玉米籽粒收获机双层不平行振动筛设计与试验
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摘要
玉米籽粒收获机清选装置大多采用平行安装的双层筛面,为使双层筛的筛分性能最佳,利用偏置曲柄滑块机构设计了一种多自由度双层不平行振动筛驱动机构,利用矩阵法分析获得筛面的运动方程。选取双层筛筛面安装间距、上筛面安装倾角、筛面横向振幅为试验因素,以玉米籽粒损失率、籽粒含杂率为试验指标,设计二次正交旋转组合试验。利用Design-Expert软件对回归数学模型进行多目标优化,当下筛面安装倾角为3. 5°时,机构最优结构参数组合为:筛面前端安装间距292. 99 mm,上筛面安装倾角3. 04°,筛面横向振幅5. 55 mm。基于优化后的参数,调整驱动机构尺寸进行台架试验,玉米脱出物喂入量为5. 05 kg/s时,筛分后的籽粒损失率、籽粒含杂率均值分别为1. 61%、2. 17%,满足玉米收获机械技术标准。相比传统双层平行式平面往复振动筛清选装置,双层不平行振动筛的籽粒损失率平均降低了1. 59个百分点。
Most of cleaning devices in maize harvester are parallel-mounted double screen. In order to improve the screening performance of the double screens,a four DOF double-layer non-parallel vibrating screen mechanism and test bench were designed by using the bias crank slider mechanism. The mathematical model of mechanism motion was obtained by using matrix analysis method. The results showed that the sieve movement was non-harmonic periodic motion. The factors were the installation spacing of double screens,the mounting inclination of upper screen,and the transverse amplitude of screen. The indexes were the loss and impurity rate of maize. The test data were analyzed by the response surface method and the regression mathematical models were multi-objectively optimized by using DesignExpert software. When the mounting inclination of lower screen was 3. 5°,the optimal parameters were the installation spacing of double screens of 292. 99 mm,mounting inclination of upper screen of 3. 04°,and transverse amplitude of screen of 5. 55 mm. Test of driving mechanism size was done based on optimized parameter adjustment. Under the condition of the normal feed quantity of maize mixture of 5. 05 kg/s,the loss rate of grain was 1. 61% and the impurity rate of grain was 2. 17% after screening,which can meet the performance requirement of maize harvester. Compared with the traditional double plane reciprocating vibrating screen cleaning device, the loss rate of grain was reduced by 1. 59 percentage points.
Most of cleaning devices in maize harvester are parallel-mounted double screen. In order to improve the screening performance of the double screens,a four DOF double-layer non-parallel vibrating screen mechanism and test bench were designed by using the bias crank slider mechanism. The mathematical model of mechanism motion was obtained by using matrix analysis method. The results showed that the sieve movement was non-harmonic periodic motion. The factors were the installation spacing of double screens,the mounting inclination of upper screen,and the transverse amplitude of screen. The indexes were the loss and impurity rate of maize. The test data were analyzed by the response surface method and the regression mathematical models were multi-objectively optimized by using DesignExpert software. When the mounting inclination of lower screen was 3. 5°,the optimal parameters were the installation spacing of double screens of 292. 99 mm,mounting inclination of upper screen of 3. 04°,and transverse amplitude of screen of 5. 55 mm. Test of driving mechanism size was done based on optimized parameter adjustment. Under the condition of the normal feed quantity of maize mixture of 5. 05 kg/s,the loss rate of grain was 1. 61% and the impurity rate of grain was 2. 17% after screening,which can meet the performance requirement of maize harvester. Compared with the traditional double plane reciprocating vibrating screen cleaning device, the loss rate of grain was reduced by 1. 59 percentage points.
引文
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[7]王立军,段良坤,郑招辉,等.三移动两转动振动筛驱动机构优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(6):138-145.WANG Lijun,DUAN Liangkun,ZHENG Zhaohui,et al. Optimization and experiment on driving mechanism of vibrating screen with three translations and two rotations[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):138-145. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180616&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 06. 016.(in Chinese)
[8]李菊,曾氢菲,邓嘉鸣,等.多维并联振动筛筛分过程解析与筛面运动形式优选[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):399-407.LI Jü,ZENG Qingfei,DENG Jiaming,et al. Screening process analysis for multi-dimensional parallel vibrating screen and optimization of screen surface movement[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):399-407. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20161154&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 11. 054.(in Chinese)
[9]李耀明,刘晓飞,马征,等.不同支链初始相位的三维并联筛分性能研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):88-95.LI Yaoming,LIU Xiaofei,MA Zheng,et al. Investigation on three-dimensional parallel screening performance based on initial phase of different branches[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):88-95.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170911&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 09. 011.(in Chinese)
[10] PAUL W C,MATTHEW D S. Simulation of particle flows and breakage in crushers using DEM part 1—compression crushers[J]. Minerals Engineering,2015,74:178-197.
