2013–2017年我国流产奶牛群布鲁氏菌病流行病学趋势与特点
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摘要
【背景】布鲁氏菌病(布病)是一种由布鲁氏菌引起的严重危害世界很多国家养殖业的人畜共患病。近年来,布病在我国出现反弹趋势,给养殖业发展和公共卫生安全带来严重挑战。由于我国牛羊养殖数量庞大且相对分散等多方面原因,对于动物布病的相关发病数据缺乏完整性和系统性。【目的】了解我国奶牛布病的流行状况,为制定布病防控措施及策略提供数据支持。【方法】根据过去5年(2013-2017)国家动物布病参考实验室的监测数据,深入分析我国奶牛布病发病趋势和流行特点。【结果】2013-2017年,从有流产症状的布病非免疫牛场采集了血清样本23 381份,其中布鲁氏菌血清抗体阳性占44.2%,2015年奶牛布病疫情最为严重,个体阳性率和群体阳性率分别为55.3%和93.5%。一类布病疫区5个省市的流产畜群间布病阳性率介于13.8%-57.8%,二类布病疫区4个省的流产畜群间布病阳性率在54.4%-86.9%之间。在这5年间,人间、流产畜群间布病发病趋势呈高度相关(r=0.806>0)。【结论】流产奶牛群体中,布病发生率处于高流行水平,且与人间布病流行趋势高度吻合;另外,二类布病疫区布病疫情严重。这些重要的信息,有助于全面掌握布病流行情况,提示进行人病兽防的重要性,为制定适合国情的布病防控战略提供技术依据。针对上述研究结果,建议对全国动物布病展开全面监测,做好动物布病预防、准确诊断以及牧场净化等工作。
[Background] Brucellosis, caused by Brucella, is a significant zoonotic disease distributed and prevalent widely in many countries around the world. As an important disease, Brucellosis re-emerged in China in recent years, posing a great challenge to animal breeding industry and public health. Existing data about infection and epidemiology of Brucellosis in China are not comprehensive and systematic, due to theintensive breeding and big populations of animals in the country. [Objective] To better understand the prevalence of Brucellosis in dairy cows in China and to provide basis for the establishment of control measures and strategies. [Methods] Data were obtained and analysed based on the results of surveillance on 23 381 serum samples collected from dairy cows with miscarriage during 2013-2017. [Results] The positive rate of antibody against Brucella was 44.2%. The epidemic situation of Brucellosis in cows in 2015 was most severe, as evidenced by the findings that the highest levels of individual positive rate and group positive rate up to 55.3% and 93.5%, respectively, were detected. The positive rate of Brucellosis among the miscarriage herds in 5 provinces of the first-class Brucellosis epidemic areas ranged from 13.8% to 57.8%, and that in the second-class Brucellosis epidemic areas was between 54.4% and 86.9%. The incidence rate of Brucellosis in aborted dairy cows correlated well with the epidemic trend of human Brucellosis(r=0.806>0). Severe epidemic situation was observed in the second-class Brucellosis epidemic areas. [Conclusion] Our data presented here enhance our understanding of epidemiology of Brucellosis in China, and underscore the importance of nationwide monitoring of animal Brucellosis. In addition, prevention, accurate diagnosis, and elimination of the diseases on the farms should be strengthen in China.
