促进大规模风电消纳的双层调峰补偿机制研究
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摘要
针对目前常规机组在风电大规模并网时难以得到合理的调峰补偿、从而影响其调峰积极性的情况,提出了一种基于K-means聚类的促进常规机组参与风电消纳的调峰补偿分摊方法。首先,针对机组数量增多时计算"维数灾"的问题,引入K-means聚类对机组进行分类,分层对调峰补偿进行分摊。其次,针对Shapley值法忽略了不同机组的调峰积极性存在差异的缺点,引入机组调峰能力实现系数α对分摊方法进行修正,将调峰补偿费用按照调峰机组的调峰能力实现情况进行分摊,从而使补偿模型兼具公平性与激励性。最后,结合算例证明了改进后模型对激励更多调峰机组参与调峰辅助服务的有效性。
At present, it is difficult for conventional units to obtain reasonable peak-regulation compensation for large-scale wind power integration, thus affecting their peaking positivity. In response to this situation, a peak-regulation compensation allocation method aiming to promote the supply-side to better participate in wind power utilization is proposed based on K-means cluster method. Firstly, in the light of the problem of extremely large calculation when the number of units increases, K-means cluster method is introduced to classify the units, so that the peak compensations are apportioned hierarchically. Secondly, considering that Shapley value ignores the peaking motivation difference between each unit, the proposed method is modified with the realization coefficient of the peaking capacity(α) of each thermal unit, so that the compensation is allocated in accordance with it, and of both fairness and incentive. Finally, a numerical example proves the feasibility and validity of the proposed method to promote more units to participate in peak-regulation.
At present, it is difficult for conventional units to obtain reasonable peak-regulation compensation for large-scale wind power integration, thus affecting their peaking positivity. In response to this situation, a peak-regulation compensation allocation method aiming to promote the supply-side to better participate in wind power utilization is proposed based on K-means cluster method. Firstly, in the light of the problem of extremely large calculation when the number of units increases, K-means cluster method is introduced to classify the units, so that the peak compensations are apportioned hierarchically. Secondly, considering that Shapley value ignores the peaking motivation difference between each unit, the proposed method is modified with the realization coefficient of the peaking capacity(α) of each thermal unit, so that the compensation is allocated in accordance with it, and of both fairness and incentive. Finally, a numerical example proves the feasibility and validity of the proposed method to promote more units to participate in peak-regulation.
引文
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[13]XIE Jun,BAI Xingzhong,GAN Deqiang.Quantification and allocation of peaking costs of hydro-thermal power systems[C]//2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century,July 20-24,2008,Pittsburgh,PA,USA:1-8.
[14]刘海波.东北电网风电调峰辅助服务机制完善及交易优化模型研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.LIU Haibo.The study on mechanism improvement and transaction optimization model of peak-regulation ancillary service of wind power for northwest power grid[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2016.
[15]BALAGOPALAN S,ANOOJA V S.Cooperative game theory for sharing transmission charges in electricity markets[C]//IET Conference on Reliability of Transmission and Distribution Networks,November 22-24,2011,London,UK:1-6.
[16]卢洵,左郑敏,林勇,等.广东“十三五”电源调峰联合运行策略优化[J].广东电力,2018,31(7):98-105.LU Xun,ZUO Zhengmin,LIN Yong,et al.Strategy optimization for combined operation of power source and peak load regulation in the 13th five-year plan period of guangdong province[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2018,31(7):98-105.
[17]王树东,杜巍,林莉,等.基于合作博弈的需求侧响应下光储微电网优化配置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(1):129-137.WANG Shudong,DU Wei,LIN Li,et al.Optimal allocation of photovoltaic energy storage microgrid under the demand side response based on cooperative game[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(1):129-137.
[18]武玉婧.在n人博弈中局部合作和成本分摊方法的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.WU Yujing.The research on cost allocation and partial of cooperation method in n-person game theory[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2006.
[19]王鹏,张灵凌,梁琳,等.火电机组有偿调峰与无偿调峰划分方法探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(9):87-90.WANG Peng,ZHANG Lingling,LIANG Lin,et al.Amethod for division of paid peak-regulation and free peak-regulation for thermal power units[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(9):87-90.
