天麻水提物活性成分分析及其抗氧化活性
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摘要
目的:测定天麻水提物中营养成分含量及其抗氧化活性。方法:采集湿天麻,炮制后烘干粉碎,热水回流提取,脱色,冷冻干燥得到天麻水提物干粉,进而测定天麻水提物中水分、灰分、淀粉、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总多糖、碳水化合物、总多酚、总黄酮、原花青素和天麻素等成分含量,并通过4种方法评价了天麻水提物的抗氧化活性。结果:天麻水提物中水分、灰分、淀粉、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总多糖和碳水化合物的含量分别是4.60、1.55、40.30、9.21、4.01、38.24、79.80 g/100 g,矿物质中钾元素的含量最高,为25477.45 mg/kg;天麻水提物中总多酚、总黄酮和原青花素含量分别为17.0、9.0、3.3 mg/g,天麻素和对羟基苯甲醇的含量为2.87%和0.64%。通过超高效液相色谱(Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography,UPLC)检测到7种多酚成分,其中荭草素的含量最高,为161.96 mg/100 g。天麻水提物具有一定的还原能力和对自由基的清除能力,且随着提取物浓度的升高,其还原力和对自由基的清除能力以剂量依赖性方式增强。在实验范围内其最大浓度的抗氧化活性最强,其中天麻水提物浓度为0.2、10、1、0.1 mg/mL时,总还原力、DPPH·清除率、OH·清除率、O2-·清除分别达到1.05、90%、76%和58%。结论:天麻水提物具有较高的营养价值和一定的抗氧化活性,开发和应用前景广阔。
Objective: Determination of nutrient contents and antioxidant activity in water extracts of Gastrodia elata.Method: Wet Gastrodia elata was collected,dried and smashed after atmospheric cooking,heat reflux extraction,decolorization and the dry powder of Gastrodia elata was obtained by freeze-dried,and then the contents of water,ash,starch,crude protein,crude fat,total polysaccharides,carbohydrates,total polyphenols,total flavonoids,procyanidin and gastrodin of the aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata were measured.The antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata was evaluated by four methods.Results: The contents of water,ash,starch,crude protein,crude fat,total polysaccharides,and carbohydrates in Gastrodia elata extraction were 4.60,1.55,40.30,9.21,4.01,38.24 and 79.80 g/100 g respectively. And the highest contents of potassium in minerals was 25477.45 mg/kg. The contents of total polyphenols,total flavonoids and procyanidin in the aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata was 17.0 mg/g,9.0 mg/g,3.3 mg/g,and the contents of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was 2.87% and0.64%.Seven polyphenols were detected by UPLC,and the highest content of valerin was 161.96 mg/100 g.The aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata had moderate reduction ability and scavenging ability to free radicals,and its reducing power and scavenging ability to free radicals increased in a dose-dependent manner with the increase of extract concentration.When the concentration of the aqueous extract was 0.2,10,1 and 0.1 mg/mL,the total reducing power,DPPH· scavenging rate,OH· scavenging rate and O2-·scavenging rate reached 1.05,90%,76% and 58% respectively.Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata had broad prospects for development and application due to its nutritional value and high antioxidant potential.
Objective: Determination of nutrient contents and antioxidant activity in water extracts of Gastrodia elata.Method: Wet Gastrodia elata was collected,dried and smashed after atmospheric cooking,heat reflux extraction,decolorization and the dry powder of Gastrodia elata was obtained by freeze-dried,and then the contents of water,ash,starch,crude protein,crude fat,total polysaccharides,carbohydrates,total polyphenols,total flavonoids,procyanidin and gastrodin of the aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata were measured.The antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata was evaluated by four methods.Results: The contents of water,ash,starch,crude protein,crude fat,total polysaccharides,and carbohydrates in Gastrodia elata extraction were 4.60,1.55,40.30,9.21,4.01,38.24 and 79.80 g/100 g respectively. And the highest contents of potassium in minerals was 25477.45 mg/kg. The contents of total polyphenols,total flavonoids and procyanidin in the aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata was 17.0 mg/g,9.0 mg/g,3.3 mg/g,and the contents of gastrodin and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol was 2.87% and0.64%.Seven polyphenols were detected by UPLC,and the highest content of valerin was 161.96 mg/100 g.The aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata had moderate reduction ability and scavenging ability to free radicals,and its reducing power and scavenging ability to free radicals increased in a dose-dependent manner with the increase of extract concentration.When the concentration of the aqueous extract was 0.2,10,1 and 0.1 mg/mL,the total reducing power,DPPH· scavenging rate,OH· scavenging rate and O2-·scavenging rate reached 1.05,90%,76% and 58% respectively.Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Gastrodia elata had broad prospects for development and application due to its nutritional value and high antioxidant potential.