[Background] Brucellosis, caused by Brucella, is a significant zoonotic disease distributed and prevalent widely in many countries around the world. As an important disease, Brucellosis re-emerged in China in recent years, posing a great challenge to animal breeding industry and public health. Existing data about infection and epidemiology of Brucellosis in China are not comprehensive and systematic, due to theintensive breeding and big populations of animals in the country. [Objective] To better understand the prevalence of Brucellosis in dairy cows in China and to provide basis for the establishment of control measures and strategies. [Methods] Data were obtained and analysed based on the results of surveillance on 23 381 serum samples collected from dairy cows with miscarriage during 2013-2017. [Results] The positive rate of antibody against Brucella was 44.2%. The epidemic situation of Brucellosis in cows in 2015 was most severe, as evidenced by the findings that the highest levels of individual positive rate and group positive rate up to 55.3% and 93.5%, respectively, were detected. The positive rate of Brucellosis among the miscarriage herds in 5 provinces of the first-class Brucellosis epidemic areas ranged from 13.8% to 57.8%, and that in the second-class Brucellosis epidemic areas was between 54.4% and 86.9%. The incidence rate of Brucellosis in aborted dairy cows correlated well with the epidemic trend of human Brucellosis(r=0.806>0). Severe epidemic situation was observed in the second-class Brucellosis epidemic areas. [Conclusion] Our data presented here enhance our understanding of epidemiology of Brucellosis in China, and underscore the importance of nationwide monitoring of animal Brucellosis. In addition, prevention, accurate diagnosis, and elimination of the diseases on the farms should be strengthen in China.
引文
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[5]Kong WL.Brucellosis infection increasing in southern China[J].European Journal of Internal Medicine,2018,51:e16-e18
[6]Shi YJ,Lai SJ,Chen QL,et al.Analysis on the epidemiological features of human brucellosis in northern and southern areas of China,2015-2016[J].Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,2017,38(4):435-440(in Chinese)施玉静,赖圣杰,陈秋兰,等.我国南北方2015-2016年人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(4):435-440
[7]Pelerito A,Cordeiro R,Matos R,et al.Human brucellosis in Portugal-retrospective analysis of suspected clinical cases of infection from 2009 to 2016[J].PLoS One,2017,12(7):e0179667
[8]Ding JB.China veterinary microbiology is moving forward with responsibility in dream of“one health”[J].Microbiology China,2017,44(12):2771-2772(in Chinese)丁家波.筑梦“同一健康”,我国兽医微生物学研究蓬勃发展[J].微生物学通报,2017,44(12):2771-2772
[2]Cui BY.Epidemic surveilance and control of brucellosis in China[J].Disease Surveillance,2007,22(10):649-651(in Chinese)崔步云.中国布鲁氏菌病疫情监测与控制[J].疾病监测,2007,22(10):649-651
[3]Wu QM.New prevention and control techniques and research progress of brucellosis in animals[J].Veterinary Orientation,2011(9):46-47(in Chinese)吴清民.动物布鲁氏菌病新型防控技术及研究进展[J].兽医导刊,2011(9):46-47
[4]Zhu HS,Wang LL,Lin DH,et al.Analysis on epidemiology and spatial-temporal clustering of human brucellosis in fujian province,2011-2016[J].Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,2017,38(9):1212-1217(in Chinese)祝寒松,王灵岚,林代华,等.福建省2011-2016年人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学分析和时空聚集探测[J].中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(9):1212-1217
[5]Kong WL.Brucellosis infection increasing in southern China[J].European Journal of Internal Medicine,2018,51:e16-e18
[6]Shi YJ,Lai SJ,Chen QL,et al.Analysis on the epidemiological features of human brucellosis in northern and southern areas of China,2015-2016[J].Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,2017,38(4):435-440(in Chinese)施玉静,赖圣杰,陈秋兰,等.我国南北方2015-2016年人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征分析[J].中华流行病学杂志,2017,38(4):435-440
[7]Pelerito A,Cordeiro R,Matos R,et al.Human brucellosis in Portugal-retrospective analysis of suspected clinical cases of infection from 2009 to 2016[J].PLoS One,2017,12(7):e0179667
[8]Ding JB.China veterinary microbiology is moving forward with responsibility in dream of“one health”[J].Microbiology China,2017,44(12):2771-2772(in Chinese)丁家波.筑梦“同一健康”,我国兽医微生物学研究蓬勃发展[J].微生物学通报,2017,44(12):2771-2772