[20]张健,曹志东.发电侧电力市场辅助服务付费新模型[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(10):9-12.ZHANG Jian,CAO Zhidong.A novel model for ancillary service payment in generation market[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2002,26(10):9-12,23.
[21]张轩,陈雨果,白杨,等.促进节能减排的中长期电力市场机制设计[J].广东电力,2018,31(6):25-31.ZHANG Xuan,CHEN Yuguo,BAI Yang,et al.Design on medium-term and long-term electric market mechanism to promote energy-saving and emission reduction[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2018,31(6):25-31.
[22]赵晓丽,王玫,赵越,等.基于火电机组容量差异的调峰辅助服务补偿机制改进模型[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(4):57-61.ZHAO Xiaoli,WANG Mei,ZHAO Yue,et al.A model of compensation mechanism on peak-regulating ancillary services based on capacity variance across thermal power units[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(4):57-61.
[23]林俐,邹兰青,周鹏,等.规模风电并网条件下火电机组深度调峰的多角度经济性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(7):21-27.LIN Li,ZOU Lanqing,ZHOU Peng,et al.Multi-angle economic analysis on deep peak regulation of thermal power units with large-scale wind power integration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(7):21-27.
[24]谢俊,李振坤,章美丹,等.机组调峰的价值量化与费用补偿[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):271-276.XIE Jun,LI Zhenkun,ZHANG Meidan,et al.Peaking value quantification and cost compensation for generators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(1):271-276.
[2]孙云涛,宋依群.基于调峰能力评估的省间调峰互济交易模式[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(4):86-91.SUN Yuntao,SONG Yiqun.Peak load regulation trading mode for trans-provincial aid based on evaluation of system regulation capability[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(4):86-91.
[3]吴冠男,张明理,徐建源,等.适用于评估风电接纳能力的时序生产模拟算法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2017,45(23):151-157.WU Guannan,ZHANG Mingli,XU Jianyuan,et al.Time series production algorithm for evaluating wind power accommodation capacityJ].Power System Protection and Control,2017,45(23):151-157.
[4]谢俊,张晓花,吴复霞,等.基于合作博弈论和工程方法的调峰费用分摊[J].电力系统保护与控制,2012,40(11):16-23.XIE Jun,ZHANG Xiaohua,WU Fuxia,et al.Peaking cost allocation using cooperative game theory and engineering concept[J].Power System Protection and Control,2012,40(11):16-23.
[5]王献奇.电力市场中水电厂间补偿效益分摊方法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2007.WANG Xianqi.Allocation method of compensation benefits among hydropower plants in electricity market[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2007.
[6]韩柳,庄博,吴耀武,等.风光水火联合运行电网的电源出力特性及相关性研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2016,44(19):91-98.HAN Liu,ZHUANG Bo,WU Yaowu,et al.Power source’s output characteristics and relevance in wind-solar-hydrothermal power system[J].Power System Protection and Control,2016,44(19):91-98.
[7]谢俊,白兴忠,魏建详,等.西北电网调峰成本补偿研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2009,43(3):584-588.XIE Jun,BAI Xingzhong,WEI Jianxiang,et al.Study on peaking cost compensation in Northwest China Power Grid[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2009,43(3):584-588.
[8]李伟,杨强华,张宏图,等.基于合作博弈的区域电力市场中消纳弃风激励机制研究[J].可再生能源,2014,32(4):475-480.LI Wei,YANG Qianghua,ZHANG Hongtu,et al.Incentive mechanism research on accommodation of wind power in regional electricity market based on cooperative game[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2014,32(4):475-480.
[9]胡军峰.风电接入引致电网辅助服务成本分摊机制及模型研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.HU Junfeng.The model of cost allocation mechanism of ancillary services for wind intergration[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2014.
