平昌冬奥会日本速度滑冰项目崛起的探索研究
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摘要
2018年平昌冬奥会日本在速度滑冰项目上取得了重大突破,收获了3金2银1铜的好成绩,不仅保持了在短距离上的优势,而且在中长距离及团体项目上也表现出强劲的上升趋势,颠覆了以往中长距离项目一直由欧美统治的状况。通过查找资料、分析比赛视频与平昌冬奥会官网上日本速度滑冰比赛的数据,归纳出速度滑冰在日本的发展以及日本速度滑冰运动员在比赛中的技战术特点,为我国速度滑冰的发展提供参考建议。日本速度滑冰崛起的原因在于:(1)丰富的速度滑冰基础设施建设;(2)与速滑强国荷兰进行"送出去""引进来"的战略合作;(3)"取长补短"合理的战术制定。
At the 2018 PyeongChang Olympics Winter Games, Japan made a major breakthrough in speed skating, and had won a good result of 3 golds, 2 silvers and 1 bronze. Japan not only maintained its advantage in short distance projects, but also showed a strong upward trend in medium and long distance projects as well as in team sports, which subverted the situation that the medium and long distance projects have been ruled by Europe and the United States. By looking up materials, analyzing competition video and investigating data of Japanese speed skating on the official website of the Pyeonghang Winter Olympics, the development path of speed skating in Japan and the technical and tactical characteristics of Japanese speed skaters in the competition are summarized, which provides reference suggestions for the development of speed skating in China. The reasons for the rise of Japan's speed skating are:(1) speed skating infrastructure construction;(2)strategic cooperation in "send out" and "bring in" with the speed skating power of the Netherlands;(3) "learning from each other" tactic.
At the 2018 PyeongChang Olympics Winter Games, Japan made a major breakthrough in speed skating, and had won a good result of 3 golds, 2 silvers and 1 bronze. Japan not only maintained its advantage in short distance projects, but also showed a strong upward trend in medium and long distance projects as well as in team sports, which subverted the situation that the medium and long distance projects have been ruled by Europe and the United States. By looking up materials, analyzing competition video and investigating data of Japanese speed skating on the official website of the Pyeonghang Winter Olympics, the development path of speed skating in Japan and the technical and tactical characteristics of Japanese speed skaters in the competition are summarized, which provides reference suggestions for the development of speed skating in China. The reasons for the rise of Japan's speed skating are:(1) speed skating infrastructure construction;(2)strategic cooperation in "send out" and "bring in" with the speed skating power of the Netherlands;(3) "learning from each other" tactic.
引文
[1]李灵超.中外女子短距离速度滑冰竞技实力分析[J].运动,2016(5):36-37.
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[4] de Koning J. J., Foster C., Lampen J., et al. Experimental evaluation of the power balance model of speed skating[J]. J. Appl. Physiol., 2005, 98(1):227-233.
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[6] Hettinga F. J., de Koning J. J., Hulleman M., et al. Relative impor-tance of pacing strategy and mean power output in 1500-m self-paced cycling[J]. Br. J. Sports Med.,2012, 46(1):30-35.
[7] Herzog W., Guimaraes A. C., Anton M. G., et al. Moment-length relations of rectus femoris muscles of speed skaters/cyclists and runners[J]. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.,1991, 23(11):1289-1296.
[8] van Ingen Schenau G. J., de Koning J. J., de G. G. Opti-misation of sprinting performance in running, cycling and speed skating[J]. Sports Med., 1994, 17(4):259-275.
[9] Stangier C.,Abel T.,Hesse C.,et al. Effects of cycling vs. running training on endurance performance in preparation for inline speed skating[J]. The Journal of Strength&Conditioning Research, 2016, 30(6):1597-1606.
[10]张英波.现代体能训练方法[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2006.
[11]#12
[12]王卫星,蔡有志.体能、力量训练指南[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2006.
[13] Stevenson P. H. Calculation of the body-surface area of Chinese[J]. Chinese Journal of Physiology, Report Series, 1928,1(1):13.
[14]孙树滨.速度滑冰运动员身体机能评定常用生理生化指标及应用[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报,2010,28(3):28-30.
[2] Van Ingen Schenau G. J. The influence of air friction in speed skating[J]. J. Biotech. 1982,15(6):449-458.
[3] De Knowing J. J., Thomas R., Berger M. G., Van Ingen Schenau G. J. The start in speed skating:from running to gliding[J]. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., 1995, 27(12):1703-1708.
[4] de Koning J. J., Foster C., Lampen J., et al. Experimental evaluation of the power balance model of speed skating[J]. J. Appl. Physiol., 2005, 98(1):227-233.
[5] Hettinga F.J.,De Koning J. J.,Schmidt L. J.,et al.Optimal pacing strategy:from theoretical modelling to reality in 1500-m speed skating[J]. Br. J. Sports Med.,2011,45(1):30-35.
[6] Hettinga F. J., de Koning J. J., Hulleman M., et al. Relative impor-tance of pacing strategy and mean power output in 1500-m self-paced cycling[J]. Br. J. Sports Med.,2012, 46(1):30-35.
[7] Herzog W., Guimaraes A. C., Anton M. G., et al. Moment-length relations of rectus femoris muscles of speed skaters/cyclists and runners[J]. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.,1991, 23(11):1289-1296.
[8] van Ingen Schenau G. J., de Koning J. J., de G. G. Opti-misation of sprinting performance in running, cycling and speed skating[J]. Sports Med., 1994, 17(4):259-275.
[9] Stangier C.,Abel T.,Hesse C.,et al. Effects of cycling vs. running training on endurance performance in preparation for inline speed skating[J]. The Journal of Strength&Conditioning Research, 2016, 30(6):1597-1606.
[10]张英波.现代体能训练方法[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2006.
[11]#12
[12]王卫星,蔡有志.体能、力量训练指南[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2006.
[13] Stevenson P. H. Calculation of the body-surface area of Chinese[J]. Chinese Journal of Physiology, Report Series, 1928,1(1):13.
[14]孙树滨.速度滑冰运动员身体机能评定常用生理生化指标及应用[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报,2010,28(3):28-30.