中小企业研究联合体自主创新能力提升路径研究
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摘要
构建结构方程模型,运用SPSS20和AMOS20统计分析影响我国中小企业RJVs提高自主创新能力的因素。研究表明,RJVs协作、公司战略、政府支持相对于组织管理能力与研发能力对中小企业研究联合体自主创新能力的影响较高,其中RJVs协作的影响最高。基于影响因素的实证分析,从技术、协同和地域三个层面构建中小企业研究联合体自主创新能力的提升路径模型,阐明了在发展初期通过契约式合作进行跟随创新,发展中期通过团队式合作进行集成创新,发展成熟阶段在全球范围内通过战略式合作进行原始创新。
Exploring the independent innovation capability of SMEs from the perspective of RJVs can promote the transformation and upgrading of SMEs in China. Referencing the theoretical study on the Self-innovation ability of RJVs in SMEs,the paper constructs the self-innovation ability evaluation index system of RJVs in SMEs. The evaluation index system includes five aspects: company strategy,R&D capability,organizational management capability,RJVs collaboration,government support and innovation performance.Using SPSS20 and AMOS20 to establish the structural equation model,the paper empirically analyses the factors of influencing the self-innovation ability of RJVs in SMEs in China. The results show:( 1) the path coefficient of corporate strategy to innovation performance is 0. 14. The support path coefficient of top management to independent innovation of RJVs is 0. 617,which has great influence on company strategy. The path coefficient of leadership's attention to the development of new technology in the industry is 0. 956,which has a great impact on the company's strategy;( 2) the path coefficient of R&D capability to innovation performance is 0. 08. Patent and technology reserve path coefficient of the company is 0. 981,which has a great impact on R&D capability. The path coefficient of R&D level and experience of R&D personnel is 0. 603,which has a great impact on R&D capability;( 3) the path coefficient of organizational management ability to innovation performance is 0. 10. The path coefficient of core R&D personnel to top managers is 0. 988,which has a great impact on organizational management ability. The path coefficient of rational allocation of innovation input is 0. 723,which has a great impact on organizational management ability;( 4) the path coefficient of RJVs collaboration to innovation performance is 0. 15. The path coefficient of financial services provided by banks is 0. 521,which has an impact on RJVs cooperation. The path coefficient of sincerity among partners is 0. 862,which has a great impact on RJVs cooperation. The path coefficient of resource sharing among partners is 0. 709,which has a great impact on RJVs collaboration;( 5) the path coefficient of government support to innovation performance is 0. 14. The path coefficient of the government's preferential tax policy for SMEs innovation is 0. 859,which has a great impact on the government's support. The path coefficient of government subsidies and incentives for SMEs independent innovation is 0. 719,which has a great impact on government support;( 6) the path coefficient of government support to RJVs collaboration is 0. 26,which indicates that government support promotes RJVs collaboration of SMEs. The path coefficient of RJVs collaboration to corporate strategy is 0. 16,which indicates that RJVs assistance is helpful to the formulation of corporate strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises.The path coefficient of RJVs collaboration to the R&D capability of SMEs is 0. 09,which indicates that RJVs collaboration can help SMEs to improve their R&D capability. The empirical results of structural equation model show that corporate strategy,R&D capability,organizational management capability,RJVs collaboration,government support and innovation performance are interactive dynamic processes; and( 7) RJVs collaboration,corporate strategy and government support have a greater impact than organizational management capability and R&D capability,among which RJVs collaboration has the highest impact.The improvement of independent innovation capability of RJVs in SMEs is a gradual process. Based on the empirical analysis of the influencing factors,the paper can design specific promotion paths to promote the continuous improvement of independent innovation ability of SMEs in China. The paper constructs a path model of the self-innovation ability of RJVs in SMEs from three levels: technology,collaboration and region.( 1) The first is the technological path,and the path model clarifies that follow innovation is carried out through contractual cooperation in the early stage of development. The model follows the principle of "following innovation-Integrated Innovation-original innovation". Following innovation is also called introduction,digestion,absorption and re-innovation. At the early stage of development,the member enterprises of RJVs in SMEs mostly adopt this form. Innovation mostly concentrates on product and process level,and Cooperative technology is often just general technology,not key technology and core technology. The independent innovation ability of RJVs in SMEs is at the initial stage,which is affected by the development level of R&D ability,organizational management ability and RJVs collaboration. Integrative innovation is essentially the intersection and integration of innovation elements,and promotes technological innovation to a new height. The innovation of RJVs in SMEs is mainly embodied in the industrial level. The member enterprises can access key technologies and realize the rational allocation. The independent innovation capability of RJVs in SMEs is at the stage of development. Primitive innovation is the most fundamental innovation. It is an unprecedented discovery or invention of science and technology. SMEs have achieved comprehensive innovation in product,process,industrial chain and industrial layout,and their independent innovation ability is in the mature stage of development.( 2) The second is the collaborative path,and integrated innovation is carried out through team cooperation in the middle of the development. The model follows the principle of the"contract-team-strategy". Contractual cooperation is the initial state of RJVs in SMEs,which aims to win the advantages of low cost and differentiation. To achieve the goal of cooperation through contracting,the independent innovation capability of RJVs in SMEs is in the initial stage. Teamwork is formed in the process of deepening the relationship and knowledge sharing among member enterprises. The independent innovation capability of RJVs in SMEs has entered the stage of development. Strategic cooperation is the most trusted mode. It can realize long-term win-win on the basis of establishing common interests,and the independent innovation capability of RJVs in SMEs is at a mature stage.( 3) The third is the regional path,and the original innovation is carried out through strategic cooperation in the global development stage. The model follows the principle of the"random cooperation-cluster cooperation-network cooperation". In the mature stage of independent innovation capability,member enterprises of RJVs in SMEs are no longer limited by region,and develop strategic cooperation nationwide or even globally. The main innovation form of this stage is to pay more attention to the original innovation of core technology.
