大麦地方品种苗期耐低氮筛选和鉴定指标的研究
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摘要
为了挖掘耐低氮大麦种质资源。采用水培试验,设正常供氮和低氮胁迫2个处理,通过根长、株高、分蘖数和干质量等指标对19份大麦地方品种的耐低氮特性进行筛选和鉴定。方差分析表明,各性状在不同供氮水平和品种间均有极显著差异,并且供氮水平和品种间的互作作用达到极显著水平,表明低氮胁迫水平设置合理,各品种也表现出对低氮胁迫反应不同。变异分析表明,2种供氮条件下大麦的分蘖数和干质量变异系数均较大,说明这些指标在品种间的差异明显,较适合作为耐低氮筛选指标,而株高性状受基因型差异的影响较小,不适合作为耐低氮品种筛选指标。相关性分析表明,正常供氮条件下,大麦干质量与其他指标均呈极显著正相关,低氮胁迫下,也表现出了相似的趋势,只是相关性程度有所下降,并且地上部干质量与根长、分蘖数仅呈显著正相关关系。鉴于生物量在耐低氮鉴定评价中的重要作用,对低氮胁迫和正常供氮条件下大麦的地上部干质量进一步进行比较,t测验表明,大麦品种B929、B942、B945、B968和B974在正常供氮和低氮胁迫间地上部干质量无明显差异,说明这5个大麦品种具有较强的耐低氮能力,同时该判断标准也弥补了仅利用相对值来判断耐低氮性的不足。另外,研究大麦地上部干质量指标和氮素吸收利用相关指标在耐低氮中的关系,发现同时考虑氮素吸收和利用相关性状才可能对大麦品种耐低氮性进行判断。
To obtain the barley germplasms with low nitrogen tolerance for breeding,19 barley landraces from Shanghai region were selected to screen and identify the low nitrogen tolerance. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the low nitrogen tolerance of barley at seedling stage under two environments of normal nitrogen supply and low nitrogen stress,taking root length,plant height,tiller number,root dry weight and shoot dry weight as the evaluating indices. The ANOVA analysis showed that there were extremely significant differences between the two nitrogen supply levels and among different barley landraces,and there were also extremely significant interactions between nitrogen levels and barley landraces. The coefficient of variation indicated that the tiller number and dry weights had high variation coefficients and were more suitable for screening barley landraces with low nitrogen tolerance,while the plant height had low variation coefficient and was not a suitable screening index. The correlation analysis suggested that there were extremely significantly positive correlations between dry weight and other indices under normal nitrogen supply,and the trend was similar under low nitrogen stress though its correlation was some lower. Based on the importance of biomass for low nitrogen tolerance evaluation,we further compared shoot dry weight between normal nitrogen supply and low nitrogen stress,and the t-test revealed that five barley landraces( B929,B942,B945,B968 and B974) had the low nitrogen tolerance,meanwhile this criterion was more precise for evaluation of low nitrogen tolerance than the relative value. Furthermore,we investigated the correlations between shoot dry weight and nitrogen uptake or utilization related traits,and found that the latter two traits should be considered together for evaluation of low nitrogen tolerance in barley.
To obtain the barley germplasms with low nitrogen tolerance for breeding,19 barley landraces from Shanghai region were selected to screen and identify the low nitrogen tolerance. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate the low nitrogen tolerance of barley at seedling stage under two environments of normal nitrogen supply and low nitrogen stress,taking root length,plant height,tiller number,root dry weight and shoot dry weight as the evaluating indices. The ANOVA analysis showed that there were extremely significant differences between the two nitrogen supply levels and among different barley landraces,and there were also extremely significant interactions between nitrogen levels and barley landraces. The coefficient of variation indicated that the tiller number and dry weights had high variation coefficients and were more suitable for screening barley landraces with low nitrogen tolerance,while the plant height had low variation coefficient and was not a suitable screening index. The correlation analysis suggested that there were extremely significantly positive correlations between dry weight and other indices under normal nitrogen supply,and the trend was similar under low nitrogen stress though its correlation was some lower. Based on the importance of biomass for low nitrogen tolerance evaluation,we further compared shoot dry weight between normal nitrogen supply and low nitrogen stress,and the t-test revealed that five barley landraces( B929,B942,B945,B968 and B974) had the low nitrogen tolerance,meanwhile this criterion was more precise for evaluation of low nitrogen tolerance than the relative value. Furthermore,we investigated the correlations between shoot dry weight and nitrogen uptake or utilization related traits,and found that the latter two traits should be considered together for evaluation of low nitrogen tolerance in barley.
