航空发动机吞砂试验标准砂与典型沙粒形貌对比分析
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摘要
航空发动机工作时吸入沙粒会对发动机造成伤害。针对军标中未规定吞砂试验用砂粒的形貌特征问题,提出砂粒形貌特征的统计表述方法——数字图像获取、砂粒圆度(砂粒图片实际面积与其外接圆面积之比)分析、标尺对比与观察统计、振动转换与跟踪、统计指标比较,选取中国南海(海南)、东海(厦门)、腾格里沙漠和塔克拉玛干沙漠等典型地区的沙粒与美国标准砂的形貌特征进行了对比分析。试验表明:利用标准砂进行航空发动机吞砂试验时发动机的损伤最严重,即按照军标要求采用标准砂进行吞砂试验能够保证发动机具有足够的安全裕度。
The inhalation of sand particles during the work of an aeroengine will cause damage to the engine. In order to solve the problem of the morphology of sand used in sand swallowing test,which was no provision in the military standard,a statistical expression method of sand morphology was put forward.The statistical expression method included digital image acquisition,sand roundness(the ratio of the actual area of sand image to its circumcircle area)analysis,scale comparison and observation statistics,vibration conversion and tracking,statistical index comparison.The morphologies of sand grained in typical areas such as South China Sea(Hainan),East China Sea(Xiamen),Tengger Desert and Taklimakan Desert were compared with those of American standard sand.The test results show that the damage of aeroengine is the most serious when the standard sand is used in the sand swallowing test.Sand swallowing test with standard sand in accordance with military standard requirements can ensure that the engine has sufficient safety margin.
The inhalation of sand particles during the work of an aeroengine will cause damage to the engine. In order to solve the problem of the morphology of sand used in sand swallowing test,which was no provision in the military standard,a statistical expression method of sand morphology was put forward.The statistical expression method included digital image acquisition,sand roundness(the ratio of the actual area of sand image to its circumcircle area)analysis,scale comparison and observation statistics,vibration conversion and tracking,statistical index comparison.The morphologies of sand grained in typical areas such as South China Sea(Hainan),East China Sea(Xiamen),Tengger Desert and Taklimakan Desert were compared with those of American standard sand.The test results show that the damage of aeroengine is the most serious when the standard sand is used in the sand swallowing test.Sand swallowing test with standard sand in accordance with military standard requirements can ensure that the engine has sufficient safety margin.
引文
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[15]赵聪敏.塔克拉玛干沙漠砂粒形貌特征分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2012.ZHAO Congmin.Research on morphology characteristic of sand particles in Taklimakan Desert[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Normal University,2012.(in Chinese)
[16]Refaat A A,Hamdan M A.Mineralogy and grain morphology of the aeolian dune sand of Toshka area,southeastern Western Desert,E-gypt[J].Aeolian Research,2015,17:243-254.
[17]Qian G Q,Dong Z B,Luo W Y,et al.Morphology and grain size characteristics of echo dunes[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(3):587-592.
[2]Ramachandran.CS,Balasubramanian V,Ananthapadmanabhan P V.Thermal cycling behaviour of plasma sprayed lanthanum zirconate based coatings under concurrent infiltration by a molten glass concoction[J].Ceramics International,2013,39(2):1413-1431.
[3]Bajracharya T R,Acharya B,Joshi C B,et al.Sand erosion of pelton turbine nozzles and buckets:A case study of chilime hydropower Plant[J].Wear,2008,264(3):177-184.
[4]张忠平,张晶,柴桥,等.机场道面外来物撞击航空发动机转子叶片速度估算[J].空军工程大学学报(自然科学版),2015,16(6):7-10.ZHANG Zhongping,ZHANG Jing,CHAI Qiao,et al.Velocity estimation for the impact object against the aero-engine blade[J].Journal of Air Force Engineering University(Natural Science Edition),2015,16(6):7-10.(in Chinese)
[5]魏雪霞,李广利.砂粒对飞机发动机叶片的冲击碰撞[J].北京理工大学学报,2005,25(6):471-474.WEI Xuexia,LI Guangli.The impact of sand on the blades of airplane engines[J].Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology,2005,25(6):471-474.(in Chinese)
[6]何光宇,李应红,柴艳,等.航空发动机压气机叶片砂尘冲蚀防护涂层关键问题综述[J].航空学报,2015,36(6):1733-1743.HE Guangyu,LI Yinghong,CHAI Yan,et al.Review of key issues on coating against s of aero-engine compressor blade[J].Journal of Aeronautical Engineering,2015,36(6):1733-1743.(in Chinese)
[7]曾强.气流通道中砂粒运动轨迹的数值模拟研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2013.ZENG Qiang.Numerical simulation of sand trajectories in airflow channel[D].Nanjing:Nan Jing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2013.(in Chinese)
[8]王长喜.某型发动机吞砂试验报告[R].西安:中国飞行试验研究院,1984:5-24.WANG Changxi.Sand swallowing test report for a certain type of engine[R].Xi’an:China Flight Test Research Institute,1984:5-24.(in Chinese)
[9]马昌,魏海涛.一种航空发动机吞砂试验方法[J].科学技术与工程,2015,15(18):239-242.MA Chang,WEI Haitao.A method of sand ingestion test for aero-engine[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2015,15(18):239-242.(in Chinese)
[10]美国军用标准MIL-STD-3033发动机叶片材料耐砂蚀(颗粒侵蚀)性测试[S].华盛顿:美国国防部,2010:1-11.US military standards MIL-STD-3033 Engine blade material resistence to erosion(particle test)test[S].Washington:United States Department of Defense,2010:1-11.(in Chinese)
[11]总参谋部陆航局.GJB1171-91军用直升机防砂尘要求[S].北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,1991:1-5.The land and navigation bureau of the general staff.GJB1171-91Military helicopter sand control requirements[S].BeiJing:National Defence Science and Technology Industry Committee,1991:1-5.(in Chinese)
[12]图格杰加甫·新丽.新疆沙漠砂粒形貌特征比较分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2014.TUGEJIEJIAFU Xinli.Comparative analysis on morphological characteristics of desert sand[D].Urumuqi:Xinjiang University,2014.(in Chinese)
[13]中国航空工业总公司.GJB2026-1994航空涡喷涡扇发动机吞砂试验要求[S].北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,1994:1-5.China Aviation Industry Corporation.GJB 2026-1994 Aeronautical turbo-turbofan engine swallowing experiment requirements[S].Beijing:National Defence Science and Technology Industry Committee,1994:1-5.(in Chinese)
[14]航空301研究所.GJB242-1987航空涡轮螺桨和涡轮轴发动机通用规范[S].北京:国防科学技术工业委员会,1987:14.Aviation 301 Research Institute.GJB 242-1987 Engines,aircraft,turbopropandturboshaft,generalspecification[S].Bei Jing:National Defence Science and Technology Industry Committee,1987:14.(in Chinese)
[15]赵聪敏.塔克拉玛干沙漠砂粒形貌特征分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆师范大学,2012.ZHAO Congmin.Research on morphology characteristic of sand particles in Taklimakan Desert[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Normal University,2012.(in Chinese)
[16]Refaat A A,Hamdan M A.Mineralogy and grain morphology of the aeolian dune sand of Toshka area,southeastern Western Desert,E-gypt[J].Aeolian Research,2015,17:243-254.
[17]Qian G Q,Dong Z B,Luo W Y,et al.Morphology and grain size characteristics of echo dunes[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(3):587-592.