陆地棉亲本间遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性研究
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摘要
【目的】通过1 500个陆地棉杂交组合分析杂种优势与其亲本间数量性状遗传距离的相关性,探讨能否利用大规模杂交组合亲本间遗传距离提高陆地棉杂种优势预测效果,以期为棉花杂交育种和杂种优势利用提供理论指导。【方法】选择来自15个国家和中国23个省(市)的305份陆地棉核心种质为亲本,采用L×T(Line×Tester)杂交设计配制1 500个杂交组合。2012—2013年,在中国南北方13个生态环境下考察其株高、单铃重、衣分、纤维长度等10个产量和纤维品质相关性状,分析F1杂种优势、亲本间遗传距离和群体结构,并采用4种方式(Cor1—Cor4)计算遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性。【结果】10个性状中亲优势(MPH)均值的变幅为1.70%—7.40%,平均为4.36%,按父本不同将F1分成5组(A—E),其MPH均值A>E>B>C>D;超亲优势(HB)均值的变幅为-4.17%—1.87%,平均为-0.17%,A、B和E组的HB均值皆为正。10个性状在5组中除D、E组的马克隆值之外,其他性状普遍具有明显的中亲优势,其中,单铃重和纤维长度的中亲优势在5组中均以正优势为主(达80%以上),最大值分别为34.01%和9.83%,对应的超亲优势分别为24.25%和5.80%。F1和亲本差异显著性分析表明单铃重、株高、纤维长度、伸长率和整齐度指数整体表现出一定的超亲优势。父本(测试种)与300个母本之间的遗传距离介于2.280—61.430,平均为21.550,5个测试种与母本间的平均遗传距离D>C>E>A>B,其中,最近值为11.721,最远值为33.271。按最小方差聚类,将305个陆地棉亲本划分为2个主群,包括5个亚群。4种遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性分析结果显示,因样本量、遗传距离变幅和父本不同其结果有所差异,相关性随样本量的增大而有所增强。其中,Cor1是Cor2结果的整体体现;Cor3与Cor1和Cor2相比,部分性状的中亲优势与遗传距离的相关性有所不同;Cor4的相关性最弱。综合来看,遗传距离与衣分、断裂比强度、整齐度指数和纺纱均匀性指数的中亲优势呈显著正相关,遗传距离与其他性状的中亲优势的相关性因采用的分析方案不同,结果有所不同;在4种方案中,除整齐度指数外,遗传距离与超亲优势的相关性整体表现负相关。其中,遗传距离与马克隆值、纤维长度和衣分的超亲优势相关性较强。【结论】陆地棉亲本间数量性状遗传距离与杂种优势有一定的线性关系,不同性状的杂种优势与遗传距离的相关性存在正负和强弱差异,且样本量越大相关性越强。说明基于大规模杂交组合研究陆地棉亲本间遗传距离与杂种优势的关系效果显著。
【Objective】The correlation between heterosis and genetic distance(GD) of quantitative traits between parents was analyzed by 1500 hybrid combinations in upland cotton, and the possibility of using GD between parents of large-scale combinations to improve the efficiency of hybrid vigour prediction of upland cotton was discussed in order to provide theoretical guidance for cotton hybrid breeding and utilization of heterosis.【Method】305 upland cotton core collections from 15 countries and 23 provinces(municipalities) of China were selected as parents, and 1500 cross combinations were produced by L×T(Line×Tester) cross design.From 2012 to 2013, ten yield and fiber quality related traits, including plant height(PH), boll weight(BW), boll number per plant(BN), lint percentage(LP), fiber length(FL), fiber strength(FS), fiber elongation(FE), fiber length uniformity(FU), micronaire(MIC) and spinning consistent index(SCI), were investigated in 13 ecological conditions in north and south China. F1 hybrids mid-parent heterosis(MPH), heterobeltiosis(HB), GD between parents and population structure were analyzed. The correlation between GD and hybrid vigour was calculated by four schemes(Cor1-Cor4). 【Result】The mean values of MPH of the ten traits ranged from 1.70% to 7.40%, with an average of 4.36%, and F1 hybrids were divided into 5 groups(A-E) according to different male parents, the mean values of MPH: A>E>B>C>D. The mean values of HB ranged from-4.17% to 1.87%, with an average of-0.17%, and the average values of group A, B, and E were positive. In 5 groups, except for MIC of group D and E, other 9 traits had obvious MPH, among them, MPH of BW and FL were mainly positive(more than 80%) in the 5 groups, the maximum MPH values were 34.01% and 9.83% respectively, and the corresponding HB values were 24.25% and 5.80% respectively. The significant difference analysis between F1 hybrids and their parents indicated that BW, PH, FL, FE, and FU showed some HB. The GDs between male parents(testers) and 300 female parents ranged from 2.280 to 61.430, with an average of 21.550. The mean GDs between 5 testers and female parents: D>C>E>A>B, in which the nearest value was 11.721, and the farthest value was 33.271. According to "Ward" clustering method, 305 upland cotton parents were divided into two groups, including five subgroups. The results of four correlation analysis methods between GD and heterosis showed that the consequences varied with the sample size, the range of GD,and the male parent, the correlation increased with the sample size. Cor1 was the overall embodiment of Cor2 results; compared with Cor1 and Cor2, Cor3 had different correlations between MPH and GD in some traits; Cor4 had the weakest correlations. To sum up,the genetic distance was positively correlated with the MPH of LP, FS, FU, and SCI, the correlation between GD and MPH of other traits was different due to the different analysis schemes. In the four schemes, except for FU, the relationship between GD and HB was negatively correlated on the whole, and there was a strong correlation between genetic distance and HB of MIC, FL and LP.【Conclusion】There is a linear relationship between GD of quantitative traits and hybrid vigour in upland cotton. The correlations are positive or negative, strong or weak due to different traits, and the larger the sample size, the stronger the correlation. Thus, the large-scale hybrid combinations are used to well study the relationship between GD and heterosis in upland cotton.