引文
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[6]李强,马晓君,程秋博,豆攀,余东海,罗延宏,孔凡磊,袁继超.氮肥对不同耐低氮性玉米品种氮素吸收利用及氮素平衡的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):171-176,183. doi:10. 13870/j. cnki. stbcxb.2016. 03. 030.Li Q,Ma X J,Cheng Q B,Dou P,Yu D H,Luo Y H,Kong F L,Yuan J C. effects of nitrogen application onnitrogen utilization and nitrogen balance in fields of maizecultivars with different low nitrogen tolerance[J]. Journalof Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(3):171-176,183. doi:10. 13870/j. cnki. stbcxb. 2016. 03. 030.
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[8] Chen Z W,Lu R J,Zou L,Du Z Z,Gao R H,He T,Huang J H. Genetic diversity analysis of barley landracesand cultivars in the Shanghai region of China[J]. Genet-ics and Molecular Research,2012,11(1):644-650.doi:10. 4238/2012. March. 16. 2.
[9]陈志伟,邹磊,陆瑞菊,王亦菲,何婷,杜志钊,张艳敏,黄剑华.不同基因型大麦苗期耐低氮性状与产量性状的相关性[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(1):158-162. doi:10. 7606/j. issn. 1009-1041. 2010. 01. 031.Chen Z W,Zou L,Lu R J,Wang Y F,He T,Du Z Z,Zhang Y M,Huang J H. Study on the relationship be-tween the traits for Low-Nitrogen tolerance of differentbarley genotypes at seedling stage and grain yield[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2010,30(1):158-162.doi:10. 7606/j. issn. 1009-1041. 2010. 01. 031.
[10]陈志伟,何婷,陆瑞菊,王亦菲,邹磊,杜志钊,单丽丽,何烨,黄剑华.不同基因型大麦苗期对低氮胁迫的生物学响应[J].上海农业学报,2010,26(1):28-32. doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 1000-3924. 2010. 01.008.Chen Z W,He T,Lu R J,Wang Y F,Zou L,Du Z Z,Shan L L,He Y,Huang J H. Biological responses ofDifferent-genotype barleys to low nitrogen stress at seed-ling stage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2010,26(1):28-32. doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 1000-3924. 2010.01. 008.
[11]姚立蓉,谢蕾蕾,强欣,汪军成,司二静,任盼荣,赵向田,李葆春,马小乐,孟亚雄,王化俊.大麦不同氮利用效率品种筛选及GS2基因的表达分析[J].核农学报,2017,31(7):1255-1262. doi:10.11869/j. issn. 100-8551. 2017. 07. 1255.Yao L R,Xie L L,Qiang X,Wang J C,Si E J,Ren PR,Zhao X T,Li B C,Ma X L,Meng Y X,Wang H J.Cultivar selection of different nitrogen use efficiency andexpression analysis of GS2 gene in barley[J]. Journal ofNuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(7):1255-1262. doi:10. 11869/j. issn. 100-8551. 2017. 07. 1255.
[12]马建华,孙毅,王玉国,张瑾华.不同氮浓度对高粱幼苗形态及生理特征的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(1):233-238. doi:10. 7668/hbnxb. 2015.01. 039.Ma J H,Sun Y,Wang Y G,Zhang J H. Effects of dif-ferent nitrogen concentration on the morphologies andphysiological indices of sorghum seedlings[J]. Acta Ag-riculturae Boreali-Sinica,2015,30(1):233-238. doi:10. 7668/hbnxb. 2015. 01. 039.
