2018年辽宁两次致灾台风暴雨动力机制对比分析
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摘要
应用常规、非常规、再分析资料,对2018年8月两次北上台风影响辽宁大暴雨动力机制进行对比分析。结果表明:两次过程均是在三带系统作用下出现的,副高稳定且外围有2个台风活动,西风带短波槽东移。强降水落区均位于高、低空急流耦合上升区。"摩羯"过程水汽输送通道长且宽、持续时间久;"温比亚"过程的水汽输送路径和持续时间短。"摩羯"过程,辽宁东部西南风与偏西风在等θse密集区汇合后对等θse线有向东北方向拉伸作用,形成伸长变形锋生;辽宁东南部边缘附近风向与θse密集带垂直,θse密集带上风速切变导致切变变形锋生,其作用与伸长变形锋生作用叠加,是暖区锋生的动力机制。"温比亚"过程偏南风、偏东风两股气流汇合驱动θse梯度增大导致伸长变形锋生、切变变形的两个分解项形成的锋生与散度项在辽宁东南部有很好的配合,三者共同形成强锋生。"摩羯"过程水汽输送、辐合作用使得辽宁大部水汽充分,暖区锋生次级环流产生的上升运动,促使对流不稳定能量释放导致大暴雨;"温比亚"过程,在水汽达到暴雨阈值、对称不稳定条件下,台风倒槽辐合与强锋生次级环流共同作用导致动力抬升作用快速增强,水汽强烈辐合并向高层输送形成大暴雨。
Conventional,unconventional,and reanalyzed data was used to comparatively analyze the formation of the heavy rains in Liaoning Province caused by the two typhoons northward of August 2018. The results show that the two processes occur under the action of the three-band system. The subtropical high is stable and there are two typhoon activities on the periphery,and the short-wave groove of the westerly wind moves eastward. The strong precipitation areas are located in the high and low altitude jet coupling areas. The water vapor transmission channel of the "Yaji"process is long,wide and lasts for a long time; The water vapor in the "Rumbia"process is mainly derived from "Rumbia",and has short transport path and duration. The south-west wind and the westerly wind combine to drive the θsegradient to increase the elongation,and the wind speed convergence in the area of the wind perpendicular to denseθseline produce frontogenesis,the two factors together form dynamic mechanism of frontogenesis in the warm zone. The southerly wind and the easterly wind combine to drive the θsegradient to increase the elongation,deformation and frontogenesis. The front and divergence terms formed by the two decomposition terms of shear deformation have a good cooperation in southeastern Liaoning. The three factors together form a strong front during the " Rumbia"process. The water vapor transport and spoke cooperation of the "aji"process made most of the water vapor in Liaoning full. The ascending motion generated by the secondary circulation of the warm zone causes the convective unstable energy release to cause heavy rain. In the " Rumbia "process,under the condition that the water vapor reaches the storm threshold and the strong symmetry instability,the combination of the typhoon inverted convergence and the strong frontal secondary circulation causes the dynamic uplift to be rapidly enhanced,and the water vapor is strongly radiated and merged to the high level to form a heavy rain.
Conventional,unconventional,and reanalyzed data was used to comparatively analyze the formation of the heavy rains in Liaoning Province caused by the two typhoons northward of August 2018. The results show that the two processes occur under the action of the three-band system. The subtropical high is stable and there are two typhoon activities on the periphery,and the short-wave groove of the westerly wind moves eastward. The strong precipitation areas are located in the high and low altitude jet coupling areas. The water vapor transmission channel of the "Yaji"process is long,wide and lasts for a long time; The water vapor in the "Rumbia"process is mainly derived from "Rumbia",and has short transport path and duration. The south-west wind and the westerly wind combine to drive the θsegradient to increase the elongation,and the wind speed convergence in the area of the wind perpendicular to denseθseline produce frontogenesis,the two factors together form dynamic mechanism of frontogenesis in the warm zone. The southerly wind and the easterly wind combine to drive the θsegradient to increase the elongation,deformation and frontogenesis. The front and divergence terms formed by the two decomposition terms of shear deformation have a good cooperation in southeastern Liaoning. The three factors together form a strong front during the " Rumbia"process. The water vapor transport and spoke cooperation of the "aji"process made most of the water vapor in Liaoning full. The ascending motion generated by the secondary circulation of the warm zone causes the convective unstable energy release to cause heavy rain. In the " Rumbia "process,under the condition that the water vapor reaches the storm threshold and the strong symmetry instability,the combination of the typhoon inverted convergence and the strong frontal secondary circulation causes the dynamic uplift to be rapidly enhanced,and the water vapor is strongly radiated and merged to the high level to form a heavy rain.
