基于景观生态评价与最小阻力模型的江南水乡土地整治规划
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摘要
以统一工程建设形式和刚性工程建设标准为引导,以规整化和硬质化为目标,以高强度工程建设为手段的传统土地整治,虽在稳定耕地数量、改善农业生产条件过程中发挥了积极作用,但在当前生态文明建设的要求下亟待转型。江南水乡作为现代化进程与传统农业冲突最为剧烈的地区,通过生态型土地整治实现生态改善、景观提升的需求更为迫切。该研究以景观生态学理论为指导,按照"景观格局评价-土地整治功能分区-廊道格局优化-斑块基质优化"的总体思路,基于空间聚类算法及最小阻力模型等GIS方法,选取典型项目提出了生态型土地整治规划方案。通过规划实施可在保证农业设施得到改善前提下新增人工湿地面积1.24hm2,水系廊道连通度和环通度分别提升55.43%和454.95%,实现项目区景观生态安全指数提升35.56%。该研究可为丰富土地整治规划方法,探索土地整治生态转型路径提供参考与借鉴。
The traditional land consolidation with high-intensity engineering construction,guided by unified engineering construction and rigid engineering construction standards,with the goal of regularization and hardening,has played an active role in stabilizing the amount of cultivated land and improving agricultural production conditions.However,it is unsustainable in the context of current ecological civilization construction.The high-intensity mechanical operation made the ecological environment in the project area be severely disturbed in a short time.The lack of ecological consideration results in the destruction of the overall ecological pattern and ecological stability of the project area.As the region suffering from the most serious conflict between modernization process and traditional agriculture,Jiangnan Water Town has more complex land use structure and fragile ecological landscape.There has an urgent need for ecological improvement and landscape improvement through ecological land consolidation.Guided by landscape ecology theory,this study selects a typical project following the idea of "landscape pattern evaluation—land consolidation function partition—corridor pattern optimization—plaque matrix optimization" based on ecological landscape evaluation and minimum resistance model.Then we estimate the investment of the plan to judge the feasibility of the plan according to relevant planning and design standards.Finally,we verified the land consolidation planning scheme from the aspects of engineering construction and landscape ecological security.The implementation of the plan results a great improvement,including an increase by 40.79% in the coverage of the ditches,increase by 60.06% in the coverage of road functions,1.24 hm2 of newly constructed artificial wetlands,an increase by 447.31% in the density of trenches and corridors,and the circulation of the ditches was improved by 114.91%,the connectivity and circulation of the water corridor were increased by 55.43% and 454.95% respectively,and the landscape ecological safety index of the project area was increased by 35.56%.These results show that the ecological land consolidation plan is worthy to be extended on the basis of traditional land consolidation in terms of objectives,models and methods.And the ecological land consolidation should integrate the multi-field methods such as landscape pattern analysis,minimum resistance model and non-point source pollution prevention technology with traditional land consolidation planning methods such as land consolidation zoning and the road —ditches layout to promote the multi-purpose goal of land consolidation.For the Jiangnan water town area,it should be taken into account the agricultural production targets,the status quo of urbanization industrialization oppression and the rural landscape enhancement potential with rich cultural characteristics.The planning should determine the rational rectification direction according to local conditions,and combine traditional engineering consolidation methods with regional industrial characteristics.Through the ecological land consolidation plan of this study,the overall landscape ecological security status of the project area can be improved meanwhile achieving the goal of improving agricultural facilities.This research can provide a reference for enriching the land consolidation planning method and exploring the ecological transformation path of land consolidation.
The traditional land consolidation with high-intensity engineering construction,guided by unified engineering construction and rigid engineering construction standards,with the goal of regularization and hardening,has played an active role in stabilizing the amount of cultivated land and improving agricultural production conditions.However,it is unsustainable in the context of current ecological civilization construction.The high-intensity mechanical operation made the ecological environment in the project area be severely disturbed in a short time.The lack of ecological consideration results in the destruction of the overall ecological pattern and ecological stability of the project area.As the region suffering from the most serious conflict between modernization process and traditional agriculture,Jiangnan Water Town has more complex land use structure and fragile ecological landscape.There has an urgent need for ecological improvement and landscape improvement through ecological land consolidation.Guided by landscape ecology theory,this study selects a typical project following the idea of "landscape pattern evaluation—land consolidation function partition—corridor pattern optimization—plaque matrix optimization" based on ecological landscape evaluation and minimum resistance model.Then we estimate the investment of the plan to judge the feasibility of the plan according to relevant planning and design standards.Finally,we verified the land consolidation planning scheme from the aspects of engineering construction and landscape ecological security.The implementation of the plan results a great improvement,including an increase by 40.79% in the coverage of the ditches,increase by 60.06% in the coverage of road functions,1.24 hm2 of newly constructed artificial wetlands,an increase by 447.31% in the density of trenches and corridors,and the circulation of the ditches was improved by 114.91%,the connectivity and circulation of the water corridor were increased by 55.43% and 454.95% respectively,and the landscape ecological safety index of the project area was increased by 35.56%.These results show that the ecological land consolidation plan is worthy to be extended on the basis of traditional land consolidation in terms of objectives,models and methods.And the ecological land consolidation should integrate the multi-field methods such as landscape pattern analysis,minimum resistance model and non-point source pollution prevention technology with traditional land consolidation planning methods such as land consolidation zoning and the road —ditches layout to promote the multi-purpose goal of land consolidation.For the Jiangnan water town area,it should be taken into account the agricultural production targets,the status quo of urbanization industrialization oppression and the rural landscape enhancement potential with rich cultural characteristics.The planning should determine the rational rectification direction according to local conditions,and combine traditional engineering consolidation methods with regional industrial characteristics.Through the ecological land consolidation plan of this study,the overall landscape ecological security status of the project area can be improved meanwhile achieving the goal of improving agricultural facilities.This research can provide a reference for enriching the land consolidation planning method and exploring the ecological transformation path of land consolidation.
