黄河三角洲芦苇生长与根系分布特征对不同时期水盐胁迫的响应
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摘要
土壤水分和盐分是影响黄河三角洲地区植被生长发育的重要环境因子,了解湿地植物对水盐胁迫的响应规律是黄河三角洲湿地生态系统有效保护和修复的重要内容。本研究选择黄河三角洲地区典型植被芦苇,采用室内盆栽控制实验,研究芦苇生长与根系分布特征对不同水盐处理时期(萌芽期、苗期)和不同水位(CK、-30 cm、0 cm、30 cm)以及不同盐浓度(0%、1.5%)交互作用的响应。结果表明:水盐交互作用对芦苇根系生物量产生显著影响,在无盐分处理和30 cm水位交互作用下根生物量与CK无显著差异,但在1.5%盐分处理和30 cm水位联合胁迫下根生物量显著小于CK,说明土壤盐度会改变植物对水分的耐受阈值;除芦苇株高外,0 cm水位条件的芦苇各项生态指标均表现为高值,而30 cm水淹条件对芦苇生态特征存在一定抑制作用,说明芦苇生长适宜浅水环境;土壤表层芦苇根系总生物量对水盐梯度的响应不敏感,但随着土壤深度的增加,水盐因子显著影响芦苇根生物量的积累;芦苇须根生物量在0 cm水位、无盐分处理和苗期处理三因素交互作用下最高,为(6.76±2.19) g·株~(-1),在30 cm水位、1.5%盐分处理和萌芽期处理三因素交互作用下须根生物量最低,仅为(1.09±0.68) g·株~(-1)。
Soil water level and salinity are the major factors affecting plant growth in the coastal wetlands. It is important to understand the adaptation mechanism of wetland plants to the interactive effect of water level and salinity for the protection and restoration of the coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta. We examined the responses of plant growth and the characteristics of root biomass of Phragmites australis to the interaction of different water levels( CK,-30 cm,0 cm,30 cm),salt concentrations( 0%,1.5% NaCl) and growth stages( germination stage,seedling stage). The results showed that water level and salinity significantly interacted to affect root biomass. Compared with the CK,root biomass under the combination of 1.5% NaCl and 30 cm water level was significantly lower,but no significant differences were observed under the combination of 0% NaCl and 30 cm water level. This result indicated that soil salinity could change the tolerance threshold of P. australis enduring water stress. With the exception of plant height,ecological traits of P. australis at 0 cm water level showed high adaptation. However,30 cm water table depth had inhibitory effects on some ecological traits of P. australis. The total root biomass of soil surface layer was not sensitive to water level and salinity gradients. With the increasing soil depth,water level and salinity significantly affected the accumulation of root biomass. The highest fibrous root biomass was( 6.76±2.19) g per plant under the condition of 0 cm water level,0%NaCl treated at seedling stage. The lowest fibrous root biomass was( 1. 09 ± 0. 68) g per plant under the condition of 30 cm water table depth,1.5% NaCl treated at germination stage.
Soil water level and salinity are the major factors affecting plant growth in the coastal wetlands. It is important to understand the adaptation mechanism of wetland plants to the interactive effect of water level and salinity for the protection and restoration of the coastal wetland in the Yellow River Delta. We examined the responses of plant growth and the characteristics of root biomass of Phragmites australis to the interaction of different water levels( CK,-30 cm,0 cm,30 cm),salt concentrations( 0%,1.5% NaCl) and growth stages( germination stage,seedling stage). The results showed that water level and salinity significantly interacted to affect root biomass. Compared with the CK,root biomass under the combination of 1.5% NaCl and 30 cm water level was significantly lower,but no significant differences were observed under the combination of 0% NaCl and 30 cm water level. This result indicated that soil salinity could change the tolerance threshold of P. australis enduring water stress. With the exception of plant height,ecological traits of P. australis at 0 cm water level showed high adaptation. However,30 cm water table depth had inhibitory effects on some ecological traits of P. australis. The total root biomass of soil surface layer was not sensitive to water level and salinity gradients. With the increasing soil depth,water level and salinity significantly affected the accumulation of root biomass. The highest fibrous root biomass was( 6.76±2.19) g per plant under the condition of 0 cm water level,0%NaCl treated at seedling stage. The lowest fibrous root biomass was( 1. 09 ± 0. 68) g per plant under the condition of 30 cm water table depth,1.5% NaCl treated at germination stage.
