中美需求响应发展状态比较及分析
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摘要
在对国内外需求响应相关政策、文献、工作报告和示范项目进行对比分析的基础上,围绕美国需求响应类型、时间尺度和国内需求响应业务启动条件、提前通知时长,比较了中美两国需求响应的实施模式。通过分析需求响应参与用户数量、负荷削减量等实施效果、补贴或激励资金规模,比较了中美两国需求响应的实施规模。分析当前发展需求响应面临的政策优势和迫切技术需求,指出未来发展需求响应要解决的关键问题,以期对国内需求响应的发展,特别是需求响应关键技术研究、商业模式设计提供参考。
Based on the comparative analysis of relevant policies, documents, work reports and demonstration projects at home and abroad, the implementation modes of demand response between China and America are compared around the types, time scales of America, as well as the start-up conditions, advanced notification time at home. The implementation scale between China and America is compared by analyzing implementation effects such as load reduction, the number of participant users, the scale of subsidies or incentives. The policy advantages and urgent technical requirements of developing demand response business at present are analyzed, and the key problem to be solved about development of demand response in the future is pointed out, hoping to provide some references for the development of domestic demand response business, especially for the research of key technology of demand response and the design of business model.
Based on the comparative analysis of relevant policies, documents, work reports and demonstration projects at home and abroad, the implementation modes of demand response between China and America are compared around the types, time scales of America, as well as the start-up conditions, advanced notification time at home. The implementation scale between China and America is compared by analyzing implementation effects such as load reduction, the number of participant users, the scale of subsidies or incentives. The policy advantages and urgent technical requirements of developing demand response business at present are analyzed, and the key problem to be solved about development of demand response in the future is pointed out, hoping to provide some references for the development of domestic demand response business, especially for the research of key technology of demand response and the design of business model.
引文
[1] AS/NZS 4755.3.1:2014, Demand response capabilities and supporting technologies for electrical products-Interaction of demand response enabling devices and electrical products-Operational instructions and connections for air conditioners[S].
[2]谢开.美国电力市场运行与监管实例分析[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2017:197-198.XIE Kai. Eletricity market, operation and regulation:US practice[M]. Beijing:China Power Press, 2017:197-198.
[3]赵鸿图,朱治中,于尔铿.电力市场中需求响应市场与需求响应项目研究[J].电网技术,2010(5):146-153.ZHAO Hongtu, ZHU Zhizhong, YU Erkeng. Study on demand response markets and programs in electricity markets[J]. Power System Technology, 2010(5):146-153.
[4] US energy information administration. demand responseyearly energy and demand savings[A/OL].(2018-10-22)[2019-01-14]. https/:/www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_10_08.html.
[5]陈宋宋,闫华光,李德智,等.我国需求响应标准体系研究综述[J].供用电,2017,34(3):9-15.CHEN Songsong, YAN Huaguang, LI Dezhi. A review of the research on demand response standard system in China[J]. Distribution&Utilization, 2017, 34(3):9-15.
[6] GB/T 32672—2016,电力需求响应系统通用技术规范[S].中国标准出版社,2016.GB/T 32672—2016, General technical specification of powerdemand responsesystem[S]. StandardsPressofChina,2016.
[7] GB/T 35681—2017,电力需求响应系统功能规范[S].中国标准出版社,2017.GB/T 35681—2017, Function specification of power demandresponsesystem[S].StandardsPressofChina,2017.
[8] GB/T 37016—2018,电力用户需求响应节约电力测量与验证技术要求[S].中国标准出版社,2018.GB/T 37016—2018, Technical requirements of measurement and verification about power saving in demand responseforpowerusers[S].StandardsPressofChina,2018.
[9] DL/T 1759—2017,电力负荷聚合服务商需求响应系统技术规范[S].中国电力出版社,2017.DL/T 1759—2017, Technical specification of demand response system for power load aggregation service provider[S]. China Electric Power Press, 2017.
[2]谢开.美国电力市场运行与监管实例分析[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2017:197-198.XIE Kai. Eletricity market, operation and regulation:US practice[M]. Beijing:China Power Press, 2017:197-198.
[3]赵鸿图,朱治中,于尔铿.电力市场中需求响应市场与需求响应项目研究[J].电网技术,2010(5):146-153.ZHAO Hongtu, ZHU Zhizhong, YU Erkeng. Study on demand response markets and programs in electricity markets[J]. Power System Technology, 2010(5):146-153.
[4] US energy information administration. demand responseyearly energy and demand savings[A/OL].(2018-10-22)[2019-01-14]. https/:/www.eia.gov/electricity/annual/html/epa_10_08.html.
[5]陈宋宋,闫华光,李德智,等.我国需求响应标准体系研究综述[J].供用电,2017,34(3):9-15.CHEN Songsong, YAN Huaguang, LI Dezhi. A review of the research on demand response standard system in China[J]. Distribution&Utilization, 2017, 34(3):9-15.
[6] GB/T 32672—2016,电力需求响应系统通用技术规范[S].中国标准出版社,2016.GB/T 32672—2016, General technical specification of powerdemand responsesystem[S]. StandardsPressofChina,2016.
[7] GB/T 35681—2017,电力需求响应系统功能规范[S].中国标准出版社,2017.GB/T 35681—2017, Function specification of power demandresponsesystem[S].StandardsPressofChina,2017.
[8] GB/T 37016—2018,电力用户需求响应节约电力测量与验证技术要求[S].中国标准出版社,2018.GB/T 37016—2018, Technical requirements of measurement and verification about power saving in demand responseforpowerusers[S].StandardsPressofChina,2018.
[9] DL/T 1759—2017,电力负荷聚合服务商需求响应系统技术规范[S].中国电力出版社,2017.DL/T 1759—2017, Technical specification of demand response system for power load aggregation service provider[S]. China Electric Power Press, 2017.