基于形状因子的螺栓紧固力超声检测方法研究
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摘要
针对螺栓轴向应力分布不均匀对现有螺栓紧固力超声检测模型的影响,以及模型中关键参数难以确定的问题,提出螺栓形状因子概念和确定方法。建立基于形状因子和材料因子的螺栓紧固力超声检测模型,分析了温度对检测系数和超声传播时间变化量的影响。通过有限元仿真与实验标定相结合方法,获得了45号钢的材料因子和M20、M16标准粗牙全螺纹螺栓的形状因子。使用标定参数对螺栓试样进行紧固力测量实验,测量结果和预置紧固力吻合良好,验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性。
For the influence of the nonuniform distribution of axial stress on the existing ultrasonic measurement model and the difficulty to determinate the key parameters in the model,the concept and determination method of bolt shape factor are proposed,and an ultrasonic measurement model for bolt fastening force based on shape factor is established. On the basis of the proposed model,the influence of temperature on detection coefficient and acoustic time difference is analyzed. The material factor of 45 #steel,and the shape factors of M20 and M16 standard full thread bolts are obtained through finite element simulation and experimental calibration. The fastening forces of bolt samples were measured with the calibration parameters. The measured results are in good agreement with the preset fastening force,which verifies the validity and reliability of the method.
For the influence of the nonuniform distribution of axial stress on the existing ultrasonic measurement model and the difficulty to determinate the key parameters in the model,the concept and determination method of bolt shape factor are proposed,and an ultrasonic measurement model for bolt fastening force based on shape factor is established. On the basis of the proposed model,the influence of temperature on detection coefficient and acoustic time difference is analyzed. The material factor of 45 #steel,and the shape factors of M20 and M16 standard full thread bolts are obtained through finite element simulation and experimental calibration. The fastening forces of bolt samples were measured with the calibration parameters. The measured results are in good agreement with the preset fastening force,which verifies the validity and reliability of the method.
引文
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[16]CRECRAFT D I.Ultrasonic measurement of stresses[J].Ultrasonics,1968,6(2):117-121.
[17]HUGHES D S,KELLY J L.Second-order elastic deformation of solids[J].Physical Review,1953,92(5):1145-1149.
[18]FUKUOKA T,NOMURA M,MORIMOTO Y.Proposition of helical thread modeling with accurate ceometry and finite element analysis[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2008,130(1):135-140.
[2]侯世远,廖日东.螺纹联接松动过程的研究现状与发展趋势[J].强度与环境,2014,41(2):39-52.HOU S Y,LIAO R D.Research progresson self-loosening of threaded fasteners[J].Structure and Environment Engineering,2014,41(2):39-52.(in Chinese)
[3]张亮亮,王玉林.扭矩法与扭矩/转角法预紧力的计算及对比研究[J].内燃机与配件,2016(1):7-8.ZHANG L L,WANG Y L.Computation and comparison of pretightening force by torque method and torque/rotation angle method[J].Internal Combustion Engine&Parts,2016(1):7-8.(in Chinese)
[4]吴国志.螺栓紧固应力与紧固扭矩计算[J].内燃机与动力装置,2012(1):39-41.WU G Z.Calculation of bolt fastening stress and fastening torque[J].Internal Combustion Engine&Power Plant,2012(1):39-41.(in Chinese)
[5]陆鹏,俞乐,刘骅,等.用贴片光弹法研究螺栓预紧力[J].力学季刊,2013,34(2):275-278.LU P,YU L,LIU H,et al.Research on screw bolt's pre-tightening force by coating photoelasticity[J].Chinese Quarterly of Mechanics,2013,34(2):275-278.(in Chinese)
[6]JOSHI S G,PATHARE R G.Ultrasonic instrument for measuring bolt stress[J].Ultrasonics,1984,22(6):261-269.
[7]吴克成,林水深.螺栓应力超声测量方法的改进[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),1988(1):173-178.WU K C,LIN S S.Improvement of bolt stress ultrasonic measurement method[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),1988(1):173-178.(in Chinese)
[8]WALASZEK H,BOUTEILLE P.Ultrasonic stress measurement:application to preload assessment on already tightened bolts[J].Materials Science Forum,2006,524/525:459-464.
[9]何存富,吴克成.温度对螺栓紧固应力超声测量的影响研究[J].实验力学,1992(3):21-27.HE C F,WU K C.Study of the influence of temperature on bolt stress ultrasonic measurement[J].Experimental Mechanics,1992(3):21-27.(in Chinese)
[10]何存富,吴克成.扭转剪应力对螺栓紧固应力声弹性测量的影响研究[J].固体力学学报,1992(4):337-342.HE C F,WU K C.Influence of torsional shear stress on acoustic elastic measurement of bolt fastening stress[J].Journal of Solid Mechanics,1992(4):337-342.(in Chinese)
[11]徐春广,李骁,潘勤学,等.螺栓拉应力超声无损检测方法[J].应用声学,2014,33(2):102-106.XU C G,LI X,PAN Q X,et al.Bolt stress measurements by ultrasonic non-destructive methods[J].Journal of Applied Acoustics,2014,33(2):102-106.(in Chinese)
[12]贾雪,王雪梅,甘文成,等.声弹性效应螺栓轴向应力标定试验研究[J].中国测试,2018(3):23-27.JIA X,WANG X M,GAN W C,et al.Research on calibration of bolt's axial stress based on acoustoelastic effect[J].China Measurement&Test,2018(3):23-27.(in Chinese)
[13]DING X,WU X,WANG Y.Bolt axial stress measurement based on a mode-converted ultrasound method using an electromagnetic acoustic transducer[J].Ultrasonics,2014,54(3):914-920.
[14]KIM N,HONG M.Measurement of axial stress using mode-converted ultrasound[J].NDT&E International,2009,42(3):164-169.
[15]丁旭,武新军.在役螺栓轴力电磁超声测量系统的研制[J].无损检测,2016,38(6):48-52.DING X,WU X J.Development of in-service bolt axial force electromagnetic ultrasonic measurement system[J].Non-destructive Testing,2016,38(6):48-52.(in Chinese)
[16]CRECRAFT D I.Ultrasonic measurement of stresses[J].Ultrasonics,1968,6(2):117-121.
[17]HUGHES D S,KELLY J L.Second-order elastic deformation of solids[J].Physical Review,1953,92(5):1145-1149.
[18]FUKUOKA T,NOMURA M,MORIMOTO Y.Proposition of helical thread modeling with accurate ceometry and finite element analysis[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2008,130(1):135-140.