[11] MAKINDE O A,RAMATSETSE B I,MPOFU K. Review of vibrating screen development trends:linking the past and the future in mining machinery industries[J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing,2015,145:17-22.
[12] GUNAJI A S,VMURALI M,SANDIP A S. Study and analysis of deck inclination angle on efficiency of vibration screen[J].International Journal of Engineering Development and Research,2016,4(1):631-635.
[13] AKBAR J,VAHID S N. Employing DEM to study the impact of different parameters on the screening efficiency and mesh wear[J]. Powder Technology,2016,297:126-143.
[14]沈惠平,张会芳,张江涛,等.并联运动振动筛的筛分运动规律及其轨迹的研究[J].机械设计,2008,25(12):20-24.SHEN Huiping,ZHANG Huifang,ZHANG Jiangtao,et al. Research on law of screening movement of parallel moving vibration sieve and its track[J]. Journal of Machine Design,2008,25(12):20-24.(in Chinese)
[15]刘初升,赵跃民.弛张筛筛面动态特性及其筛分理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(4):92-96.LIU Chusheng,ZHAO Yuemin. Dynamic characteristics of flip-flow screen and screenings theory[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,1998,23(4):92-96.(in Chinese)
[16] SONG Y,JIANG X H,SONG J,et al. Dynamic analysis of a chaotic vibrating screen[J]. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,2009,1:1525-1531.
[17] JIANG H S,ZHAO Y M,DUAN C L,et al. Dynamic characteristics of an equal-thickness screen with a variable amplitude and screening analysis[J]. Powder Technology,2017,311:239-246.
[18]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[19] WANG L J,DING Z J,MENG S,et al. Kinematics and dynamics of a particle on a non-simple harmonic vibrating screen[J].Particuology,2017,32:167-177.
[20]苏有良.基于最优传动性能设计偏置曲柄滑块机构的研究[J].机械传动,2014,38(3):50-53.
[21]王立军,张传根,丁振军.玉米收获机清选筛体结构优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):108-114.WANG Lijun,ZHANG Chuan'gen,DING Zhenjun. Structure optimization of cleaning screen for maize harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):108-114. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160916&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 09.016.(in Chinese)
[22]金熙哲,王玉新,郭为忠,等.传动角最优的曲柄滑块机构多变量优化设计[J].上海交通大学学报,2007,41(4):561-564.KIM Huichol,WANG Yuxin,GUO Weizhong,et al. Transmission angle-oriented multi-variable optimized design of slidercrank mechanisms[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2007,41(4):561-564.(in Chinese)
[23]王立军,李洋,梁昌,等.贯流风筛清选装置内玉米脱出物运动规律研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):122-127.WANG Lijun,LI Yang,LIANG Chang,et al. Motion law of maize mixture in cross air-and-screen cleaning device[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(9):122-127. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20150918&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2015. 09.018.(in Chinese)
[24]刘晓飞,李耀明,马征,等.三自由度风筛清选试验研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(6):139-144.LIU Xiaofei,LI Yaoming,MA Zheng,et al. Experimental study on 3-DOF air-and-screen cleaning[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(6):139-144.(in Chinese)
[2]鲁云松,朱明,陈海军,等.二自由度振动筛运动学分析及仿真试验[J].华中农业大学学报,2017,36(3):107-112.LU Yunsong,ZHU Ming,CHEN Haijun,et al. Kinematic analyses and simulation of two degree of freedom vibration screen[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2017,36(3):107-112.(in Chinese)
[3]王成军,李耀明,马履中. 3自由度混联振动筛设计[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(增刊):69-73.WANG Chengjun,LI Yaoming,MA Lüzhong. Design of three degree of freedom hybrid vibration screen[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(Supp.):69-73.(in Chinese)
[4]李菊,王增彪,沈惠平,等.凸柱筛面并联振动筛的谷物筛分试验与分析[J].机械设计与研究,2016,32(1):150-154,158.LI Jü,WANG Zengbiao,SHEN Huiping,et al. Experiment and analysis of parallel vibrating screen with convex column screen surface on grain screen[J]. Machine Design and Research,2016,32(1):150-154,158.(in Chinese)
[5]覃玉祝,谢进,陈永,等.混沌振动筛机构的研究[J].机械设计,2011,28(7):17-20.QIN Yuzhu,XIE Jin,CHEN Yong,et al. Research on mechanism of chaotic vibration screen[J]. Journal of Machine Design,2011,28(7):17-20.(in Chinese)
[6]王成军,李耀明,马履中.基于并联机构的多维振动筛分试验台设计[J/OL].农业机械学报,2012,43(4):70-74,112.WANG Chengjun,LI Yaoming,MA Lüzhong. Design of multi-dimensional vibration screening test bench based on parallel mechanism[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(4):70-74,112. http:∥www.j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20120415&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn.1000-1298. 2012. 04. 015.(in Chinese)