Exploring the independent innovation capability of SMEs from the perspective of RJVs can promote the transformation and upgrading of SMEs in China. Referencing the theoretical study on the Self-innovation ability of RJVs in SMEs,the paper constructs the self-innovation ability evaluation index system of RJVs in SMEs. The evaluation index system includes five aspects: company strategy,R&D capability,organizational management capability,RJVs collaboration,government support and innovation performance.Using SPSS20 and AMOS20 to establish the structural equation model,the paper empirically analyses the factors of influencing the self-innovation ability of RJVs in SMEs in China. The results show:( 1) the path coefficient of corporate strategy to innovation performance is 0. 14. The support path coefficient of top management to independent innovation of RJVs is 0. 617,which has great influence on company strategy. The path coefficient of leadership's attention to the development of new technology in the industry is 0. 956,which has a great impact on the company's strategy;( 2) the path coefficient of R&D capability to innovation performance is 0. 08. Patent and technology reserve path coefficient of the company is 0. 981,which has a great impact on R&D capability. The path coefficient of R&D level and experience of R&D personnel is 0. 603,which has a great impact on R&D capability;( 3) the path coefficient of organizational management ability to innovation performance is 0. 10. The path coefficient of core R&D personnel to top managers is 0. 988,which has a great impact on organizational management ability. The path coefficient of rational allocation of innovation input is 0. 723,which has a great impact on organizational management ability;( 4) the path coefficient of RJVs collaboration to innovation performance is 0. 15. The path coefficient of financial services provided by banks is 0. 521,which has an impact on RJVs cooperation. The path coefficient of sincerity among partners is 0. 862,which has a great impact on RJVs cooperation. The path coefficient of resource sharing among partners is 0. 709,which has a great impact on RJVs collaboration;( 5) the path coefficient of government support to innovation performance is 0. 14. The path coefficient of the government's preferential tax policy for SMEs innovation is 0. 859,which has a great impact on the government's support. The path coefficient of government subsidies and incentives for SMEs independent innovation is 0. 719,which has a great impact on government support;( 6) the path coefficient of government support to RJVs collaboration is 0. 26,which indicates that government support promotes RJVs collaboration of SMEs. The path coefficient of RJVs collaboration to corporate strategy is 0. 16,which indicates that RJVs assistance is helpful to the formulation of corporate strategy for small and medium-sized enterprises.The path coefficient of RJVs collaboration to the R&D capability of SMEs is 0. 09,which indicates that RJVs collaboration can help SMEs to improve their R&D capability. The empirical results of structural equation model show that corporate strategy,R&D capability,organizational management capability,RJVs collaboration,government support and innovation performance are interactive dynamic processes; and( 7) RJVs collaboration,corporate strategy and government support have a greater impact than organizational management capability and R&D capability,among which RJVs collaboration has the highest impact.The improvement of independent innovation capability of RJVs in SMEs is a gradual process. Based on the empirical analysis of the influencing factors,the paper can design specific promotion paths to promote the continuous improvement of independent innovation ability of SMEs in China. The paper constructs a path model of the self-innovation ability of RJVs in SMEs from three levels: technology,collaboration and region.