引文
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[2]徐康,金晓斌,吴定国,等.基于农用地分等修正的土地整治项目耕地质量评价[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(7):247-255.Xu Kang,Jin Xiaobin,Wu Dingguo,et al.Cultivated land quality evaluation of land consolidation project based on agricultural land gradation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(7):247-255.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]胡业翠,郑新奇,徐劲原,等.中国土地整治新增耕地面积的区域差异[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(2):1-6.Hu Yecui,Zheng Xinqi,Xu Jingyuan,et al.Regional difference for newly increased cultivated land area through land consolidation in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(2):1-6.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]郧文聚,宇振荣.土地整治加强生态景观建设理论、方法和技术应用对策[J].中国土地科学,2011(6):4-9.Yun Wenju,Yu Zhenrong.Theory,method,technological application of landscape and ecological engineering of land consolidation[J].China Land Science,2011(6):4-9.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]黄学锋,金晓斌,张晓霞,等.土地整治项目对农田生态系统影响的能值分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2017(4):47-58.Huang Xuefeng,Jin Xiaobin,Zhang Xiaoxia,et al.Determining the influence of land consolidation project on farmland ecosystem based on emergy analysis[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2017(4):47-58.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]王军,钟莉娜.土地整治工作中生态建设问题及发展建议[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(5):308-314.Wang Jun,Zhong Lina.Problems and suggestion for developing ecological construction in land management work[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2017,33(5):308-314.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]Bonfanti P,Fregonese A,Sigura M.Landscape analysis in areas affected by land consolidation[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1997,37(1):91-98.
[8]Abubakari Z,Molen P Van Der,Bennett R M,et al.Land consolidation,customary lands,and Ghana's Northern Savannah Ecological Zone:An evaluation of the possibilities and pitfalls[J].Land Use Policy,2016,54:386-398.
[9]Oliveira R.S,Vosátka M,Dodd J.C,et al.Studies on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the efficacy of two native isolates in a highly alkaline anthropogenic sediment[J].Mycorrhiza,2005,16(1):23-31.
[10]Bronstert A,Vollmer S,Ihringer J.A review of the impact of land consolidation on runoff production and flooding in Germany[J].Physics&Chemistry of the Earth,1995,20(3/4):321-329.
[11]张正峰,王琦,谷晓坤.秀山自治县土地整治生态系统服务价值响应研究[J].中国土地科学,2012,26(7):50-55.Zhang Zhengfeng,Wang Qi,Gu Xiaokun.Ecosystemservices value response of land comprehensive consolidation in Xiushan Autonomous County[J].China Land Sciences,2012,26(7):50-55.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]谷晓坤.湖北省不同类型土地整治生态效应评价[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(8):2263-2269.Gu Xiaokun.Ecological effect of different types land consolidation in Hubei Province of China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(8):2263-2269.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]刘勇,吴次芳,岳文泽,等.土地整理项目区的景观格局及其生态效应[J].生态学报,2008(5):2261-2269.Liu Yong,Wu Cifang,Yue Wenze,et al.Evaluation of ecological effect and landscape pattern in land consolidation project[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008(5):2261-2269.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]谭少军,邵景安.基于生态适宜性评价的西南丘陵区土地整治工程布局研究[J].地理研究,2018,37(4):659-677.Tan Shaojun,Shao Jing'an.Land consolidation project layout based on ecological suitability evaluation in hilly areas of Southwest China[J].Geography Research,2018,37(4):659-677.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]李洪义,李爽,吕添贵,等.基于景观格局视角的土地整治对农地细碎化影响评价研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(1):69-75.Li Hongyi,Li Shuang,Lv Tiangui,et al.Evaluation of farmland fragmentation due to the impact of land consolidation based on the view of landscape pattern[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(1):69-75.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]李谦,戴靓,朱青,等.基于最小阻力模型的土地整治中生态连通性变化及其优化研究[J].地理科学,2014,34(6):733-739.Li Qian,Dai Liang,Zhu Qing,et al.Ecological connectivity changes and its pattern optimization during land consolidation based on minimal accumulative resistance model[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2014,34(6):733-739.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]施卫明,薛利红,王建国,等.农村面源污染治理的“4R”理论与工程实践--生态拦截技术[J].农业环境科学学报,2013(9):1697-1704.Shi Weiming,Xue Lihong,Wang Jianguo,et al.A reduceretain-reuse-restore technology for controlling rural non-point pollution in China:Eco-retain technology[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2013(9):1697-1704.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]王金亮,陈成龙,倪九派,等.小流域农业面源污染阻力评价及“源-汇”风险空间格局[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(10):216-224.Wang Jinliang,Chen Chenglong,Ni Jiupai,et al.Resistance evaluation and“source-sink”risk spatial pattern of agricultural non-point source pollution in small catchment[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2018,34(10):216-224.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]王军,李正,白中科,等.喀斯特地区土地整理景观生态规划与设计--以贵州荔波土地整理项目为例[J].地理科学进展,2011(7):906-911.Wang Jun,Li Zheng,Bai Zhongke,et al.Landscape ecological planning and design of land consolidation in karst area:a case of land consolidation project in Libo,Guizhou[J].Progress in Geography,2011(7):906-911.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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