带状采伐毛竹林恢复的质量特征研究
|
摘要
以安徽省黄山区毛竹林样地内2018年春笋和新竹为研究对象,以传统择伐林为对照(CK),设置4个梯度的采伐强度,分别为3 m采伐带(D1)、6 m采伐带(D2)、9 m采伐带(D3)和12 m采伐带(D4),分析带状采伐后毛竹林主要生产力指标(春笋数量、新竹数量、胸径和生物量等)的差异,探讨不同强度带状采伐方式对毛竹林恢复更新的影响程度,为毛竹林合理带状采伐提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)4种带状采伐处理单位面积发笋数量均大于对照,且随采伐强度增加,单位面积发笋数量呈现增加的趋势;较高采伐强度(9 m和12 m采伐带)下单位面积退笋数量和退笋率比采伐强度较低处理(3 m和6 m采伐带)和CK更低;单位面积成竹数量和成竹率以较高采伐强度(9 m和12 m采伐带)处理下相对较高。(2)4种带状采伐处理的新竹平均胸径均小于对照,较高采伐强度(9 m和12 m采伐带)下新竹平均胸径显著小于母竹,林地中小径级新竹比例增加,且新竹胸径与采伐带边距呈负相关关系。(3)4种带状采伐处理下单位面积新竹地上生物量均小于对照,表现为CK>D3>D4>D2>D1。研究认为,毛竹林恢复的质量特征对不同强度带状采伐措施存在响应差异, 6～9 m采伐带的毛竹林恢复能力较强,但毛竹林带状采伐后恢复是一个周期性过程,需要综合考虑不同强度带状采伐措施对新竹质量影响的长期效应。
In November 2017, we designed 5 treatments under different strip clearcutting in Moso bamboo forests in Huangshan District of Anhui Province, including the contrast(CK), 3 m logging strip(D1), 6 m logging strip(D2), 9 m logging strip(D3) and 12 m logging strip(D4). We investigated several indexes of spring shoot and new bamboo in 2018, mainly including the number of spring shoot and new bamboo, the diameter of breast height(DBH) of new bamboo and the biomass of new bamboo. We discussed the effects of different strip clearcutting measures on Moso bamboo forest restoration in order to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable logging widths of strip clearcutting of Moso bamboo forests.(1) The number of spring shoot per hectare in four logging treatments was larger than that of CK, and it increased with the increase of logging intensity. The number and rate of degraded shoot per hectare in treatments with higher intensity(9 m and 12 m logging strips) was lower than that of treatments with lower intensity(3 m and 6 m logging strips) and CK.(2) The mean DBH of new bamboo in four logging treatments were lower than that of CK, and the mean DBH of new bamboo in treatments with higher intensity(9 m and 12 m logging strips) was significantly lower than that of mother bamboo, and it was negatively correlated with logging strip margin. The proportions of new bamboo with small and medium DBH were increased in treatments with higher intensity(9 m and 12 m logging strips).(3) The biomass of aboveground per hectare of new bamboo in four logging treatments were lower than that of CK, following the order of CK, D3, D4, D2, and D1, respectively. There are different responses to different strip clearcutting measures on qualitative characteristics in Moso bamboo forests. In conclusion, the recovery ability of spring shoot and new bamboo in 6-9 m logging strips is better. However, the recovery of Moso bamboo forest after strip clearcutting is a periodic process, and it is necessary to consider the long-term effects of different logging intensity on the quality of new bamboo.