( 1) The first is the technological path,and the path model clarifies that follow innovation is carried out through contractual cooperation in the early stage of development. The model follows the principle of "following innovation-Integrated Innovation-original innovation". Following innovation is also called introduction,digestion,absorption and re-innovation. At the early stage of development,the member enterprises of RJVs in SMEs mostly adopt this form. Innovation mostly concentrates on product and process level,and Cooperative technology is often just general technology,not key technology and core technology. The independent innovation ability of RJVs in SMEs is at the initial stage,which is affected by the development level of R&D ability,organizational management ability and RJVs collaboration. Integrative innovation is essentially the intersection and integration of innovation elements,and promotes technological innovation to a new height. The innovation of RJVs in SMEs is mainly embodied in the industrial level. The member enterprises can access key technologies and realize the rational allocation. The independent innovation capability of RJVs in SMEs is at the stage of development. Primitive innovation is the most fundamental innovation. It is an unprecedented discovery or invention of science and technology. SMEs have achieved comprehensive innovation in product,process,industrial chain and industrial layout,and their independent innovation ability is in the mature stage of development.( 2) The second is the collaborative path,and integrated innovation is carried out through team cooperation in the middle of the development. The model follows the principle of the"contract-team-strategy". Contractual cooperation is the initial state of RJVs in SMEs,which aims to win the advantages of low cost and differentiation. To achieve the goal of cooperation through contracting,the independent innovation capability of RJVs in SMEs is in the initial stage. Teamwork is formed in the process of deepening the relationship and knowledge sharing among member enterprises. The independent innovation capability of RJVs in SMEs has entered the stage of development. Strategic cooperation is the most trusted mode. It can realize long-term win-win on the basis of establishing common interests,and the independent innovation capability of RJVs in SMEs is at a mature stage.( 3) The third is the regional path,and the original innovation is carried out through strategic cooperation in the global development stage. The model follows the principle of the"random cooperation-cluster cooperation-network cooperation". In the mature stage of independent innovation capability,member enterprises of RJVs in SMEs are no longer limited by region,and develop strategic cooperation nationwide or even globally. The main innovation form of this stage is to pay more attention to the original innovation of core technology.
引文
[1]马宗国,尹圆圆.基于研究联合体的开放式创新生态系统的构建[J].科学管理研究,2017,35(6):20-23.Ma Zongguo,Yin Yuanyuan.Study on the construction of open innovation ecosystem based on RJVs[J].Scientific Management Research,2017,35(6):20-23.
[2]张秋英.RJVs产业根植性研究综述[J].税务与经济,2012(1):41-45.Zhang Qiuying.Research of industrial embeddedness of RJVs[J].Taxation and Economy,2012(1):41-45.
[3]闫帅.研究联合体研发创新驱动产业结构发展演化研究[J].科技进步与对策,2015(8):53-58.Yan Shuai.Industrial structure evolution research driven by RJVs innovation[J].Science&Technology Progress and Policy,2015(8):53-58.
[4]冯之浚,刘燕华,方新,穆荣平,张伟.创新是发展的根本动力[J].科研管理,2015,36(11):01-10.Feng Zhijun,Liu Yanhua,Fang Xin,Mu Rongping,Zhang Wei.Innovation is the fundamental driving force for development[J].Science Research Management,2015,36(11):01-10.
[5]仲为国,李兰,路江涌,彭泗清.中国企业创新动向指数:创新的环境、战略与未来[J].管理世界,2017(6):37-50.Zhong Weiguo,Li Lan,Lu Jiangyong,Peng Siqing.Chinese enterprise innovation trend index:Innovative environment,strategy and future[J].Management World,2017(6):37-50.
[6]解学梅,徐茂元.协同创新机制、协同创新氛围与创新绩效[J].科研管理,2014(12):9-16.Xie Xuemei,Xu Maoyuan.Collaborative innovation mechanism,collaborative innovation atmosphere and innovation performance:Taking collaborative networks as the mediator variable[J].Science Research Management,2014(12):09-16.
[7]马宗国.研究联合体研发创新绩效评价及发展对策研究[J].科学管理研究,2014,32(1):55-58.Ma Zongguo.Study on cooperative performance evaluation and development countermeasures of RJVs[J].Scientific Management Research,2017,35(6):20-23.
[8]徐达奇.产学研合作提升中小企业自主创新能力机理模型研究[J].安徽理工大学学报(社会科学版),2015,17(3):24-28.Xu Daqi.Research on the mechanism model of independent innovation capability in SMEs with university-industry cooperation[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Social Science),2015,17(3):24-28.
