渭河下游河道冲淤变化对洪水演进特性的影响
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摘要
基于三门峡水库建库后渭河下游河道演变及洪水过程实测资料,采用实测资料分析,理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,分析了渭河下游河道发生冲淤变化对洪水特性的影响。结果表明:自水库建成至2003年间,渭河下游河道发生淤积萎缩引起渭河洪水演变特性发生了显著地改变,渭河下游洪水位抬升、洪水传播历时延长以及洪峰削峰率增大,而这些洪水特性也是造成渭河下游河道发生淤积萎缩的主要原因。2003年之后,因渭河下游河道水沙条件的变化,洪水洪峰流量大幅度减小,河道出现冲刷,漫滩流量相较于先前减小,使渭河下游洪水位下降、洪峰传播历时缩短、洪峰削峰率不断减小。
Based on the measured data of the river evolution and the flood process in the Weihe River downstream after the building up of Sanmenxia Reservoir,the impacts of the Weihe River downstream channel sedimentation and shrinkage on flood characteristics were analyzed by combining the measured data analysis,the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation. The results showed that the Weihe River downstream channel sedimentation and shrinkage caused significant changes in the evolution characteristics of the Weihe River flood,resulting in rising the flood level,prolonging the flood peak propagation time and increasing flood peak clipping rate of the Weihe downstream. And those are also the main reason for the Weihe River downstream sedimentation and shrinkage. Due to the change of water-sediment conditions in the Weihe River downstream after 2003,that is,the flood peak discharge significantly decreased and the river channel was flushed,the floodplain discharge decreased compared to the previous. It led to decline in the flood level,shortening in the flood peak propagation time and decrease in peak-clipping rate.
Based on the measured data of the river evolution and the flood process in the Weihe River downstream after the building up of Sanmenxia Reservoir,the impacts of the Weihe River downstream channel sedimentation and shrinkage on flood characteristics were analyzed by combining the measured data analysis,the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation. The results showed that the Weihe River downstream channel sedimentation and shrinkage caused significant changes in the evolution characteristics of the Weihe River flood,resulting in rising the flood level,prolonging the flood peak propagation time and increasing flood peak clipping rate of the Weihe downstream. And those are also the main reason for the Weihe River downstream sedimentation and shrinkage. Due to the change of water-sediment conditions in the Weihe River downstream after 2003,that is,the flood peak discharge significantly decreased and the river channel was flushed,the floodplain discharge decreased compared to the previous. It led to decline in the flood level,shortening in the flood peak propagation time and decrease in peak-clipping rate.
引文
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[18]张洪波,南政年,余荧皓,等.渭河华县段漫滩洪水变异特征及其生态效用探析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2018,16(1):114-121.
[19]张超,伊晓燕,张翠萍.渭河高含沙洪水对潼关高程变化的影响[J].人民黄河,2014,36(4):6-8+11.
[2]林秀芝,侯素珍,王平,等.渭河下游近期水沙变化及其对河道冲淤影响[J].泥沙研究,2014(1):33-38.
[3]袁峥,赵海镜,梁林江,等.渭河下游河道泥沙淤积现状及趋势分析[J].人民黄河,2016,38(1):19-21.
[4]郑珊,吴保生.黄河小北干流和渭河下游淤积过程模拟[J].水利学报,2014,45(2):150-162.
[5]陈星星.近代渭河下游河道演变趋势研究[D].西安:西安理工大学,2017.
[6]袁峥,赵海镜,梁林江,等.渭河下游河道泥沙淤积现状及趋势分析[J].人民黄河,2016,38(1):19-21.
[7]石长伟,张英,梁林江,等.渭河下游近期冲淤变化及其原因分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2018,29(1):134-137+143.
[8]石长伟,张智,王亚梅,等.潼关高程变化及其对渭河下游的影响分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2016,27(6):125-129.
[9]邵文伟,师长兴,范小黎,等.1960-1990年间渭河下游河段滩槽冲淤动态与机理研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(10):1268-1276.
[10]王西超,彭世想,郭相秦,等.渭河“05.10”洪水特性及河道冲淤演变分析[J].人民黄河,2006,28(10):25-27+30.
[11]石长伟,杨宁,陈乃联,等.渭河“11.9”洪水特性及其河道影响分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(4):138-140+144.
[12]宁爱琴,秦学谦,沈锦杰,等.渭河下游典型洪水分析——华县站2011·09洪水特性分析[J].东北水利水电,2017,35(9):33-36.
[13]张广林,孙亚茹.渭河2017·10洪水特性及影响分析[J].陕西水利,2018(2):45-46+53.
[14]蒋昕晖,霍世青,刘龙庆,等.2003年渭河洪水特性分析[J].人民黄河,2004(1):24-25+27.
[15]范小黎,师长兴,邵文伟,等.近期渭河下游河道冲淤演变研究[J].泥沙研究,2013,38(1):20-26.
[16]张冰洁,王灵灵,薛亚莉,等.渭河下游河道造床流量及过洪能力变化分析[J].陕西水利,2018(1):8-9+11.
[17]贺莉,闫云霞,颜明,等.渭河下游河道的冲淤平滩流量特征分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(1):103-107.
[18]张洪波,南政年,余荧皓,等.渭河华县段漫滩洪水变异特征及其生态效用探析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2018,16(1):114-121.
[19]张超,伊晓燕,张翠萍.渭河高含沙洪水对潼关高程变化的影响[J].人民黄河,2014,36(4):6-8+11.