[10]周子程,王海霞,吕泉,等.计及主客体因素的火电机组深度调峰补偿模型[J].南方电网技术,2017,11(5):47-55.ZHOU Zicheng,WANG Haixiang,LüQuan,et al.Deep peak load regulation compensation model of thermal power units considering subjective and objective factors[J].Southern Power System Technology,2017,11(5):47-55.
[11]ELA E,KIRBY B,NAVID N,et al.Effective ancillary services market designs on high wind power penetration systems[C]//Power and Energy Society General Meeting,July 22-26,2012,San Diego,CA,USA:1-8.
[12]胡佳.基于合作博弈解的调峰成本补偿研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2013.HU Jia.Research on peaking cost compensation using cooperative game[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2013.
[13]XIE Jun,BAI Xingzhong,GAN Deqiang.Quantification and allocation of peaking costs of hydro-thermal power systems[C]//2008 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century,July 20-24,2008,Pittsburgh,PA,USA:1-8.
[14]刘海波.东北电网风电调峰辅助服务机制完善及交易优化模型研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2016.LIU Haibo.The study on mechanism improvement and transaction optimization model of peak-regulation ancillary service of wind power for northwest power grid[D].Beijing:North China Electric Power University,2016.
[15]BALAGOPALAN S,ANOOJA V S.Cooperative game theory for sharing transmission charges in electricity markets[C]//IET Conference on Reliability of Transmission and Distribution Networks,November 22-24,2011,London,UK:1-6.
[16]卢洵,左郑敏,林勇,等.广东“十三五”电源调峰联合运行策略优化[J].广东电力,2018,31(7):98-105.LU Xun,ZUO Zhengmin,LIN Yong,et al.Strategy optimization for combined operation of power source and peak load regulation in the 13th five-year plan period of guangdong province[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2018,31(7):98-105.
[17]王树东,杜巍,林莉,等.基于合作博弈的需求侧响应下光储微电网优化配置[J].电力系统保护与控制,2018,46(1):129-137.WANG Shudong,DU Wei,LIN Li,et al.Optimal allocation of photovoltaic energy storage microgrid under the demand side response based on cooperative game[J].Power System Protection and Control,2018,46(1):129-137.
[18]武玉婧.在n人博弈中局部合作和成本分摊方法的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.WU Yujing.The research on cost allocation and partial of cooperation method in n-person game theory[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2006.
[19]王鹏,张灵凌,梁琳,等.火电机组有偿调峰与无偿调峰划分方法探讨[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(9):87-90.WANG Peng,ZHANG Lingling,LIANG Lin,et al.Amethod for division of paid peak-regulation and free peak-regulation for thermal power units[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2010,34(9):87-90.
[20]张健,曹志东.发电侧电力市场辅助服务付费新模型[J].电力系统自动化,2002,26(10):9-12.ZHANG Jian,CAO Zhidong.A novel model for ancillary service payment in generation market[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2002,26(10):9-12,23.
[21]张轩,陈雨果,白杨,等.促进节能减排的中长期电力市场机制设计[J].广东电力,2018,31(6):25-31.ZHANG Xuan,CHEN Yuguo,BAI Yang,et al.Design on medium-term and long-term electric market mechanism to promote energy-saving and emission reduction[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2018,31(6):25-31.
[22]赵晓丽,王玫,赵越,等.基于火电机组容量差异的调峰辅助服务补偿机制改进模型[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(4):57-61.ZHAO Xiaoli,WANG Mei,ZHAO Yue,et al.A model of compensation mechanism on peak-regulating ancillary services based on capacity variance across thermal power units[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(4):57-61.
[23]林俐,邹兰青,周鹏,等.规模风电并网条件下火电机组深度调峰的多角度经济性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(7):21-27.LIN Li,ZOU Lanqing,ZHOU Peng,et al.Multi-angle economic analysis on deep peak regulation of thermal power units with large-scale wind power integration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(7):21-27.
[24]谢俊,李振坤,章美丹,等.机组调峰的价值量化与费用补偿[J].电工技术学报,2013,28(1):271-276.XIE Jun,LI Zhenkun,ZHANG Meidan,et al.Peaking value quantification and cost compensation for generators[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2013,28(1):271-276.