[9]颜晓晴,陈德智.基于结构方程的企业研发资源配置结构研究[J].科技与经济,2015,28(3):60-64.Yan Xiaoqing,Chen Dezhi.Study of enterprises'R&D resources structure based on structural equation modeling[J].Science&Technology and Economy,2015,28(3):60-64.
[10]李静,马宗国.基于RJVs的我国中小企业自主创新能力影响因素研究[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(8):14-20.Li Jing,Ma Zongguo.Study on the influencing factors of SMEs independent innovation capability based on RJVs[J].Science and Technology Management Research,2016,36(8):14-20.
[11]王姝,陈劲,梁靓.网络众包模式的协同自组织创新效应分析[J].科研管理,2014,35(4):26-33.Wang Shu,Chen Jin,Liang Liang.Analysis of collaborative and self-organizing innovation effect of the network crowd sourcing model[J].Science Research Management,2014,35(4):26-33.
[12]方慧,赵甜.中国企业对“一带一路”国家国际化经营方式研究---基于国家距离视角的考察[J].管理世界,2017(7):17-23.Fang Hui,Zhao Tian.Study on the international operation mode of Chinese enterprises in the“one belt and one way”country--Based on the perspective of national distance[J].Management World,2017(7):17-23.
[2]张秋英.RJVs产业根植性研究综述[J].税务与经济,2012(1):41-45.Zhang Qiuying.Research of industrial embeddedness of RJVs[J].Taxation and Economy,2012(1):41-45.
[3]闫帅.研究联合体研发创新驱动产业结构发展演化研究[J].科技进步与对策,2015(8):53-58.Yan Shuai.Industrial structure evolution research driven by RJVs innovation[J].Science&Technology Progress and Policy,2015(8):53-58.
[4]冯之浚,刘燕华,方新,穆荣平,张伟.创新是发展的根本动力[J].科研管理,2015,36(11):01-10.Feng Zhijun,Liu Yanhua,Fang Xin,Mu Rongping,Zhang Wei.Innovation is the fundamental driving force for development[J].Science Research Management,2015,36(11):01-10.
[5]仲为国,李兰,路江涌,彭泗清.中国企业创新动向指数:创新的环境、战略与未来[J].管理世界,2017(6):37-50.Zhong Weiguo,Li Lan,Lu Jiangyong,Peng Siqing.Chinese enterprise innovation trend index:Innovative environment,strategy and future[J].Management World,2017(6):37-50.
[6]解学梅,徐茂元.协同创新机制、协同创新氛围与创新绩效[J].科研管理,2014(12):9-16.Xie Xuemei,Xu Maoyuan.Collaborative innovation mechanism,collaborative innovation atmosphere and innovation performance:Taking collaborative networks as the mediator variable[J].Science Research Management,2014(12):09-16.
[7]马宗国.研究联合体研发创新绩效评价及发展对策研究[J].科学管理研究,2014,32(1):55-58.Ma Zongguo.Study on cooperative performance evaluation and development countermeasures of RJVs[J].Scientific Management Research,2017,35(6):20-23.
[8]徐达奇.产学研合作提升中小企业自主创新能力机理模型研究[J].安徽理工大学学报(社会科学版),2015,17(3):24-28.Xu Daqi.Research on the mechanism model of independent innovation capability in SMEs with university-industry cooperation[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Social Science),2015,17(3):24-28.
[9]颜晓晴,陈德智.基于结构方程的企业研发资源配置结构研究[J].科技与经济,2015,28(3):60-64.Yan Xiaoqing,Chen Dezhi.Study of enterprises'R&D resources structure based on structural equation modeling[J].Science&Technology and Economy,2015,28(3):60-64.
[10]李静,马宗国.基于RJVs的我国中小企业自主创新能力影响因素研究[J].科技管理研究,2016,36(8):14-20.Li Jing,Ma Zongguo.Study on the influencing factors of SMEs independent innovation capability based on RJVs[J].Science and Technology Management Research,2016,36(8):14-20.
[11]王姝,陈劲,梁靓.网络众包模式的协同自组织创新效应分析[J].科研管理,2014,35(4):26-33.Wang Shu,Chen Jin,Liang Liang.Analysis of collaborative and self-organizing innovation effect of the network crowd sourcing model[J].Science Research Management,2014,35(4):26-33.
[12]方慧,赵甜.中国企业对“一带一路”国家国际化经营方式研究---基于国家距离视角的考察[J].管理世界,2017(7):17-23.Fang Hui,Zhao Tian.Study on the international operation mode of Chinese enterprises in the“one belt and one way”country--Based on the perspective of national distance[J].Management World,2017(7):17-23.