引文
安乐生,赵全升,叶思源,等.2011.黄河三角洲地下水关键水盐因子及其植被效应.水科学进展,22(5):689-695.
褚光.2016.不同水分、养分利用效率水稻品种的根系特征及其调控技术(博士学位论文).扬州:扬州大学.
邓春暖,章光新,李红艳,等.2012.莫莫格湿地芦苇对水盐变化的生理生态响应.生态学报,32(13):4146-4153.
冯忠江,赵欣胜.2008.黄河三角洲芦苇生物量空间变化环境解释.水土保持研究,15(3):170-174.
高瑞如,赵瑞华,杜新民,等.2010.2种盐生植物根系的适盐特性.林业科学,46(7):176-182.
贡璐,朱美玲,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,等.2014.塔里木盆地南缘旱生芦苇生态特征与水盐因子关系.生态学报,34(10):2509-2518.
管博,栗云召,夏江宝,等.2014.黄河三角洲不同水位梯度下芦苇植被生态特征及其与环境因子相关关系.生态学杂志,33(10):2633-2639.
郭京衡,李尝君,曾凡江,等.2016.2种荒漠植物根系生物量分布与土壤水分、养分的关系.干旱区研究,33(1):166-171.
贺强,崔保山,赵欣胜,等.2008.水、盐梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植物种的生态位.应用生态学报,19(5):969-975.
马玉蕾,王德,刘俊民,等.2013.黄河三角洲典型植被与地下水埋深和土壤盐分的关系.应用生态学报,24(9):2423-2430.
戚志伟,高艳娜,樊同,等.2016.崇明东滩围垦湿地芦苇生态特征与水盐因子的关系.应用与环境生物学报,22(5):0736-0746.
荣丽杉,刘高焕,束龙仓,等.2010.黄河三角洲地下水生态水位埋深研究.水电能源科学,28(6):92-95.
宋香静,李胜男,韦玮,等.2017.黄河三角洲柽柳根系分布特征及其影响因素.湿地科学,15(5):716-722.
谭学界,赵欣胜.2006.水深梯度下湿地植被空间分布与生态适应.生态学杂志,25(12):1460-1464.
王永丽,于君宝,董洪芳,等.2012.黄河三角洲滨海湿地的景观格局空间演变分析.地理科学,32(6):717-723.
王卓然,赵庚星,高明秀,等.2016.黄河三角洲垦利县夏季土壤水盐空间变异及土壤盐分微域特征.生态学报,36(4):1040-1048.
许秀丽,张奇,李云良,等.2014.鄱阳湖洲滩芦苇种群特征及其与淹水深度和地下水埋深的关系.湿地科学,12(6):714-721.
游海林,徐力刚,姜加虎,等.2013.湿地植物根系生长动态及其环境响应性研究进展.长江流域资源与环境,22(Z1):52-57.
宇万太,于永强,等.2001.植物地下生物量研究进展.应用生态学报,12(6):927-932.
张力.2013.耐盐植物对含盐污水净化效果及生理生化响应(硕士学位论文).舟山:浙江海洋学院.
赵可夫,冯立田,张圣强.1998.黄河三角洲不同生态型芦苇对盐度适应生理的研究Ⅰ.渗透调节物质及其贡献.生态学报,18(5):463-469.
Casper BB,Jackson RB.2003.Plant competition underground.Annual Review of Ecology&Systematics,28:545-570.
Eller F,Skalova H,Caplan JS,et al.2017.Cosmopolitan species as models for ecophysiological responses to global change:The common reed Phragmites australis.Frontiers in Plant Science,8:1833.
Pan Y,Xie YH,Deng ZM,et al.2014.High water level impedes the adaptation of Polygonum hydropiper to deep burial:Responses of biomass allocation and root morphology.Scientific Reports,4:5612.
Parihar P,Singh S,Singh R,et al.2015.Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance strategies:A review.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22:4056-4075.
Salter J,Morris K,Bailey PCE,et al.2007.Interactive effects of salinity and water depth on the growth of Melaleuca ericifolia Sm.(Swamp paperbark)seedlings.Aquatic Botany,86:213-222.
Yu JB,Wang XH,Ning K,et al.2012.Effects of salinity and water depth on germination of Phragmites australis in coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta.Clean:Soil,Air,Water,40:1154-1158.