[13] Chen Z,Liu C,Wang Y,He T,Gao R,Xu H,GuoG,Li Y,Zhou L,Lu R,Huang J. Expression analysisof nitrogen Metabolism-related genes reveals differencesin adaptation to Low-nitrogen stress between two differentbarley cultivars at seedling stage[J]. International Jour-nal of Genomics,2018,2018:8152860. doi:10. 1155/2018/8152860.
[14] Yang L,Hu H,Zhu B,Jin X,Wu F,Zhang G. Geno-typic variations of N use efficiency in Tibetan wild andcultivated barleys[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University,2014,40(2):155-164.
[15]赵化田,王瑞芳,许云峰,安调过.小麦苗期耐低氮基因型的筛选与评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):1199-1204. doi:10. 3724/SP. J. 1011.2011. 01199.Zhao H T,Wang R F,Xu Y F,An D G. Screening andevaluating low nitrogen tolerant wheat genotype at seed-ling stage[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,2011,19(5):1199-1204. doi:10. 3724/SP. J. 1011.2011. 01199.
[16]裴雪霞,王姣爱,党建友,张定一.耐低氮小麦基因型筛选指标的研究[J].小麦研究,2007,13(2):1-6. doi:10. 11674/zwyf. 2007. 0116.Pei X X,Wang J A,Dang J Y,Zhang D Y. The studyof indices of screening low nitrogen tolerant wheat geno-types[J]. Journal of Wheat Research,2007,13(2):1-6. doi:10. 11674/zwyf. 2007. 0116.
[17]童汉华,余新桥,梅捍卫,曹一平,章善庆,罗利军.水稻苗期氮素营养高效基因型的筛选[J].浙江农业科学,2007,1(5):537-541.Tong H H,Yu X Q,Mei H W,Cao Y P,Zhang S Q,Luo L J. Screening high nitrogen use efficiency rice gen-otypes at seedling stage[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agri-cultural Sciences,2007,1(5):537-541.
[18]强欣.大麦不同氮利用效率品种筛选及GS基因的生物信息学分析[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.Qiang X. The varieties screening of nitrogen use effi-ciency in hordeum vulgare and bioinformatics analysis ofGS gene[D]. Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2015
[19] Quan X,Zeng J,Ye L,Chen G,Han Z,Shah J M,Zhang G. Transcriptome profiling analysis for two Tibet-an wild barley genotypes in responses to low nitrogen[J]. BMC Plant Biology,2016,16(1):30. doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0721-8.
[20] Xu G,Fan X,Miller A J. Plant nitrogen assimilationand use efficiency[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology,2012,63(1):153-182. doi:10. 1146/annurev-arplant. 042811-105532.
[21] Han M,Okamoto M,Beatty P H,Rothstein S J,GoodA G. The genetics of nitrogen use efficiency in cropplants[J]. Annual Review of Genetics,2015,49(1):269-289. doi:10. 1146/annurev-genet. 112414-055037.
[22] Kant S. Understanding nitrate uptake,signaling and re-mobilisation for improving plant nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Seminars in Cell&Developmental Biology,2018,74:89-96. doi:10. 1016/j. semcdb. 2017. 08. 034.
[23] Moll R H,Kamprath E J,Jackson W A. Analysis and inter-pretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen-utilization[J]. Agronomy Journal,1982,74(3):562-564.doi:10. 2134/agronj1982. 00021962007400030037x.
[2] Mcallister C H,Beatty P H,Good A G. Engineering ni-trogen use efficient crop plants:the current status[J].Plant Biotechnology Journal,2012,10(9):1011-1025.doi:10. 1111/j. 1467-7652. 2012. 00700. x.
[3] Smith B E. Nitrogenase reveals its inner secrets[J]. Sci-ence,2002,297(5587):1654-1655. doi:10. 1126/sci-ence. 1076659.
[4] Good A G,Beatty P H. Fertilizing nature:a tragedy ofexcess in the Commons[J]. PLo S Biology,2011,9(8):e1001124. doi:10. 1371/journal. pbio. 1001124.