引文
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[16]韩桂荣,何金海,樊永富.变形场锋生对0108登陆台风温带变性和暴雨形成作用的诊断分析[J].气象学报,2005,63(4):468-476.
[17]李娜,冉令坤,周玉淑,等.北京“7. 21”暴雨过程中变形场引起的锋生与倾斜涡度发展诊断分析[J].气象学报,2013,71(4):593-605.
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[2]王黎娟,高辉,刘伟辉.西南季风与登陆台风耦合的暴雨增幅诊断及其数值模拟[J].大气科学学报,2011,34(6):662-671.
[3]郭荣芬,鲁亚斌,李华宏.盛夏昆明两次致灾大暴雨对比分析[J].灾害学,2018,33(4):122-128.
[4]郭达烽,周芳,陈翔翔,等.登陆台风“麦德姆”的空心结构及其特征[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(3):10-20.
[5] ZHENG Feng,ZENG Zhi hua,LEI Xiao tu. A Study of Rapid Decay Typhoons in Offshore Waters of CHINA[J]. Journal of Tropical Meteorology,2017,23(4):471-480.
[6]黄莉,白龙,李紫甜.适当冷空气对秋季台风暴雨增幅作用研究[J].灾害学,2018,33(2):38-44.
[7]肖柳斯,谌志刚,胡东明,等.强台风“彩虹”衍生的龙卷风特征分析[J].气象与环境学报,2017,33(3):21-28.
[8]陈联寿,孟智勇.我国热带气旋研究十年进展[J].大气科学,2001,25:420-432.
[9]李江南,王安宇,杨兆礼,等.台风暴雨的研究进展[J].热带气象学报,2003,19(S1):152-159.
[10]朱乾根,林锦瑞,寿绍文,等.天气学原理和方法(第三版)[M].北京:气象出版社,2000:112-115.
[11]刘海文,全美兰,朱玉祥,等.锋生及其次级环流对北京2012. 7. 21最大降水增幅和最大降水的影响[J].热带气象学报,2014,30(5):911-920.
[12]郭英莲,王继竹,李才媛.锋生作用对年梅汛期湖北暴雨的影响[J].气象,2014,40(1):86-93
[13]张芳华,陈涛,杨舒楠,等.-次冬季暴雨过程中的锋生和条件对称不稳定分析[J].气象,2014,40(9):1048-1057.
[14]王伏村,许东蓓,姚延锋,等.一次陇东大暴雨的锋生过程及倾斜涡度发展[J].高原气象,2016,35(2):419 431.
[15]丁治英,王慧,沈新勇,等.一次梅雨期暴雨与中层锋生、β中尺度小高压的关系[J].大气科学学报,2010,33(2):142-152.
[16]韩桂荣,何金海,樊永富.变形场锋生对0108登陆台风温带变性和暴雨形成作用的诊断分析[J].气象学报,2005,63(4):468-476.
[17]李娜,冉令坤,周玉淑,等.北京“7. 21”暴雨过程中变形场引起的锋生与倾斜涡度发展诊断分析[J].气象学报,2013,71(4):593-605.
[18]李兆慧,王东海,王建捷,等.一次暴雪过程的锋生函数和急流-锋面次级环流分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(6):1505-1515.