褚光.2016.不同水分、养分利用效率水稻品种的根系特征及其调控技术(博士学位论文).扬州:扬州大学.
邓春暖,章光新,李红艳,等.2012.莫莫格湿地芦苇对水盐变化的生理生态响应.生态学报,32(13):4146-4153.
冯忠江,赵欣胜.2008.黄河三角洲芦苇生物量空间变化环境解释.水土保持研究,15(3):170-174.
高瑞如,赵瑞华,杜新民,等.2010.2种盐生植物根系的适盐特性.林业科学,46(7):176-182.
贡璐,朱美玲,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,等.2014.塔里木盆地南缘旱生芦苇生态特征与水盐因子关系.生态学报,34(10):2509-2518.
管博,栗云召,夏江宝,等.2014.黄河三角洲不同水位梯度下芦苇植被生态特征及其与环境因子相关关系.生态学杂志,33(10):2633-2639.
郭京衡,李尝君,曾凡江,等.2016.2种荒漠植物根系生物量分布与土壤水分、养分的关系.干旱区研究,33(1):166-171.
贺强,崔保山,赵欣胜,等.2008.水、盐梯度下黄河三角洲湿地植物种的生态位.应用生态学报,19(5):969-975.
马玉蕾,王德,刘俊民,等.2013.黄河三角洲典型植被与地下水埋深和土壤盐分的关系.应用生态学报,24(9):2423-2430.
戚志伟,高艳娜,樊同,等.2016.崇明东滩围垦湿地芦苇生态特征与水盐因子的关系.应用与环境生物学报,22(5):0736-0746.
荣丽杉,刘高焕,束龙仓,等.2010.黄河三角洲地下水生态水位埋深研究.水电能源科学,28(6):92-95.
宋香静,李胜男,韦玮,等.2017.黄河三角洲柽柳根系分布特征及其影响因素.湿地科学,15(5):716-722.
谭学界,赵欣胜.2006.水深梯度下湿地植被空间分布与生态适应.生态学杂志,25(12):1460-1464.
王永丽,于君宝,董洪芳,等.2012.黄河三角洲滨海湿地的景观格局空间演变分析.地理科学,32(6):717-723.
王卓然,赵庚星,高明秀,等.2016.黄河三角洲垦利县夏季土壤水盐空间变异及土壤盐分微域特征.生态学报,36(4):1040-1048.
许秀丽,张奇,李云良,等.2014.鄱阳湖洲滩芦苇种群特征及其与淹水深度和地下水埋深的关系.湿地科学,12(6):714-721.
游海林,徐力刚,姜加虎,等.2013.湿地植物根系生长动态及其环境响应性研究进展.长江流域资源与环境,22(Z1):52-57.
宇万太,于永强,等.2001.植物地下生物量研究进展.应用生态学报,12(6):927-932.
张力.2013.耐盐植物对含盐污水净化效果及生理生化响应(硕士学位论文).舟山:浙江海洋学院.
赵可夫,冯立田,张圣强.1998.黄河三角洲不同生态型芦苇对盐度适应生理的研究Ⅰ.渗透调节物质及其贡献.生态学报,18(5):463-469.
Casper BB,Jackson RB.2003.Plant competition underground.Annual Review of Ecology&Systematics,28:545-570.
Eller F,Skalova H,Caplan JS,et al.2017.Cosmopolitan species as models for ecophysiological responses to global change:The common reed Phragmites australis.Frontiers in Plant Science,8:1833.
Pan Y,Xie YH,Deng ZM,et al.2014.High water level impedes the adaptation of Polygonum hydropiper to deep burial:Responses of biomass allocation and root morphology.Scientific Reports,4:5612.
Parihar P,Singh S,Singh R,et al.2015.Effect of salinity stress on plants and its tolerance strategies:A review.Environmental Science and Pollution Research,22:4056-4075.
Salter J,Morris K,Bailey PCE,et al.2007.Interactive effects of salinity and water depth on the growth of Melaleuca ericifolia Sm.(Swamp paperbark)seedlings.Aquatic Botany,86:213-222.
Yu JB,Wang XH,Ning K,et al.2012.Effects of salinity and water depth on germination of Phragmites australis in coastal wetland of the Yellow River Delta.Clean:Soil,Air,Water,40:1154-1158.