锂离子电池硅纳米粒子/碳复合材料
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摘要
硅由于其超高的理论比容量有望取代石墨成为下一代锂离子电池负极材料,但是硅在充放电过程中巨大的体积膨胀(～300%)会导致材料粉化从集流体上脱落,同时不断形成固相电解质层,造成不可逆容量损失,而材料纳米化和碳复合是解决这些问题的有效手段。本文介绍了硅在循环过程中容量衰减机理,并综述了硅纳米粒子与碳材料复合的最新进展,主要包括包覆型、核壳型以及嵌入型硅碳负极材料,并对核壳型与嵌入型做了重点探究,最后对硅纳米粒子/碳复合材料存在的问题进行分析并展望其研究前景。
Silicon is expected to replace graphite as the next-generation anode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its high theoretical specific capacity. But the huge volume expansion(～300%) of silicon during lithiation/delithiation process will cause active substance pulverization and loss contact with current collector, and continuous formation of solid electrolyte layer will further result in irreversible capacity fading. It has been demonstrated that nanocrystallization and carbon coating are effective ways to overcome these problems. In this paper, the mechanism of capacity fading of silicon is introduced, and the latest research on the synthesis of Si nanoparticles and carbon composites is reviewed, mainly including coating, core-shell and embeded silicon/carbon anode materials. The core-shell and embedded type are specifically reviewed. Finally the problems of the Si nanoparticles/carbon composites are analyzed and the prospects for research are prospected.
Silicon is expected to replace graphite as the next-generation anode material for lithium-ion batteries because of its high theoretical specific capacity. But the huge volume expansion(～300%) of silicon during lithiation/delithiation process will cause active substance pulverization and loss contact with current collector, and continuous formation of solid electrolyte layer will further result in irreversible capacity fading. It has been demonstrated that nanocrystallization and carbon coating are effective ways to overcome these problems. In this paper, the mechanism of capacity fading of silicon is introduced, and the latest research on the synthesis of Si nanoparticles and carbon composites is reviewed, mainly including coating, core-shell and embeded silicon/carbon anode materials. The core-shell and embedded type are specifically reviewed. Finally the problems of the Si nanoparticles/carbon composites are analyzed and the prospects for research are prospected.
引文
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[2] Shobana MK, Kim Y. Journal of Alloys And Compounds, 2017,729: 463.
[3] Chen M, Qi M, Yin J, Chen Q, Xia X. Materials Research Bulletin, 2017,95: 414.
[4] Li B, Niu G, Yi Y, Zhou X W, Liu X D, Sun L X, Wang C Y. Superlattices and Microstructures, 2017,111: 57.
[5] Liu X H, Huang J Y. Energy & Environmental Science, 2011,4: 3844.
[6] Li W, Song B, Manthiram A. Chemical Society Reviews, 2017,46: 3006.
[7] Rosenqvist T, Tuset J K. Metallurgical Transactions B-Process Metallurgy, 1987, 18: 471.
[8] Zhao J, Li J, Ying P, Zhang W, Meng L, Li C. Chemical Communications, 2013,49: 4477.
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[69] Jeong M G, Du H L, Islam M, Lee J K, Sun Y K, Jung H G. Nano Letters, 2017, 17: 5600.
[70] Kim H, Yun Y, Lee Y C, Lee M H, Saito N, Kang J. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2018, 57: 0102B2.
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[73] Chen H, Hou X, Chen F, Wang S, Wu B, Ru Q, Qin H, Xia Y. Carbon, 2018, 130: 433.
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[75] Shen D, Huang C, Gan L, Liu J, Gong Z, Long M. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10: 7946.
[76] Yang Y, Sun G, Lin J, Chen D, Zhang Y, Zhao J. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 725: 899.
[77] Lee B, Liu T, Kim S K, Chang H, Eom K, Xie L, Chen S, Jang H D, Lee S W. Carbon, 2017, 119: 438.
[78] Jiao M L, Qi J, Shi Z Q, Wang C Y. Journal of Materials Science, 2018, 53: 2149.
[79] Huang R A, Guo Y, Chen Z, Zhang X, Wang J, Yang B. Ceramics International, 2018, 44: 4282.
[80] Ababtain K, Babu G, Susarla S, Gullapalli H, Masurkar N, Ajayan P M, Arava L M R. Materials Research Express, 2018, 5: 025506.
[81] Tang X, Wen G, Zhang Y, Wang D, Song Y. Applied Surface Science, 2017, 425: 742.
[82] He Z, Wu X, Yi Z, Wang X, Xiang Y. Materials Letters, 2017, 200: 128.
[83] Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Guo H, Li X. Materials Letters, 2017, 199: 84.
[84] An G H, Kim H, Ahn H J. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10: 6235.
[85] Fang M, Wang Z, Chen X, Guan S. Applied Surface Science, 2018, 436: 345.
[86] Zhang Y C, You Y, Xin S, Yin Y X, Zhang J, Wang P, Zheng X S, Cao F F, Guo Y G. Nano Energy, 2016, 25: 120.
[87] Park S W, Shim H W, Kim J C, Kim D W. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2017, 728: 490.
[88] Bao W, Wang J, Chen S, Li W, Su Y, Wu F, Tan G, Lu J. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2017, 5: 24667.
[89] Liang G, Qin X, Zou J, Luo L, Wang Y, Wu M, Zhu H, Chen G, Kang F, Li B. Carbon, 2018, 127: 424.