【Objective】The correlation between heterosis and genetic distance(GD) of quantitative traits between parents was analyzed by 1500 hybrid combinations in upland cotton, and the possibility of using GD between parents of large-scale combinations to improve the efficiency of hybrid vigour prediction of upland cotton was discussed in order to provide theoretical guidance for cotton hybrid breeding and utilization of heterosis.【Method】305 upland cotton core collections from 15 countries and 23 provinces(municipalities) of China were selected as parents, and 1500 cross combinations were produced by L×T(Line×Tester) cross design.From 2012 to 2013, ten yield and fiber quality related traits, including plant height(PH), boll weight(BW), boll number per plant(BN), lint percentage(LP), fiber length(FL), fiber strength(FS), fiber elongation(FE), fiber length uniformity(FU), micronaire(MIC) and spinning consistent index(SCI), were investigated in 13 ecological conditions in north and south China. F1 hybrids mid-parent heterosis(MPH), heterobeltiosis(HB), GD between parents and population structure were analyzed. The correlation between GD and hybrid vigour was calculated by four schemes(Cor1-Cor4). 【Result】The mean values of MPH of the ten traits ranged from 1.70% to 7.40%, with an average of 4.36%, and F1 hybrids were divided into 5 groups(A-E) according to different male parents, the mean values of MPH: A>E>B>C>D. The mean values of HB ranged from-4.17% to 1.87%, with an average of-0.17%, and the average values of group A, B, and E were positive. In 5 groups, except for MIC of group D and E, other 9 traits had obvious MPH, among them, MPH of BW and FL were mainly positive(more than 80%) in the 5 groups, the maximum MPH values were 34.01% and 9.83% respectively, and the corresponding HB values were 24.25% and 5.80% respectively. The significant difference analysis between F1 hybrids and their parents indicated that BW, PH, FL, FE, and FU showed some HB. The GDs between male parents(testers) and 300 female parents ranged from 2.280 to 61.430, with an average of 21.550. The mean GDs between 5 testers and female parents: D>C>E>A>B, in which the nearest value was 11.721, and the farthest value was 33.271. According to "Ward" clustering method, 305 upland cotton parents were divided into two groups, including five subgroups. The results of four correlation analysis methods between GD and heterosis showed that the consequences varied with the sample size, the range of GD,and the male parent, the correlation increased with the sample size. Cor1 was the overall embodiment of Cor2 results; compared with Cor1 and Cor2, Cor3 had different correlations between MPH and GD in some traits; Cor4 had the weakest correlations. To sum up,the genetic distance was positively correlated with the MPH of LP, FS, FU, and SCI, the correlation between GD and MPH of other traits was different due to the different analysis schemes. In the four schemes, except for FU, the relationship between GD and HB was negatively correlated on the whole, and there was a strong correlation between genetic distance and HB of MIC, FL and LP.【Conclusion】There is a linear relationship between GD of quantitative traits and hybrid vigour in upland cotton. The correlations are positive or negative, strong or weak due to different traits, and the larger the sample size, the stronger the correlation. Thus, the large-scale hybrid combinations are used to well study the relationship between GD and heterosis in upland cotton.
引文
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[3]FANG L,WANG Q,HU Y,JIA Y,CHEN J,LIU B,ZHANG Z,GUAN X,CHEN S,ZHOU B.Genomic analyses in cotton identify signatures of selection and loci associated with fiber quality and yield traits.Nature Genetics,2017,49(7):1089-1098.
[4]彭倩,薛亚东,张向歌,李慧敏,孙高阳,李卫华,谢慧玲,汤继华.利用单片段代换系测交群体定位玉米产量相关性状的杂种优势位点.作物学报,2016,42(4):482-491.PENG Q,XUE Y D,ZHANG X G,LI H M,SUN G Y,LI W H,XIEH L,TANG J H.Identification of heterotic loci for yield and ear traits using CSSL test population in maize.Acta Agronomica Sinica,2016,42(4):482-491.(in Chinese)
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[6]DUVICK D N.The contribution of breeding to yield advances in maize(Zea mays L.).Advances in Agronomy,2005,86(5):83-145.
[7]傅廷栋.油菜杂种优势研究利用的现状与思考.中国油料作物学报,2008:1-5.FU T D.On research and application of heterosis in rapessed.Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2008:1-5.(in Chinese)
[8]邢朝柱,靖深蓉,邢以华.中国棉花杂种优势利用研究回顾和展望.棉花学报,2007,19(5):337-345.XING C Z,JING S R,XING Y H.Review and prospect on cotton heterosis utilization and study in China.Cotton Science,2007,19(5):337-345.(in Chinese)
[9]袁有禄,靖深蓉.世界棉花杂种优势利用研究进展,问题与前景.中国棉花,2000,27(8):2-5.YUAN Y L,JING S R.Advances,problems and prospects of heterosis utilization of cotton in the world.China Cotton,2000,27(8):2-5.(in Chinese)
[10]WU Y T,YIN J M,GUO W Z,ZHU X F,ZHANG T Z.Heterosis performance of yield and fibre quality in F1 and F2 hybrids in upland cotton.Plant Breeding,2010,123(3):285-289.
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