In November 2017, we designed 5 treatments under different strip clearcutting in Moso bamboo forests in Huangshan District of Anhui Province, including the contrast(CK), 3 m logging strip(D1), 6 m logging strip(D2), 9 m logging strip(D3) and 12 m logging strip(D4). We investigated several indexes of spring shoot and new bamboo in 2018, mainly including the number of spring shoot and new bamboo, the diameter of breast height(DBH) of new bamboo and the biomass of new bamboo. We discussed the effects of different strip clearcutting measures on Moso bamboo forest restoration in order to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and reasonable logging widths of strip clearcutting of Moso bamboo forests.(1) The number of spring shoot per hectare in four logging treatments was larger than that of CK, and it increased with the increase of logging intensity. The number and rate of degraded shoot per hectare in treatments with higher intensity(9 m and 12 m logging strips) was lower than that of treatments with lower intensity(3 m and 6 m logging strips) and CK.(2) The mean DBH of new bamboo in four logging treatments were lower than that of CK, and the mean DBH of new bamboo in treatments with higher intensity(9 m and 12 m logging strips) was significantly lower than that of mother bamboo, and it was negatively correlated with logging strip margin. The proportions of new bamboo with small and medium DBH were increased in treatments with higher intensity(9 m and 12 m logging strips).(3) The biomass of aboveground per hectare of new bamboo in four logging treatments were lower than that of CK, following the order of CK, D3, D4, D2, and D1, respectively. There are different responses to different strip clearcutting measures on qualitative characteristics in Moso bamboo forests. In conclusion, the recovery ability of spring shoot and new bamboo in 6-9 m logging strips is better. However, the recovery of Moso bamboo forest after strip clearcutting is a periodic process, and it is necessary to consider the long-term effects of different logging intensity on the quality of new bamboo.
引文
[1] 江泽慧.世界竹藤[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002.
[2] LIESE W,K?HL M.Bamboo-The Plant and Its Uses[M].Springer,2015.
[3] 国家林业局.第八次全国森林资源清查结果[J].林业资源管理,2014,(1):1-2.SFA.Results of the eighth national forest resources inventory[J].Forest Resources Management,2014,(1):1-2.
[4] 刘仕咄,谢乔武.毛竹的生长特性与竹林采伐[J].湖南林业,2009,(5):26-27.LIU S D,XIE Q W.Growth characteristics of Phyllostachys edulis and logging of Moso bamboo forest[J].Hunan Linye,2009,(5):26-27.
[5] 孙正军,费本华.中国竹产业发展的机遇与挑战[J].世界竹藤通讯,2019,(1):1-5.SUN Z J,FEI B H.Opportunities and challenges for the develpoment of bamboo industry in China[J].World Bamboo and Rattan,2019,(1):1-5.
[6] 庄明浩,李迎春,陈双林,等.竹子生理整合作用的生态学意义及研究进展[J].竹子研究汇刊,2011,30(2):5-9.ZHUANG M H,LI Y C,CHEN S L,et al.Advances in the researches of bamboo physiological integration and its ecological significance[J].Journal of Bamboo Research,2011,30(2):5-9.
[7] 盛丽娟,李德志,朱志玲,等.克隆植物的碳素生理整合及其生态学效应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(6):888-894.SHENG L J,LI D Z,ZHU Z L,et al.Carbon physiological integration in clonal plants and its ecological effects[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2007,13(6):888-894.
[8] 朱志玲,李德志,王绪平,等.克隆植物的水分生理整合及其生态效应[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(12):2 602-2 614.ZHU Z L,LI D Z,WANG X P,et al.Water physiology integration and its ecological effect of clonal plants[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2006,26(12):2 602-2 614.
[9] 曾令志.毛竹采伐讲究“度”[J].湖南林业,2008,(10):27.ZENG L Z.The harvesting of Phyllostachys edulis depends on ‘Du’[J].Hunan Linye,2008,(10):27.
[10] K?HLER P,HUTH A.Impacts of recruitment limitation and canopy disturbance on tropical tree species richness[J].Ecological Modelling,2007,203(3):511-517.
[11] MCDONALD R I,MOTZKIN G,FOSTER D R.The effect of logging on vegetation composition in Western Massachusetts[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255(12):4 021-4 031.
[12] OKUDA T,SUZUKI M,et al.Effect of selective logging on canopy and stand structure and tree species composition in a lowland dipterocarp forest in peninsular Malaysia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2003,175(2 003):297-320.
