孝顺竹(Bambusa multiplex)大孢子发生与雌配子体发育研究（英文）
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摘要
为了解孝顺竹(Bambusa multiplex)的大孢子及雌配子体的发育过程,利用扫描电镜对孝顺竹的雌蕊形态以及大孢子和雌配子体的发育进行了观察。结果表明,孝顺竹雌蕊单子房,1室,双珠被,薄珠心;大孢子母细胞是由1个雌性孢原细胞直接发育而成,大孢子四分体为线性,位于珠孔端的1个大孢子分化成为功能大孢子,然后由功能大孢子依次经历二核、四核、最终形成1卵细胞2助细胞2极核3反足细胞的成熟胚囊。此外,孝顺竹为雌雄同熟类型,根据雌、雄蕊发育的对应关系,从雄蕊形态可估测雌配子体发育阶段。有少数雌蕊出现败育现象,可能是孝顺竹结实率低的原因之一。
In order to discuss whether the development of the female organ is normal, the development of megasporogenesis and female gametophyte of Bambusa multiplex was studied by the method of traditional paraffin section and SEM. The results showed that the ovary had one anatropous ovule, bitegmic and tenuinucellate. A female archesporial cell developed into megaspore mother cell directly, linear tetrad. The functional megaspore near the micropyle developed into mature embryo sac with eight nucleuses in 7 cells, including 3 antipodal cells arranged transversely near the chalazal and egg apparatus(1 egg cell and 2 synergid cells) near the micropylar end and a central cell(2 polar nucleus). In addition, the corresponding development relationship between pistil and stamen was established, which discovered the anthers and stigmas of B. multiplex matured at the same time. The corresponding development relationship between pistil and stamen may provide the reference for the developmental phase of embryo sac according to the anther length. During the pistil development process abnormal structures of ovaries may be one of the reasons of the low seed rate.
In order to discuss whether the development of the female organ is normal, the development of megasporogenesis and female gametophyte of Bambusa multiplex was studied by the method of traditional paraffin section and SEM. The results showed that the ovary had one anatropous ovule, bitegmic and tenuinucellate. A female archesporial cell developed into megaspore mother cell directly, linear tetrad. The functional megaspore near the micropyle developed into mature embryo sac with eight nucleuses in 7 cells, including 3 antipodal cells arranged transversely near the chalazal and egg apparatus(1 egg cell and 2 synergid cells) near the micropylar end and a central cell(2 polar nucleus). In addition, the corresponding development relationship between pistil and stamen was established, which discovered the anthers and stigmas of B. multiplex matured at the same time. The corresponding development relationship between pistil and stamen may provide the reference for the developmental phase of embryo sac according to the anther length. During the pistil development process abnormal structures of ovaries may be one of the reasons of the low seed rate.
引文
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[20]WANG Y J,LUO J,CHEN N N,et al.Floral Morphology and Development of Female and Male Gametophyte of Bambusa intermedia Hsueh et Yi[J].Bull Bot Res.,2017,37(4):492–498.doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.04.002.(in Chinese)
[21]TANG G J,YANG J M,DING Y L,et al.,Studies on the flower morphology and structure in Bambusa eutuldoides Mc Clure var.viridivittata(W.T.Lin)Chia[J].J Nanjing For Univ(Nat Sci),2016,40(2):71–75.Doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.02.012.(in Chinese)
[22]HOLTTUM R E.The classification of Malayan bamboos[J].J Arn Arb,1946,27(4):340–346.
[23]HOLTTUM R E.The classification of Bamboos[J].Phytomorphology,1956,6:73–90.
[24]LIN S Y,FAN T T,JIANG M Y,et al.The revision of scientific names for three dwarf bamboo species(cultivar)based on the floral morphology[J].J Nanjing For Univ(Nat Sci),2017,41(1):189–193.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2017.01.029.(in Chinese)
[25]YANG H Y.Rice Reproductive Biology[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2005:19–69.(in Chinese)
[26]LI J.Studies on the reproductive biology of Bambusa multiplex[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2013:1–67.(in Chinese)
[27]WANG Y Y,TIAN H Q.Development and function of the synergid cell of angiosperms[J].Chin Bull Bot,2009,44(4):506–514.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2009.04.013.(in Chinese)
[28]YANG W C,SHI D Q.Research advances in plant female gametogenesis[J].Chin Bull Bot,2007,24(3):302–310.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2007.03.006.(in Chinese)
[29]YUAN X L.Studies on florescence biological characteristics and flower developmental anatomy of Phyllostachys praecox[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Agricultural and Forest University,2007:1–52.(in Chinese)
[30]LIN S Y,LI J,ZHAO R,et al.The development of flowering bud differentiation and male gametophyte of Bambusa multiplex[J].J Nanjing For Univ(Nat Sci),2015,39(4):51–56.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2015.04.009.(in Chinese)
[2]HU C H,YU F G,PANG Y J.Observation and study on embryology of Chimonobambusa marmoreal[J].J Bamboo Res,1994,13(4):6–13,69.(in Chinese)
[3]PANG Y J,YU F G,HU C H,et al.Preliminary observation on abnormal development of the stamens of Drepanostachyum microphyllum[J].J Bamboo Res,1994,13(4):42–46.(in Chinese)
[4]WANG S G,PU X L,DING Y L.The structures of reproductive organs and development of the female and male gametophyte of Dendrocalamus sinicus[J].Bull Bot Res,2006,26(3):270–274.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5102.2006.03.006.(in Chinese)
[5]HUANG J Q,HUANG H H,HE F J,et al.The Formation of microspore and the development of male gametophyte of Phyllostachys praecox[J].J Bamboo Res,1999,18(3):55–58.(in Chinese)
[6]LIN S Y,HAO J J,XIN H,et al.The megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis and the development of their female and male gametophyte in Menstruocalamus sichuanensis[J].J Nanjing For Univ(Nat Sci),2009,33(3):9–12.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2009.03.003.(in Chinese)
[7]LIN S Y.Studies on the reproductive biology of Shibataea chinensis and Arundinaria simonii f.albostriatus[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2009:1–125.doi:10.7666/d.y1645758.(in Chinese)
[8]LIN S Y,DING Y L.Development of the male and female gametophytes in Shibataea chinensis(Bambusoideae)[J].Acta Bot BorealiOccid Sin,2012,32(5):907–914.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4025.2012.05.010.(in Chinese)
[9]LIN S Y,DING Y L.Observations on megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis and development of the male and female gametophytes of Arundinaria simonii f.heterophylla[J].Sci Silv Sin,2013,49(8):168–175.doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20130824.