[5]冯云超,余志江,霍仕平,张兴端,张健,晏庆九,向振凡,张芳魁.低氮对不同类型玉米品种籽粒产量与品质的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(S):381-387. doi:10. 7668/hbnxb. 2016. S1. 064.Feng Y C,Yu Z J,Huo S P,Zhang X D,Zhang J,YanQ J,Xiang Z F,Zhang F K. Effects of low nitrogen lev-els on yield and quality for the different types maize varie-ties[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(S):381-387. doi:10. 7668/hbnxb. 2016. S1. 064.
[6]李强,马晓君,程秋博,豆攀,余东海,罗延宏,孔凡磊,袁继超.氮肥对不同耐低氮性玉米品种氮素吸收利用及氮素平衡的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):171-176,183. doi:10. 13870/j. cnki. stbcxb.2016. 03. 030.Li Q,Ma X J,Cheng Q B,Dou P,Yu D H,Luo Y H,Kong F L,Yuan J C. effects of nitrogen application onnitrogen utilization and nitrogen balance in fields of maizecultivars with different low nitrogen tolerance[J]. Journalof Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(3):171-176,183. doi:10. 13870/j. cnki. stbcxb. 2016. 03. 030.
[7]布哈丽且木·阿不力孜,白志刚,黄洁,王奉斌,金千瑜,张均华.氮肥运筹对不同类型水稻产量和氮素吸收的影响[J].中国稻米,2018,24(4):64-67.Bu H Z,Bai Z G,Huang J,Wang F B,Tin Q Y,ZhangJ H. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer mangement on yield andnitrogen uptake of different types of rice[J]. China Rice,2018,24(4):64-67.
[8] Chen Z W,Lu R J,Zou L,Du Z Z,Gao R H,He T,Huang J H. Genetic diversity analysis of barley landracesand cultivars in the Shanghai region of China[J]. Genet-ics and Molecular Research,2012,11(1):644-650.doi:10. 4238/2012. March. 16. 2.
[9]陈志伟,邹磊,陆瑞菊,王亦菲,何婷,杜志钊,张艳敏,黄剑华.不同基因型大麦苗期耐低氮性状与产量性状的相关性[J].麦类作物学报,2010,30(1):158-162. doi:10. 7606/j. issn. 1009-1041. 2010. 01. 031.Chen Z W,Zou L,Lu R J,Wang Y F,He T,Du Z Z,Zhang Y M,Huang J H. Study on the relationship be-tween the traits for Low-Nitrogen tolerance of differentbarley genotypes at seedling stage and grain yield[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2010,30(1):158-162.doi:10. 7606/j. issn. 1009-1041. 2010. 01. 031.
[10]陈志伟,何婷,陆瑞菊,王亦菲,邹磊,杜志钊,单丽丽,何烨,黄剑华.不同基因型大麦苗期对低氮胁迫的生物学响应[J].上海农业学报,2010,26(1):28-32. doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 1000-3924. 2010. 01.008.Chen Z W,He T,Lu R J,Wang Y F,Zou L,Du Z Z,Shan L L,He Y,Huang J H. Biological responses ofDifferent-genotype barleys to low nitrogen stress at seed-ling stage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2010,26(1):28-32. doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 1000-3924. 2010.01. 008.
[11]姚立蓉,谢蕾蕾,强欣,汪军成,司二静,任盼荣,赵向田,李葆春,马小乐,孟亚雄,王化俊.大麦不同氮利用效率品种筛选及GS2基因的表达分析[J].核农学报,2017,31(7):1255-1262. doi:10.11869/j. issn. 100-8551. 2017. 07. 1255.Yao L R,Xie L L,Qiang X,Wang J C,Si E J,Ren PR,Zhao X T,Li B C,Ma X L,Meng Y X,Wang H J.Cultivar selection of different nitrogen use efficiency andexpression analysis of GS2 gene in barley[J]. Journal ofNuclear Agricultural Sciences,2017,31(7):1255-1262. doi:10. 11869/j. issn. 100-8551. 2017. 07. 1255.
