis > Aspidistra elatior > Farfugium japonicum. The combination of physiological indices and the morphological characteristics of the plants under potted drought test were consistent.
In order to enrich the species of groundcover plants in guanzhong area, and the garden enterprises have a reliable theoretical basis for the reasonable selection and application of groundcover plants,the potted two years old plantlets of four evergreen ground cover plants were used as the test materials in this study. Four introduction and cultivation plants, Pachysandra terminalis, Farfugium japonicum, Rosmarinus officinalis and Aspidistra elatior were examined to study their drought resistance by using artificial water control simulated water stress method. Some physiological and morphological indices, such as wilting coefficient, free proline content,MDA, SOD, POD, CAT, soluble protein, soluble sugar of leaves were investigated and analysed after drought stress treatment. Drought resistance of four evergreen ground cover plants were comprehensively evaluated. The result show that: 1) In terms of drought threshold,Rosmarinus officinalis was the lowest, reaching 3.01%; 2) from the change of free proline content in leaves, Pachysandra terminalis,Farfugium japonicum and Rosmarinus officinalis increased with the increase of the degree of drought stress, respectively 7.09 times,11.73 times and 18.59 times of the control; 3) from the MDA content changes, the content of the leaves of Farfugium japonicum,Rosmarinus officinalis was positively correlated with the degree of drought stress, and the content of the leaves of Aspidistra elatior and Pachysandra terminalis showed a slow downward trend; 4) with the increase of drought stress, the content of soluble protein in the leaves of four plants increased, but the difference was not significant.The content of soluble sugar of Aspidistra elatior showed a trend of rising first and then falling, while the other three presented a significant continuous downward trend; 5) SOD, POD and CAT were increased under drought stress.The content of CAT of Pachysandra terminalis, Farfugium japonicum, and Aspidistra elatior was significantly increased, the rate of increase were 159.28%, 239.31% and 200.97%, respectively; 6) based on subordinate function method, the result indicated that the sequence of drought resistance of the four evergreen ground cover plants were: Rosmarinus officinalis > Pachysandra terminalis > Aspidistra elatior > Farfugium japonicum. The combination of physiological indices and the morphological characteristics of the plants under potted drought test were consistent.
引文
[1]冉津江,季明霞,黄建平,等.中国北方干旱区和半干旱区近60年气候变化特征及成因分析[J].兰州大学学报,2014,50(1):46-53.
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[13]武燕奇,郭素娟.5个板栗品种(系)对持续干旱胁迫和复水的生理响应[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(10):67-74.
[14]吉增宝.干旱及旱后复水对刺槐和侧柏苗木有机渗透调节物质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[15]李德全,邹琦,程炳崇.土壤干旱下不同抗旱性小麦品种的渗透调节和渗透调节物质[J].植物生理学报,1992,18(1):37-44.
[16]祁娟,徐柱,王海清,等.旱作条件下披碱草属植物叶的生理生化特征分析[J].草业学报,2009,18(1):39-45.
[17]孙宗玖,李培英,阿不来提,等.干旱复水后4份偃麦草渗透调节物质的响应[J].草业学报,2009,18(5):52-57.
[18]叶乃好,翟衡,杜中军,等.水分胁迫条件下10种苹果砧木抗旱性评价[J].果树学报,2004,21(5):395-398.
[19]魏秀俭.玉米自交系耐旱性的模糊隶属函数法分析[J].山东农业科学,2005(2):25-27.
[20]毛永成,刘璐,王小德.干旱胁迫对3种槭树科植物生理特性的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(1):60-64.
[21]张智猛,万书波,戴良香,等.花生抗旱性鉴定指标的筛选与评价[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(1):100-109.
[22]靳月,李铁华,文仕知,等.干旱胁迫对闽楠幼苗的生长和生理特性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(9):50-57.
[23]唐婧文,吴思政,梁文斌,等.湖南引种蓝莓叶片结构特征的比价及其耐旱性研究[J].经济林研究,2017,35(4):90-98.
[24]白重炎,高尚风,张颖,等.12个核桃品种叶片解剖结构及其抗旱性研究[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(7):125-128.
[2]杨淑红,王齐瑞,刘艳萍,等.不同林冠环境下顶花板凳果生理适应性研究[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(12):110-115.
[3]殷国栋,高政,张艳平.迷迭香引种栽培与开发利用研究进展[J].西南林学院学报,2010,30(4):82-88.
[4]沈娟,李谦盛,倪迪安.两张大吴风草的耐荫性研究[J].植物生理学报,2014,50(7):967-972.
[5]徐召丹,林夏珍,蒋挺.遮光对3种地被植物生长和生理生化的影响[J].浙江林学院学报,2010,27(1):69-75.
[6]石建宁,郭玉琴,邵锋,等.4种旱生植物幼苗萎蔫系数的研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2012,53(7):13-14.
[7]张志良,翟伟菁.植物生理学实验指导[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003:120-137.
[8]陈立松,刘星辉.水分胁迫对荔枝叶片活性氧代谢的影响[J].园艺学报,1998,25(3):241-246.
[9]於新建.植物生理学实验手册[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1985:140-149.
[10]刘雪,彭冶,范俊俊等.淹水胁迫对湖北海棠生长及生理特性的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(1):35-42.
[11]李云霞,张建生,吴永华,等.5种景天科地被植物抗旱性比较研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(2):183-186.
[12]李德全,邹琦,程炳嵩.植物在逆境下的渗透调节[J].山东农业大学学报,1989(2):75-80.
[13]武燕奇,郭素娟.5个板栗品种(系)对持续干旱胁迫和复水的生理响应[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(10):67-74.
[14]吉增宝.干旱及旱后复水对刺槐和侧柏苗木有机渗透调节物质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009.
[15]李德全,邹琦,程炳崇.土壤干旱下不同抗旱性小麦品种的渗透调节和渗透调节物质[J].植物生理学报,1992,18(1):37-44.
[16]祁娟,徐柱,王海清,等.旱作条件下披碱草属植物叶的生理生化特征分析[J].草业学报,2009,18(1):39-45.
[17]孙宗玖,李培英,阿不来提,等.干旱复水后4份偃麦草渗透调节物质的响应[J].草业学报,2009,18(5):52-57.
[18]叶乃好,翟衡,杜中军,等.水分胁迫条件下10种苹果砧木抗旱性评价[J].果树学报,2004,21(5):395-398.
[19]魏秀俭.玉米自交系耐旱性的模糊隶属函数法分析[J].山东农业科学,2005(2):25-27.
[20]毛永成,刘璐,王小德.干旱胁迫对3种槭树科植物生理特性的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(1):60-64.
[21]张智猛,万书波,戴良香,等.花生抗旱性鉴定指标的筛选与评价[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(1):100-109.
[22]靳月,李铁华,文仕知,等.干旱胁迫对闽楠幼苗的生长和生理特性的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2018,38(9):50-57.
[23]唐婧文,吴思政,梁文斌,等.湖南引种蓝莓叶片结构特征的比价及其耐旱性研究[J].经济林研究,2017,35(4):90-98.
[24]白重炎,高尚风,张颖,等.12个核桃品种叶片解剖结构及其抗旱性研究[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(7):125-128.