[7]王立军,段良坤,郑招辉,等.三移动两转动振动筛驱动机构优化与试验[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(6):138-145.WANG Lijun,DUAN Liangkun,ZHENG Zhaohui,et al. Optimization and experiment on driving mechanism of vibrating screen with three translations and two rotations[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(6):138-145. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20180616&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2018. 06. 016.(in Chinese)
[8]李菊,曾氢菲,邓嘉鸣,等.多维并联振动筛筛分过程解析与筛面运动形式优选[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):399-407.LI Jü,ZENG Qingfei,DENG Jiaming,et al. Screening process analysis for multi-dimensional parallel vibrating screen and optimization of screen surface movement[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):399-407. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20161154&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 11. 054.(in Chinese)
[9]李耀明,刘晓飞,马征,等.不同支链初始相位的三维并联筛分性能研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(9):88-95.LI Yaoming,LIU Xiaofei,MA Zheng,et al. Investigation on three-dimensional parallel screening performance based on initial phase of different branches[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):88-95.http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20170911&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10.6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2017. 09. 011.(in Chinese)
[10] PAUL W C,MATTHEW D S. Simulation of particle flows and breakage in crushers using DEM part 1—compression crushers[J]. Minerals Engineering,2015,74:178-197.
[11] MAKINDE O A,RAMATSETSE B I,MPOFU K. Review of vibrating screen development trends:linking the past and the future in mining machinery industries[J]. International Journal of Mineral Processing,2015,145:17-22.
[12] GUNAJI A S,VMURALI M,SANDIP A S. Study and analysis of deck inclination angle on efficiency of vibration screen[J].International Journal of Engineering Development and Research,2016,4(1):631-635.
[13] AKBAR J,VAHID S N. Employing DEM to study the impact of different parameters on the screening efficiency and mesh wear[J]. Powder Technology,2016,297:126-143.
[14]沈惠平,张会芳,张江涛,等.并联运动振动筛的筛分运动规律及其轨迹的研究[J].机械设计,2008,25(12):20-24.SHEN Huiping,ZHANG Huifang,ZHANG Jiangtao,et al. Research on law of screening movement of parallel moving vibration sieve and its track[J]. Journal of Machine Design,2008,25(12):20-24.(in Chinese)
[15]刘初升,赵跃民.弛张筛筛面动态特性及其筛分理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(4):92-96.LIU Chusheng,ZHAO Yuemin. Dynamic characteristics of flip-flow screen and screenings theory[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,1998,23(4):92-96.(in Chinese)
[16] SONG Y,JIANG X H,SONG J,et al. Dynamic analysis of a chaotic vibrating screen[J]. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,2009,1:1525-1531.
[17] JIANG H S,ZHAO Y M,DUAN C L,et al. Dynamic characteristics of an equal-thickness screen with a variable amplitude and screening analysis[J]. Powder Technology,2017,311:239-246.
[18]中国农业机械化科学研究院.农业机械设计手册[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2007.
[19] WANG L J,DING Z J,MENG S,et al. Kinematics and dynamics of a particle on a non-simple harmonic vibrating screen[J].Particuology,2017,32:167-177.
[20]苏有良.基于最优传动性能设计偏置曲柄滑块机构的研究[J].机械传动,2014,38(3):50-53.
[21]王立军,张传根,丁振军.玉米收获机清选筛体结构优化[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(9):108-114.WANG Lijun,ZHANG Chuan'gen,DING Zhenjun. Structure optimization of cleaning screen for maize harvester[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(9):108-114. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160916&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2016. 09.016.(in Chinese)
[22]金熙哲,王玉新,郭为忠,等.传动角最优的曲柄滑块机构多变量优化设计[J].上海交通大学学报,2007,41(4):561-564.KIM Huichol,WANG Yuxin,GUO Weizhong,et al. Transmission angle-oriented multi-variable optimized design of slidercrank mechanisms[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2007,41(4):561-564.(in Chinese)
[23]王立军,李洋,梁昌,等.贯流风筛清选装置内玉米脱出物运动规律研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):122-127.WANG Lijun,LI Yang,LIANG Chang,et al. Motion law of maize mixture in cross air-and-screen cleaning device[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(9):122-127. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20150918&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298. 2015. 09.018.(in Chinese)
[24]刘晓飞,李耀明,马征,等.三自由度风筛清选试验研究[J].农机化研究,2018,40(6):139-144.LIU Xiaofei,LI Yaoming,MA Zheng,et al. Experimental study on 3-DOF air-and-screen cleaning[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(6):139-144.(in Chinese)