[13] 刘庆,钟章成.斑苦竹无性系种群克隆繁殖的动态与调节研究[J].植物研究,1996,16(2):228-234.LIU Q,ZHONG Z C.Studies on dynamics and regulation of propagative module of Pleioblastus maculata clone population[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,1996,16(2):228-234.
[14] 罗学刚,董鸣.蛇莓克隆构型对光照强度的可塑性反应[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(4):494-497.LUO X G,DONG M.Architectural plasticity in response to light intensity in the stoloniferous herb,Duchesnea indica Focke[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2001,25(4):494-497.
[15] MCNAUGHTON S J.Compensatory plant growth as a response to herbivory[J].Oikos,1983,40(3):329-336.
[16] JOSé MARTíN VáZQUEZ-LóPEZ,VIBRANS H,EDMUNDO GARCíA-MOYA,et al.Effects of harvesting on the structure of a neotropical woody bamboo (Otatea:Guaduinae) populations[J].Interciencia,2004,29(4):207-211.
[17] UEDA K,HASHIMOTO E,WATANABE M.On the Influence of the clear cutting of mature culms upon the growth of new culms and rhizomes[J].Bulletin of The Kyoto University Forests,1960,29:129-139.
[18] 王龙凤,范承芳,梁宽,等.基于克隆整合特性的劳动节约型竹林采伐新模式探索[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(6):1 110-1 118.WANG L F,FAN C F,LIANG K,et al.An approach to a labor-saving cutting model for bamboo forest management,a study based on clonal integration[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitis Jiangxiensis,2016,38(6):1 110-1 118.
[19] 王仁,陳財輝,陳信佑,等.孟宗竹林伐採後二年間地上部生物量與碳吸存量動態[J].林業研究季刊,2010,32(3):35-44.WANG R,CHEN C H,CHEN X Y,et al.Estimating aboveground biomass and carbon sequestration of Moso bamboo grown under selection cutting after two years[J].Quarterly Journal of Forest Research,2010,32(3):35-44.
[20] SHI D,LEBOVKA I,LóPEZ-SALMERóN V,et al.Bifacial cambium stem cells generate xylem and phloem during radial plant growth[J].Development,2019,146(1):1-8.
[21] KARIUKI M,KOOYMAN R M,SMITH R G B,et al.Regeneration changes in tree species abundance,diversity and structure in logged and unlogged subtropical rainforest over a 36-year period[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006,236(2 006):162-176.
[22] ELLIOTT K J,KNOEPP J D.The effects of three regeneration harvest methods on plant diversity and soil characteristics in the southern Appalachians[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,211(3):296-317.
[23] 张莹,田埂,路慧萍,等.厚壁毛竹六个节气笋芽发育的转录组分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2015,(3):466-474.ZHANG Y,TIAN G,LU H P,et al.Transcriptome characterization of Phyllostachys edulis ‘Pachyloen’ shoots in different solar terms[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitis Jiangxiensis,2015,(3):466-474.
[24] 施建敏,叶学华,陈伏生,等.竹类植物对异质生境的适应——表型可塑性[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5 687-5 695.SHI J M,YE X H,CHEN F S,et al.Adaptation of bamboo to heterogeneous habitat:phenotypic plasticity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(20):5 687-5 695.
[25] SONG X Z,PENG C H,ZHOU G M,et al.Dynamic allocation and transfer of non-structural carbohydrates,a possible mechanism for the explosive growth of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla)[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:25 908.
[26] KODANI J,ESAKI K.Effect of the duration of abandonment on development of understory vegetation in bamboo forests[J].Japanese Journal of Forest Environment,2012,54(1):19-28.
[27] 王敏,贺红士,梁宇,等.采伐强度对长白山森林地上生物量和景观格局的长期影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2 581-2 587.WANG M,HE H S,LIANG Y,et al.Long-term effects of harvest intensity on forest above-ground biomass and landscape pattern of Changbai Mountain[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(10):2 581-2 587.
