多中心治理理论视域下非奥运项目发展模式研究
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摘要
作为我国体育事业不可忽视的一部分,非奥运项目却因种种原因未能得到应有的重视,发展一度受阻。为促进我国非奥运项目的健康发展,通过对目前单中心治理模式下非奥运项目发展现状的调查,运用文献资料法、专家访谈法等深入剖析其发展滞后的原因,从政策导向、资金输送、文化传承等方面进行分析。研究认为,目前非奥运项目存在管理层面呈现边缘化、经费渠道具有局限性、文化软实力挖掘被搁浅以及管理主体间互动匮乏等问题。提出由政府主导,社会、企业、个人相辅的多中心治理模式,即管理范式的转变触动非奥运项目发展的顶层设计、多元化拓宽非奥运项目的经费来源、文化传承与发扬实现非奥运项目发展的"软着陆"和主体间的多维互动促进非奥运项目管理主体的交互作用等发展模式。
Non-Olympic sports as an important means of developing mass sports does not win the due respect in our country. Yet, it is acclaimed as an essential part of the country's sport industry because of its low degree of difficulty, characteristics of easy approach, instant access to a broad mass base. As a part of China's sports which can not be neglected, non-Olympic sports for various reasons failed to get the attention they deserve, the development was blocked. In order to promote the healthy development of non-Olympic sports in China, the article analyzes the current situation of the development of non-Olympic sports under the single-center governance mode, analyzing the causes of the lag in the development of the non-Olympic sports by means of literature review and expert interviews, and giving the opinions from the aspects of policy guidance, fund transmission and cultural inheritance. The research results show that at present, non-Olympic sports management is marginalized, non-Olympic sports funding channels are limited, non-Olympic sports cultural soft power mining is stranded, and non-Olympic sports management subjects lack of interaction. Summed up by the government-led, social, business, personal complementarity of the polycentric governance model. That is to say, the change of management paradigm touches the top-level design of non-Olympic sports development, diversification and expansion of non-Olympic sports funding sources, cultural inheritance and development of non-Olympic sports development "soft landing" and multi-dimensional interaction between subjects to promote the interaction of non-Olympic sports management subjects.
Non-Olympic sports as an important means of developing mass sports does not win the due respect in our country. Yet, it is acclaimed as an essential part of the country's sport industry because of its low degree of difficulty, characteristics of easy approach, instant access to a broad mass base. As a part of China's sports which can not be neglected, non-Olympic sports for various reasons failed to get the attention they deserve, the development was blocked. In order to promote the healthy development of non-Olympic sports in China, the article analyzes the current situation of the development of non-Olympic sports under the single-center governance mode, analyzing the causes of the lag in the development of the non-Olympic sports by means of literature review and expert interviews, and giving the opinions from the aspects of policy guidance, fund transmission and cultural inheritance. The research results show that at present, non-Olympic sports management is marginalized, non-Olympic sports funding channels are limited, non-Olympic sports cultural soft power mining is stranded, and non-Olympic sports management subjects lack of interaction. Summed up by the government-led, social, business, personal complementarity of the polycentric governance model. That is to say, the change of management paradigm touches the top-level design of non-Olympic sports development, diversification and expansion of non-Olympic sports funding sources, cultural inheritance and development of non-Olympic sports development "soft landing" and multi-dimensional interaction between subjects to promote the interaction of non-Olympic sports management subjects.
引文
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[3] 张健,张建华,赵鑫.中国竞技体育发展非均衡性研究[J].河北体育学院学报,2012,26(6):70-74.
[4] 王文生,张喆,梁建新.奥运项目与非奥运项目和谐发展之思考[J].首都体育学院学报,2013,25(5):433-435.
[5] 周爱光,宋亨国.对体育文化内涵的思考[J].体育与科学,2004,25(4):10-12.
[6] 王乐.北京后奥运时代我国竞技体育非奥运项目发展战略研究[D].大连:辽宁师范大学,2010.
[7] 金宝山,刘景岗,满庆寿,等.民族民间体育[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2009:63-68.
[8] 于文谦,张廷晓.我国非奥运项目的社会文化价值及其实现[J].武汉体育学院学报,2014,48(6):9-13.
[9] 倪依克.论中华民族传统体育[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2005:11-13.
[10] 于文谦,王乐.中国国际角色转变与非奥运项目发展战略[J].山东体育学院学报,2010,26(2):1-4.
[11] 于文谦,张廷晓.基于“木桶理论”视域下的非奥运项目[J].北京体育大学学报,2015,38(4):1-5.
[12] 陈玉忠.体育强国概念的缘起,演进与未来走向[J].天津体育学院学报,2010,25(2):142-145.
[13] 朱乔.当代中国群众体育原点与支点的嬗变[D].武汉:武汉体育学院,2008.
[14] 蒋玲.中国体育产业结构升级研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2009.
[15] 张吾龙,杜晓红,邵磊.舞龙运动的文化底蕴及其社会价值[J].体育文化导刊,2007(4):90-91.
[16] 胡娟.龙舟竞渡流变历程中的现代发展[D].北京:北京体育大学,2007.
[17] 卢锋.休闲体育学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2005.
[18] 时海霞,王乐.制度变迁视域下非奥运项目的运行机制研究[J].武汉体育学院学报,2015,49(5):36-39.
[19] 张廷晓,于文谦.社会治理视域下非奥运项目组织管理问题研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2018,41(6):21-26.