[10]YUAN J L,GUO G P,YUE J J,et al.Features of DNA Methylation during the flowering process of Bambusa multiplex[J].Acta Bot Boreali-Occid Sin,2012,32(1):60–66.(in Chinese)
[11]HUANG C Q,HUANG T,LIU W,et al.The determination of frost resistance of 20 kinds of ornamental cluster bamboo[J].J Hunan City Univ(Nat Sci),2013,22(2):59–62.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7304.2013.02.016.(in Chinese)
[12]YUAN J L,GU X P,YUE J J,et al.Flowering biology and crossing of Bambusa multiplex[J].Sci Silv Sin,2011,47(8):61–66.doi:10.11707/j.1001-7488.20110810.(in Chinese)
[13]YUAN J L,YUE J J,WU X L,et al.Medium optimization for callus proliferation of Bambusa multiplex[J].Bull Bot Res,2010,30(5):562–567.(in Chinese)
[14]YUAN J L,Gu X P,Li L B,et al.Callus induction and plantlet regeneration of Bambusa multiplex[J].Sci Silv Sin,2009,45(3):35–39.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7488.2009.03.007.(in Chinese)
[15]Mc CLURE F A.HONG X X,translated.Reproductive phase of bamboos,Volume 1[J].J Bamboo Res,1982,1(2):104–116.(in Chinese)
[16]Mc CLURE F A.HONG X X,translated.Reproductive phase of bamboos,Volume 2[J].J Bamboo Res,1983,2(2):119–136.(in Chinese)
[17]YUAN X L,LIN X C,LIN R,et al.Advances in the studies of bamboo flowering[J].J Bamboo Res,2007,26(1):6–9,14.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6567.2007.01.002.(in Chinese)
[18]LI Z L.Botanical Microtechnique[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press,1987:1–170.(in Chinese)
[19]GERSTERBERGER P,LEINS P.Rasterelektronenmikroskopische untersuchungen an blütenknospen von Physalis philadelphica(Solanaceae)[J].Plant Biol,1978,91(1):381–387.doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1978.tb03660.x.
[20]WANG Y J,LUO J,CHEN N N,et al.Floral Morphology and Development of Female and Male Gametophyte of Bambusa intermedia Hsueh et Yi[J].Bull Bot Res.,2017,37(4):492–498.doi:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2017.04.002.(in Chinese)
[21]TANG G J,YANG J M,DING Y L,et al.,Studies on the flower morphology and structure in Bambusa eutuldoides Mc Clure var.viridivittata(W.T.Lin)Chia[J].J Nanjing For Univ(Nat Sci),2016,40(2):71–75.Doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2016.02.012.(in Chinese)
[22]HOLTTUM R E.The classification of Malayan bamboos[J].J Arn Arb,1946,27(4):340–346.
[23]HOLTTUM R E.The classification of Bamboos[J].Phytomorphology,1956,6:73–90.
[24]LIN S Y,FAN T T,JIANG M Y,et al.The revision of scientific names for three dwarf bamboo species(cultivar)based on the floral morphology[J].J Nanjing For Univ(Nat Sci),2017,41(1):189–193.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2017.01.029.(in Chinese)
[25]YANG H Y.Rice Reproductive Biology[M].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press,2005:19–69.(in Chinese)
[26]LI J.Studies on the reproductive biology of Bambusa multiplex[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2013:1–67.(in Chinese)
[27]WANG Y Y,TIAN H Q.Development and function of the synergid cell of angiosperms[J].Chin Bull Bot,2009,44(4):506–514.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2009.04.013.(in Chinese)
[28]YANG W C,SHI D Q.Research advances in plant female gametogenesis[J].Chin Bull Bot,2007,24(3):302–310.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-3466.2007.03.006.(in Chinese)
[29]YUAN X L.Studies on florescence biological characteristics and flower developmental anatomy of Phyllostachys praecox[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Agricultural and Forest University,2007:1–52.(in Chinese)
[30]LIN S Y,LI J,ZHAO R,et al.The development of flowering bud differentiation and male gametophyte of Bambusa multiplex[J].J Nanjing For Univ(Nat Sci),2015,39(4):51–56.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2015.04.009.(in Chinese)