引文
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[2]Matias M,Silvestre S,Falc2o A,et al.Gastrodia elata and epilepsy:Rationale and therapeuticpotential[J].Phytomedicine,2016,23(12):1511-1526.
[3]陈琛,李鑫鑫,魏唯,等.大孔树脂纯化天麻多糖的工艺研究[J].四川大学学报:自然科学版,2018,55(5):1109-1115.
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[7]芦红云,吴天祥,钟敏,等.天麻提取物及其3种主要成分对灰树花产胞外漆酶和菌丝体的影响[J].食品科学,2018,39(6):101-106.
[8]王亚男,林生,陈明华,等.天麻水提取物的化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(12):1775-1781.
[9]陈琛,李鑫鑫,付昀东,等.汉中天麻多糖抗菌活性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(11):156-159.
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[11]GB 5009.4-2016,食品中灰分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[12]GB 5009.9-2016,食品中淀粉的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[13]GB 5009.6-2016,食品中脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[14]蒋方程,李傲然,何静仁,等.不同品种山药的营养成分分析及其水提物的体外抗氧化能力研究[J].食品工业科技,2018,39(4):6-11.
[15]刘玉梅,高智明,王健,等.裸仁南瓜籽及南瓜籽油的营养成分研究[J].食品工业科技,2010,31(6):6-11.
[16]何霜,李姗,王志雄,等.基于微波消解的ICP-OES/ICP-MS法测定茶叶中30种矿物质元素[J].食品工业科技,2017,38(12):1-6,16.
[17]徐顶巧,周建军.黑羽乌骨鸡毛中黑色素提取工艺[J].食品与发酵工业,2013,39(3):216-221.
[18]白姗姗,张莹莹,赵强,等.啤酒花废弃枝叶多酚、黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的相关性分析[J].食品科学,2018,39(3):41-48.
[19]陶亮,王红燕,赵存朝,等.云南野生翅果藤营养活性成分分析[J].食品科学,2016,37(8):142-146.
[20]朱小芳,杨凯,赵玉红.平欧榛子活性成分含量及抗氧化性比较[J].食品科学,2017,38(19):130-136.
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[22]徐胜平,刘雨阳,吴素蕊,等.4种云南野生牛肝菌的多酚含量及其抗氧化活性[J].中国食用菌,2015,34(6):54-59.
[23]旷慧,王金玲,姚丽敏,等.6种东北地区红树莓果渣提取物的抗氧化活性差异[J].食品科学,2016,37(1):63-68.
[24]李鑫鑫,王一棠,陈琛,等.12种植物粗多糖的体外抗肥胖及抗氧化活性研究[J].食品科技,2018,43(2):222-227.
[25]康明,李刚凤,霍蓓,等.德江天麻营养成分分析与评价[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(24):128-131.
[26]葛进,张磊,刘大会,等.产地、商品级别和干燥工艺对天麻品质影响研究[J].中药材,2017,40(3):637-640.
[27]李金玲,赵致,刘红昌,等.基于主成分分析的天麻矿质元素含量研究[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(6):1123-1128.
[28]陈伟洲,蔡少佳,刘婕,等.养殖海藻皱紫菜和脆江蓠的主要营养成分分析[J].营养学报,2013,35(6):613-615.
[29]郎春燕,周向飞,邓程桔,等.微波消解-双道原子荧光法测定天麻等5种药材中的硒和锗[J].药物分析杂志,2014,34(8):1492-1496.
[30]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量第3部分:微量元素:WS/T 578.3-2017[S].
[31]孟月丽,张庆岭.铁棍山药皮中多酚类化合物体外抗氧化作用研究[J].中医学报,2016,31(5)707-710.
[32]郑朝华,陈建秋.西洋参总黄酮的提取及其对羟基自由基清除的作用[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(32):15903-15904,15907.
[33]李鑫鑫,徐尤美,陈琛,等.天麻不同极性成分的体外抗氧化综合评价[J].食品科技,2018,43(7):67-70.
[2]Matias M,Silvestre S,Falc2o A,et al.Gastrodia elata and epilepsy:Rationale and therapeuticpotential[J].Phytomedicine,2016,23(12):1511-1526.