[28] 董希斌,王立海.采伐强度对林分蓄积生长量与更新影响的研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(6):122-125.DONG X B,WANG L H.Impacts of cutting intensity on volume increment and regeneration of different forests[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(6):122-125.
[29] ZHANG H X,ZHUANG S Y,SUN B,et al.Estimation of biomass and carbon storage of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houz.) in southern China using a diameter-age bivariate distribution model[J].Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research,2014,87(5):674-682.
[2] LIESE W,K?HL M.Bamboo-The Plant and Its Uses[M].Springer,2015.
[3] 国家林业局.第八次全国森林资源清查结果[J].林业资源管理,2014,(1):1-2.SFA.Results of the eighth national forest resources inventory[J].Forest Resources Management,2014,(1):1-2.
[4] 刘仕咄,谢乔武.毛竹的生长特性与竹林采伐[J].湖南林业,2009,(5):26-27.LIU S D,XIE Q W.Growth characteristics of Phyllostachys edulis and logging of Moso bamboo forest[J].Hunan Linye,2009,(5):26-27.
[5] 孙正军,费本华.中国竹产业发展的机遇与挑战[J].世界竹藤通讯,2019,(1):1-5.SUN Z J,FEI B H.Opportunities and challenges for the develpoment of bamboo industry in China[J].World Bamboo and Rattan,2019,(1):1-5.
[6] 庄明浩,李迎春,陈双林,等.竹子生理整合作用的生态学意义及研究进展[J].竹子研究汇刊,2011,30(2):5-9.ZHUANG M H,LI Y C,CHEN S L,et al.Advances in the researches of bamboo physiological integration and its ecological significance[J].Journal of Bamboo Research,2011,30(2):5-9.
[7] 盛丽娟,李德志,朱志玲,等.克隆植物的碳素生理整合及其生态学效应[J].应用与环境生物学报,2007,13(6):888-894.SHENG L J,LI D Z,ZHU Z L,et al.Carbon physiological integration in clonal plants and its ecological effects[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2007,13(6):888-894.
[8] 朱志玲,李德志,王绪平,等.克隆植物的水分生理整合及其生态效应[J].西北植物学报,2006,26(12):2 602-2 614.ZHU Z L,LI D Z,WANG X P,et al.Water physiology integration and its ecological effect of clonal plants[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2006,26(12):2 602-2 614.
[9] 曾令志.毛竹采伐讲究“度”[J].湖南林业,2008,(10):27.ZENG L Z.The harvesting of Phyllostachys edulis depends on ‘Du’[J].Hunan Linye,2008,(10):27.
[10] K?HLER P,HUTH A.Impacts of recruitment limitation and canopy disturbance on tropical tree species richness[J].Ecological Modelling,2007,203(3):511-517.
[11] MCDONALD R I,MOTZKIN G,FOSTER D R.The effect of logging on vegetation composition in Western Massachusetts[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2008,255(12):4 021-4 031.
[12] OKUDA T,SUZUKI M,et al.Effect of selective logging on canopy and stand structure and tree species composition in a lowland dipterocarp forest in peninsular Malaysia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2003,175(2 003):297-320.
[13] 刘庆,钟章成.斑苦竹无性系种群克隆繁殖的动态与调节研究[J].植物研究,1996,16(2):228-234.LIU Q,ZHONG Z C.Studies on dynamics and regulation of propagative module of Pleioblastus maculata clone population[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,1996,16(2):228-234.
[14] 罗学刚,董鸣.蛇莓克隆构型对光照强度的可塑性反应[J].植物生态学报,2001,25(4):494-497.LUO X G,DONG M.Architectural plasticity in response to light intensity in the stoloniferous herb,Duchesnea indica Focke[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2001,25(4):494-497.