[12]马建华,孙毅,王玉国,张瑾华.不同氮浓度对高粱幼苗形态及生理特征的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(1):233-238. doi:10. 7668/hbnxb. 2015.01. 039.Ma J H,Sun Y,Wang Y G,Zhang J H. Effects of dif-ferent nitrogen concentration on the morphologies andphysiological indices of sorghum seedlings[J]. Acta Ag-riculturae Boreali-Sinica,2015,30(1):233-238. doi:10. 7668/hbnxb. 2015. 01. 039.
[13] Chen Z,Liu C,Wang Y,He T,Gao R,Xu H,GuoG,Li Y,Zhou L,Lu R,Huang J. Expression analysisof nitrogen Metabolism-related genes reveals differencesin adaptation to Low-nitrogen stress between two differentbarley cultivars at seedling stage[J]. International Jour-nal of Genomics,2018,2018:8152860. doi:10. 1155/2018/8152860.
[14] Yang L,Hu H,Zhu B,Jin X,Wu F,Zhang G. Geno-typic variations of N use efficiency in Tibetan wild andcultivated barleys[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University,2014,40(2):155-164.
[15]赵化田,王瑞芳,许云峰,安调过.小麦苗期耐低氮基因型的筛选与评价[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):1199-1204. doi:10. 3724/SP. J. 1011.2011. 01199.Zhao H T,Wang R F,Xu Y F,An D G. Screening andevaluating low nitrogen tolerant wheat genotype at seed-ling stage[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,2011,19(5):1199-1204. doi:10. 3724/SP. J. 1011.2011. 01199.
[16]裴雪霞,王姣爱,党建友,张定一.耐低氮小麦基因型筛选指标的研究[J].小麦研究,2007,13(2):1-6. doi:10. 11674/zwyf. 2007. 0116.Pei X X,Wang J A,Dang J Y,Zhang D Y. The studyof indices of screening low nitrogen tolerant wheat geno-types[J]. Journal of Wheat Research,2007,13(2):1-6. doi:10. 11674/zwyf. 2007. 0116.
[17]童汉华,余新桥,梅捍卫,曹一平,章善庆,罗利军.水稻苗期氮素营养高效基因型的筛选[J].浙江农业科学,2007,1(5):537-541.Tong H H,Yu X Q,Mei H W,Cao Y P,Zhang S Q,Luo L J. Screening high nitrogen use efficiency rice gen-otypes at seedling stage[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Agri-cultural Sciences,2007,1(5):537-541.
[18]强欣.大麦不同氮利用效率品种筛选及GS基因的生物信息学分析[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.Qiang X. The varieties screening of nitrogen use effi-ciency in hordeum vulgare and bioinformatics analysis ofGS gene[D]. Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2015
[19] Quan X,Zeng J,Ye L,Chen G,Han Z,Shah J M,Zhang G. Transcriptome profiling analysis for two Tibet-an wild barley genotypes in responses to low nitrogen[J]. BMC Plant Biology,2016,16(1):30. doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0721-8.
[20] Xu G,Fan X,Miller A J. Plant nitrogen assimilationand use efficiency[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology,2012,63(1):153-182. doi:10. 1146/annurev-arplant. 042811-105532.
[21] Han M,Okamoto M,Beatty P H,Rothstein S J,GoodA G. The genetics of nitrogen use efficiency in cropplants[J]. Annual Review of Genetics,2015,49(1):269-289. doi:10. 1146/annurev-genet. 112414-055037.
[22] Kant S. Understanding nitrate uptake,signaling and re-mobilisation for improving plant nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Seminars in Cell&Developmental Biology,2018,74:89-96. doi:10. 1016/j. semcdb. 2017. 08. 034.
[23] Moll R H,Kamprath E J,Jackson W A. Analysis and inter-pretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of nitrogen-utilization[J]. Agronomy Journal,1982,74(3):562-564.doi:10. 2134/agronj1982. 00021962007400030037x.
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