[3]陈琛,李鑫鑫,魏唯,等.大孔树脂纯化天麻多糖的工艺研究[J].四川大学学报:自然科学版,2018,55(5):1109-1115.
[4]Zhan HD,Zhou HY,Sui YP,et al.The rhizome of Gastrodia elata Blume-An ethnopharmacological review[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacol,2016,189:361-385.
[5]Yang XD,Zhu J,Yang R,et al.Phenolic constituents from the rhizomes of Gastrodia elata[J].Natural Product Research,2007,21(2):180-186.
[6]李凤,金虹,黄业传.天麻提取物微胶囊的制备[J].食品工业科技,2012,33(20):195-198.
[7]芦红云,吴天祥,钟敏,等.天麻提取物及其3种主要成分对灰树花产胞外漆酶和菌丝体的影响[J].食品科学,2018,39(6):101-106.
[8]王亚男,林生,陈明华,等.天麻水提取物的化学成分研究[J].中国中药杂志,2012,37(12):1775-1781.
[9]陈琛,李鑫鑫,付昀东,等.汉中天麻多糖抗菌活性研究[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(11):156-159.
[10]GB 5009.3-2016,食品中水分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[11]GB 5009.4-2016,食品中灰分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[12]GB 5009.9-2016,食品中淀粉的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[13]GB 5009.6-2016,食品中脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[14]蒋方程,李傲然,何静仁,等.不同品种山药的营养成分分析及其水提物的体外抗氧化能力研究[J].食品工业科技,2018,39(4):6-11.
[15]刘玉梅,高智明,王健,等.裸仁南瓜籽及南瓜籽油的营养成分研究[J].食品工业科技,2010,31(6):6-11.
[16]何霜,李姗,王志雄,等.基于微波消解的ICP-OES/ICP-MS法测定茶叶中30种矿物质元素[J].食品工业科技,2017,38(12):1-6,16.
[17]徐顶巧,周建军.黑羽乌骨鸡毛中黑色素提取工艺[J].食品与发酵工业,2013,39(3):216-221.
[18]白姗姗,张莹莹,赵强,等.啤酒花废弃枝叶多酚、黄酮含量与抗氧化活性的相关性分析[J].食品科学,2018,39(3):41-48.
[19]陶亮,王红燕,赵存朝,等.云南野生翅果藤营养活性成分分析[J].食品科学,2016,37(8):142-146.
[20]朱小芳,杨凯,赵玉红.平欧榛子活性成分含量及抗氧化性比较[J].食品科学,2017,38(19):130-136.
[21]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典(第一部)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2015,附录:58-59.
[22]徐胜平,刘雨阳,吴素蕊,等.4种云南野生牛肝菌的多酚含量及其抗氧化活性[J].中国食用菌,2015,34(6):54-59.
[23]旷慧,王金玲,姚丽敏,等.6种东北地区红树莓果渣提取物的抗氧化活性差异[J].食品科学,2016,37(1):63-68.
[24]李鑫鑫,王一棠,陈琛,等.12种植物粗多糖的体外抗肥胖及抗氧化活性研究[J].食品科技,2018,43(2):222-227.
[25]康明,李刚凤,霍蓓,等.德江天麻营养成分分析与评价[J].食品研究与开发,2017,38(24):128-131.
[26]葛进,张磊,刘大会,等.产地、商品级别和干燥工艺对天麻品质影响研究[J].中药材,2017,40(3):637-640.
[27]李金玲,赵致,刘红昌,等.基于主成分分析的天麻矿质元素含量研究[J].中国中药杂志,2015,40(6):1123-1128.
[28]陈伟洲,蔡少佳,刘婕,等.养殖海藻皱紫菜和脆江蓠的主要营养成分分析[J].营养学报,2013,35(6):613-615.
[29]郎春燕,周向飞,邓程桔,等.微波消解-双道原子荧光法测定天麻等5种药材中的硒和锗[J].药物分析杂志,2014,34(8):1492-1496.
[30]国家卫生和计划生育委员会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量第3部分:微量元素:WS/T 578.3-2017[S].
[31]孟月丽,张庆岭.铁棍山药皮中多酚类化合物体外抗氧化作用研究[J].中医学报,2016,31(5)707-710.
[32]郑朝华,陈建秋.西洋参总黄酮的提取及其对羟基自由基清除的作用[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(32):15903-15904,15907.
[33]李鑫鑫,徐尤美,陈琛,等.天麻不同极性成分的体外抗氧化综合评价[J].食品科技,2018,43(7):67-70.
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