[15] MCNAUGHTON S J.Compensatory plant growth as a response to herbivory[J].Oikos,1983,40(3):329-336.
[16] JOSé MARTíN VáZQUEZ-LóPEZ,VIBRANS H,EDMUNDO GARCíA-MOYA,et al.Effects of harvesting on the structure of a neotropical woody bamboo (Otatea:Guaduinae) populations[J].Interciencia,2004,29(4):207-211.
[17] UEDA K,HASHIMOTO E,WATANABE M.On the Influence of the clear cutting of mature culms upon the growth of new culms and rhizomes[J].Bulletin of The Kyoto University Forests,1960,29:129-139.
[18] 王龙凤,范承芳,梁宽,等.基于克隆整合特性的劳动节约型竹林采伐新模式探索[J].江西农业大学学报,2016,38(6):1 110-1 118.WANG L F,FAN C F,LIANG K,et al.An approach to a labor-saving cutting model for bamboo forest management,a study based on clonal integration[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitis Jiangxiensis,2016,38(6):1 110-1 118.
[19] 王仁,陳財輝,陳信佑,等.孟宗竹林伐採後二年間地上部生物量與碳吸存量動態[J].林業研究季刊,2010,32(3):35-44.WANG R,CHEN C H,CHEN X Y,et al.Estimating aboveground biomass and carbon sequestration of Moso bamboo grown under selection cutting after two years[J].Quarterly Journal of Forest Research,2010,32(3):35-44.
[20] SHI D,LEBOVKA I,LóPEZ-SALMERóN V,et al.Bifacial cambium stem cells generate xylem and phloem during radial plant growth[J].Development,2019,146(1):1-8.
[21] KARIUKI M,KOOYMAN R M,SMITH R G B,et al.Regeneration changes in tree species abundance,diversity and structure in logged and unlogged subtropical rainforest over a 36-year period[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2006,236(2 006):162-176.
[22] ELLIOTT K J,KNOEPP J D.The effects of three regeneration harvest methods on plant diversity and soil characteristics in the southern Appalachians[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,211(3):296-317.
[23] 张莹,田埂,路慧萍,等.厚壁毛竹六个节气笋芽发育的转录组分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2015,(3):466-474.ZHANG Y,TIAN G,LU H P,et al.Transcriptome characterization of Phyllostachys edulis ‘Pachyloen’ shoots in different solar terms[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitis Jiangxiensis,2015,(3):466-474.
[24] 施建敏,叶学华,陈伏生,等.竹类植物对异质生境的适应——表型可塑性[J].生态学报,2014,34(20):5 687-5 695.SHI J M,YE X H,CHEN F S,et al.Adaptation of bamboo to heterogeneous habitat:phenotypic plasticity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(20):5 687-5 695.
[25] SONG X Z,PENG C H,ZHOU G M,et al.Dynamic allocation and transfer of non-structural carbohydrates,a possible mechanism for the explosive growth of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycla)[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:25 908.
[26] KODANI J,ESAKI K.Effect of the duration of abandonment on development of understory vegetation in bamboo forests[J].Japanese Journal of Forest Environment,2012,54(1):19-28.
[27] 王敏,贺红士,梁宇,等.采伐强度对长白山森林地上生物量和景观格局的长期影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2 581-2 587.WANG M,HE H S,LIANG Y,et al.Long-term effects of harvest intensity on forest above-ground biomass and landscape pattern of Changbai Mountain[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(10):2 581-2 587.
[28] 董希斌,王立海.采伐强度对林分蓄积生长量与更新影响的研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(6):122-125.DONG X B,WANG L H.Impacts of cutting intensity on volume increment and regeneration of different forests[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(6):122-125.
[29] ZHANG H X,ZHUANG S Y,SUN B,et al.Estimation of biomass and carbon storage of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel ex Houz.) in southern China using a diameter-age bivariate distribution model[J].Forestry An International Journal of Forest Research,2014,87(5):674-682.