寒旱区春玉米机械化籽粒直收品种筛选
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摘要
记录5种不同品种玉米的生育期及株高、茎粗和叶面积等生长指标,测定这5种玉米的脱水速率、穗部性状、产量等指标以及机械收获质量,用于筛选适合寒旱区春玉米籽粒直收的品种。结果表明,参试的5个品种中,中玉9号的株高、穗位高都最小,符合籽粒直收品种要求。到收获期,除田丰118外,其他4个品种籽粒含水率均降低至25%以下。机械收获后,瑞美216和中玉9号的破碎率分别为4.66%和4.7%,中单2996的破碎率最高为13.2%。总落粒率田丰118最小,为0.82%,中玉9号次之,为5.62%。综合考虑,田丰118后期水分脱水速率较慢,中单2996易倒伏、破碎率高不适合种植,其他3个品种种植的优先顺序为:中玉9号、瑞美216、正成018。
To screen varieties suitable for spring maize direct harvesting in Zhangjiakou area,the growth indices of five varieties,such as growth period,plant height,stem diameter and leaf area,dehydration rate,ear traits and yield,and mechanical harvesting quality,were determined.The results showed that:1)among the five varieties,Zhongyu 9 had the smallest plant height and ear height,which meet the requirements of direct grain harvesting varieties;2)at harvest,the grain moisture content of the other four varieties decreased to below 25% except for Tianfeng 118;3)after harvesting,the breakage rates of Ruimei 216 and Zhongyu 9 were 4.66% and 4.7%,respectively,and Zhongdan 2996 had the highest breakage rate of 13.2%;4)the total grain loss rate of Tianfeng 118 was 0.82% and Zhongyu 9 was 5.62%.Considering comprehensively,the dehydration rate of Tiantou 118 was slowest and unsuitable for planting.The priority order of other three varieties was Zhongyu 9,Ruimei 216 and Zhengcheng 018.
To screen varieties suitable for spring maize direct harvesting in Zhangjiakou area,the growth indices of five varieties,such as growth period,plant height,stem diameter and leaf area,dehydration rate,ear traits and yield,and mechanical harvesting quality,were determined.The results showed that:1)among the five varieties,Zhongyu 9 had the smallest plant height and ear height,which meet the requirements of direct grain harvesting varieties;2)at harvest,the grain moisture content of the other four varieties decreased to below 25% except for Tianfeng 118;3)after harvesting,the breakage rates of Ruimei 216 and Zhongyu 9 were 4.66% and 4.7%,respectively,and Zhongdan 2996 had the highest breakage rate of 13.2%;4)the total grain loss rate of Tianfeng 118 was 0.82% and Zhongyu 9 was 5.62%.Considering comprehensively,the dehydration rate of Tiantou 118 was slowest and unsuitable for planting.The priority order of other three varieties was Zhongyu 9,Ruimei 216 and Zhengcheng 018.
引文
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[2] 易克传,朱德文,张新伟,等.含水率对玉米籽粒机械化直接收获的影响[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(11):78-80.
[3] 裴志超,周继华,郎书文,等.北京市适宜机收粒春玉米品种帅选研究[J].农业科技通讯,2016(04):107-110.
[4] 李小龙,赵丽霞,张莉,等.北京市延庆区适宜籽粒直收的春玉米品种筛[J].农业工程,2015,5(12):100-103.
[5] 张向前,王瑞,张瑞霞,等.内蒙古适宜籽粒机械化收获春玉米品种筛选[J].北方农业学报,2018,46(01):25-29.
[6] 谢瑞芝,雷晓鹏,王克如,等.黄淮海夏玉米籽粒机械收获研究初报[J].作物杂志,2014(02):76-79.
[7] 朱纪春,陈金环.国内外玉米收获机械现状和技术特点分析[J].农业技术与装备,2010(04):23-26.
[8] 柳枫贺,王克如,李健,等.影响玉米机械收粒质量因素的分析[J].作物杂志,2013(04):116-119.