2001-2016年三峡库区植被变化及其气候驱动因子分析
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摘要
三峡库区植被的变化及其对气候因子的响应能够反映库区生态系统状况。因此,以MOD13Q1数据和32个气象站的气象资料为数据源,研究了三峡库区2001-2016年季节合成植被指数(SINDVI)的时空变化,并对库区NDVI(归一化差异植被指数)的气候驱动因子进行了分析。研究显示:1)三峡库区近16年来SINDVI呈增长趋势,其重心存在西移趋势。库区高植被覆盖区SINDVI保持稳定或增强,低植被覆盖区则进一步降低且波动更大。2)三峡库区月最大NDVI与温度的(偏)相关性高于降水,且偏相关系数表现出农作物>草甸与灌木>阔叶林>针叶林的规律。驱动力分析表明,库区大部分区域主要受温度影响,受温度和降水共同影响的区域多为农作物种植区。总体而言,三峡库区月最大NDVI对气候因子的响应具有明显的植被类型差异及空间异质性。
The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is an important ecological barrier in southwest of China.Vegetation changes and their responses to climatic factors can reflect the status of the ecosystem in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.Therefore,taking MOD13 Q1 data of 250 m spatial resolution and meteorological data of 32 meteorological observatories in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and its surrounding areas as data source,the spatial and temporal variation of SINDVI(seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index) in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 2001 to 2016 was studied and its climate driving factors were analyzed using trend analysis and correlation analysis methods.The results show that:1) SINDVI shows a trend of increasing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in the past 16 years.The higher SINDVI regions tend to move west.2) The higher SINDVI regions are mainly distributed in the eastern,northern and southern parts of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,and their vegetation cover keeps stable or becomes higher.However,SINDVI values are getting lower and the vegetation cover fluctuates more due to frequent human activities in the western and the Yangtze River bank.3) The correlation between monthly maximum NDVI and temperature in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is higher than that between monthly maximum NDVI and precipitation,and the partial correlation coefficient shows the law of crops > grassland and shrubs > broadleaf forest > coniferous forest.The driving force analysis shows that the crop area in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is mostly affected by both temperature and precipitation,while the woodland,shrubbery and grassland are mostly affected by temperature.In general,the monthly maximum NDVI response to climatic factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area has obvious differences in vegetation types and spatial heterogeneity.It is also necessary to consider different time scales and more influence factors for further study.
The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is an important ecological barrier in southwest of China.Vegetation changes and their responses to climatic factors can reflect the status of the ecosystem in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.Therefore,taking MOD13 Q1 data of 250 m spatial resolution and meteorological data of 32 meteorological observatories in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and its surrounding areas as data source,the spatial and temporal variation of SINDVI(seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index) in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area from 2001 to 2016 was studied and its climate driving factors were analyzed using trend analysis and correlation analysis methods.The results show that:1) SINDVI shows a trend of increasing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in the past 16 years.The higher SINDVI regions tend to move west.2) The higher SINDVI regions are mainly distributed in the eastern,northern and southern parts of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area,and their vegetation cover keeps stable or becomes higher.However,SINDVI values are getting lower and the vegetation cover fluctuates more due to frequent human activities in the western and the Yangtze River bank.3) The correlation between monthly maximum NDVI and temperature in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is higher than that between monthly maximum NDVI and precipitation,and the partial correlation coefficient shows the law of crops > grassland and shrubs > broadleaf forest > coniferous forest.The driving force analysis shows that the crop area in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is mostly affected by both temperature and precipitation,while the woodland,shrubbery and grassland are mostly affected by temperature.In general,the monthly maximum NDVI response to climatic factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area has obvious differences in vegetation types and spatial heterogeneity.It is also necessary to consider different time scales and more influence factors for further study.
引文
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[4] 唐志光,马金辉,李朝奎,等.石羊河流域上游植被时空变化及其对区域气候的响应[J].地理与地理信息科学,2016,32(3):116-120.
[5] 朱源,彭光雄,王志,等.基于MODIS-NDVI的西藏林芝地区植被时空变化研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2010,26(5):58-62.
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[14] 贺伟,布仁仓,熊在平,等.1961-2005年东北地区气温和降水变化趋势[J].生态学报,2013,33(2):519-531.
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[18] 阎洪.气候时空数据的样条插值与应用[J].地理与地理信息科学,2003,19(5):27-31.
[19] 李宗省,何元庆,辛惠娟,等.我国横断山区1960-2008年气温和降水时空变化特征[J].地理学报,2010,65(5):563-579.
[20] 王强,张廷斌,易桂花,等.横断山区2004-2014年植被NPP时空变化及其驱动因子[J].生态学报,2017,37(9):3084-3095.
[21] 刘夏.气候变化对三江平原沼泽湿地NPP的影响研究[D].长春:中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,2016.19-20.
[22] STOW D,DAESCHNER S,HOPE A,et al.Variability of the seasonally integrated normalized difference vegetation index across the north slope of Alaska in the 1990s[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2003,24(5):1111-1117.
[23] 宋怡,马明国.基于GIMMS AVHRR NDVI数据的中国寒旱区植被动态及其与气候因子的关系[J].遥感学报,2008,12(3):499-505.
[24] SHABANOV N V,ZHOU L M,KNYAZIKHIN Y,et al.Analysis of interannual changes in northern vegetation activity observed in AVHRR data from 1981 to 1994[J].IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,2002,40(1):115-130.
[25] ZHOU L,TUCKER C J,KAUFMANN R K,et al.Variations in northern vegetation activity inferred from satellite data of vegetation index during 1981 to 1999[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(17):20069-20083.
[26] SONG Y,MA M.A statistical analysis of the relationship between climatic factors and the normalized difference vegetation index in China[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2011,32(14):3947-3965.
[27] 王佃来.基于遥感图像分析的北京植被状态与变化研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2013.30.
[28] 师庆东.基于FVC指数对1982-2000年中国西部干旱区植被覆盖时空变化特征分析[D].南京:南京气象学院,2004.63.
[29] 李卓,孙然好,张继超,等.京津冀城市群地区植被覆盖动态变化时空分析[J].生态学报,2017,37(22):1-9.
[30] 徐建华.现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002.
[31] 陈云浩,李晓兵,史培军.1983-1992年中国陆地NDVI变化的气候因子驱动分析[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(6):716-720.
[32] 陈云浩,李晓兵,史培军.基于遥感的NDVI与气候关系图式研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2002,7(4):332-335.
[33] 刘灿,高阳华,李月臣,等.基于NDVI的重庆市植被覆盖变化及其对气候因子的响应[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(11):1514-1520.
[34] 叶勤玉,高阳华,杨世琦,等.基于MODIS数据的重庆市植被覆盖度时空变化分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(2):53-58.
[35] 叶殿秀,张强,肖风劲.2005年中国气候特点[J].气候变化研究进展,2006,2(2):71-73.
[36] 郝志新,葛全胜,郑景云,等.2006年重庆大旱的历史透视[J].地理研究,2007,26(4):828-834.
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