汉丰湖流域农业面源污染氮磷排放特征分析
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摘要
为把握汉丰湖流域农业面源污染现状,探明其首要污染源和重点控制区域,应用排污系数法估算了汉丰湖流域2015年种植业源、畜禽养殖业源和农村生活源TN、TP污染物的贡献量,利用GIS空间分析法研究了其排放的空间分布特征.结果表明,2015年汉丰湖流域农业面源污染TN和TP的总负荷量分别为2 721. 42 t和492. 04 t;等标污染负荷量以南河子流域最大,汉丰湖子流域最小;不同类型农业面源等标污染负荷总量差异很大,以肥料源和畜禽养殖源为主要来源,其中肥料源等标污染贡献率为76. 92%,是汉丰湖流域首要污染源;各乡镇中,敦好镇、铁桥镇和白桥镇的等标污染负荷量较高,均高于350 m~3·a~(-1),为重点控制乡镇.等标污染负荷评价及聚类分析结果表明,汉丰湖流域农业面源有种植业源-畜禽养殖源复合主导型、肥料源-畜禽养殖源复合主导型、种植业源严重污染型和肥料源复合主导型这4种污染类型.
To understand the status of agricultural non-point source pollution and to find out the primary pollution sources and the key control areas in the Hanfeng Lake Basin,the discharges of total nitrogen( TN) and total phosphorus( TP) from farming,livestock and poultry breeding,and rural living in thirty-two counties in 2015 were estimated using the pollutant discharge coefficient method. The spatial distribution characteristics of the quality and intensity of the TN and TP emissions from these sources were investigated using the GIS spatial analysis method. Pollution evaluation and source analysis were also carried out using the equivalent pollution load method.The results show that the total loads of TN and TP in the Hanfeng Lake Basin are 2 721. 42 t and 492. 04 t,respectively. The discharge of pollutants is the largest in the Nanhe Basin and the smallest in the area around Hanfeng Lake. The total pollutant loads from the agricultural non-point sources varied greatly,with fertilizer application and livestock and poultry breeding being the main sources. The contribution from fertilizer application is 76. 92%,which represents the primary source of TN and TP pollution in the Hanfeng Lake Basin. Among the townships,the equivalent pollution loads of Dunhao,Tieqiao,and Baiqiao are higher than 350 m~3·a~(-1); thus,these are the key control towns. According to the results of the equivalent pollution method and cluster analysis,the 32 counties were divided into four types of pollution areas. These areas are planting-livestock breeding dominant area,fertilizer-livestock breeding dominant area,fertilizer dominant area,and heavily polluted planting dominant area.
To understand the status of agricultural non-point source pollution and to find out the primary pollution sources and the key control areas in the Hanfeng Lake Basin,the discharges of total nitrogen( TN) and total phosphorus( TP) from farming,livestock and poultry breeding,and rural living in thirty-two counties in 2015 were estimated using the pollutant discharge coefficient method. The spatial distribution characteristics of the quality and intensity of the TN and TP emissions from these sources were investigated using the GIS spatial analysis method. Pollution evaluation and source analysis were also carried out using the equivalent pollution load method.The results show that the total loads of TN and TP in the Hanfeng Lake Basin are 2 721. 42 t and 492. 04 t,respectively. The discharge of pollutants is the largest in the Nanhe Basin and the smallest in the area around Hanfeng Lake. The total pollutant loads from the agricultural non-point sources varied greatly,with fertilizer application and livestock and poultry breeding being the main sources. The contribution from fertilizer application is 76. 92%,which represents the primary source of TN and TP pollution in the Hanfeng Lake Basin. Among the townships,the equivalent pollution loads of Dunhao,Tieqiao,and Baiqiao are higher than 350 m~3·a~(-1); thus,these are the key control towns. According to the results of the equivalent pollution method and cluster analysis,the 32 counties were divided into four types of pollution areas. These areas are planting-livestock breeding dominant area,fertilizer-livestock breeding dominant area,fertilizer dominant area,and heavily polluted planting dominant area.
引文
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