基于交叉小波的变压器振动信号幅频特征量提取方法
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摘要
为了分析变压器的振动特性和诊断变压器故障,结合变压器不同测试位置的振动信号,通过交叉小波变换提取变压器本体振动数据的主成分,以数据主成分的幅值和频率构成变压器振动信号的幅频特征量。并搭建了振动信号测试平台,采集不同条件下的变压器振动信号,对比分析了变压器空载、短路和带负载运行时的振动信号幅频特征量之间的关系,最后应用幅频特征量诊断变压器绕组松动和铁芯磁路故障。结果表明:幅频特征量能反映变压器振动信号的幅值和频率特征;空载、短路和带负载运行时振动信号的特征频率均为100 Hz,特征幅值存在差异;绕组松动故障主要影响振动信号特征频率,绕组松动后特征频率变大;铁芯磁路故障会导致振动信号的特征频率和幅值均增大。
For the purpose of analyzing the characteristics of transformer vibration and diagnosing transformer faults, the principal component of transformer vibration was extracted by cross-wavelet based on different test points, and the principal component's frequency and amplitude were treated as the characteristic frequency and amplitude. We set up a vibration signal test platform collect vibration signals under different conditions. Based on the collected signals, we compared and analyzed the vibration of core, winding and mixed signal's amplitude-frequency characteristics. Moreover, amplitude-frequency characteristic was utilized for diagnosing transformer winding loosening and core magnetic circuit failure. The results show that the amplitude-frequency characteristic can represent the amplitude and frequency characteristics of transformer vibration signals. Vibration of core, winding and mixed signal have the same characteristic frequency, which is 100 Hz, but they have different characteristic amplitudes. The winding looseness will increase the characteristic frequency, and the core magnetic circuit fault will increase the characteristic amplitude and frequency.
For the purpose of analyzing the characteristics of transformer vibration and diagnosing transformer faults, the principal component of transformer vibration was extracted by cross-wavelet based on different test points, and the principal component's frequency and amplitude were treated as the characteristic frequency and amplitude. We set up a vibration signal test platform collect vibration signals under different conditions. Based on the collected signals, we compared and analyzed the vibration of core, winding and mixed signal's amplitude-frequency characteristics. Moreover, amplitude-frequency characteristic was utilized for diagnosing transformer winding loosening and core magnetic circuit failure. The results show that the amplitude-frequency characteristic can represent the amplitude and frequency characteristics of transformer vibration signals. Vibration of core, winding and mixed signal have the same characteristic frequency, which is 100 Hz, but they have different characteristic amplitudes. The winding looseness will increase the characteristic frequency, and the core magnetic circuit fault will increase the characteristic amplitude and frequency.
引文
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[15]郑婧.基于盲分离的电力变压器振动模型研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.ZHENG Jing.Research on vibration model of power trans-former based on blind separation[D].Hangzhou,China:Zhejiang University,2015.
[16]王峰,苑津莎,李中.基于交叉小波变换的变压器振动信号分析[J].电工电能新技术,2014,33(4):36-40,75.WANG Feng,YUAN Jinsha,LI Zhong.Analysis of transformer vibration signal based on cross wavelet transform[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2014,33(4):36-40,75.
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[18]赵莉华,丰遥,谢荣斌,等.谐波对变压器振动特性的影响[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(11):198-202.ZHAO Lihua,FENG Yao,XIE Rongbin,et al.Analysis on vibration properties of transformer under harmonic[J].Water Resources and Power,2017,35(11):198-202.
[19]赵莉华,丰遥,谢荣斌,等.基于振动信号分形维数的变压器松动诊断方法[J].电测与仪表,2018,55(3):7-12,19.ZHAO Lihua,FENG Yao,XIE Rongbin,et al.Transformer fault diagnosis based on vibration signals’fractal dimension[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2018,55(3):7-12,19.
[20]尚海昆,苑津莎,王瑜,等.基于交叉小波变换和相关系数矩阵的局部放电特征提取[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(4):274-281.SHANG Haikun,YUAN Jinsha,WANG Yu,et al.Feature extraction for dischargr based on cross-wavelet transform and correlation coefficient matrix[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(4):274-281.
[2]姚陈果,赵仲勇,李成祥,等.基于暂态过电压特性的电力变压器绕组变形故障在线检测[J].高电压技术,2015,41(3):873-880.YAO Chenguo,ZHAO Zhongyong,LI Chengxiang,et al.Online detecting winding deformation of power transformer based on transient over voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(3):873-880.
[3]刘宝稳,马宏忠,李凯,等.大型变压器绕组轴向固有频率振动分布特性与试验分析[J].高电压技术,2016,42(7):2329-2337.LIU Baowen,MA Hongzhong,LI Kai,et al.Distribution characteristics and experimental analysis of natural frequency vibration of large transformer winding[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(7):2329-2337.
[4]张黎,王国政,董攀婷,等.基于磁致伸缩本征特性的晶粒取向性变压器铁心振动模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3990-4001.ZHANG Li,WANG Guozheng,DONG Panting,et al.Study on the vibration of grain-oriented transformer core based on the magnetostrictive intrinsic characteristics[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3990-4001.
[5]GARCIA B,BURGOS J C,AIONSO A M.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations,part 1:theoretical foundation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):157-163.
[6]GARCIA B,BURGOS J C,AIONSO A M.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations,part 2:experimental verification[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2006,21(1):164-169.
[7]ZHENG J,PAN J,HUANG H.An experimental study of winding vibration of a single-phase power transformer using a laser doppler vibrometer[J].Apploed Acoustics,2015,87(1):30-37.
[8]周宇,马宏忠,李凯,等.基于相空间重构的大型变压器绕组松动的振动特征识别[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(12):169-175.ZHOU Yu,MA Hongzhong,LI Kai,et al.Winding looseness recognition based on phase space reconstruction of large transformer vibration signals[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(12):169-175.
[9]臧状,陈江波,李辉,等.EEMD能量熵在配电变压器绕组状态监测中的应用[J].高压电器,2015,51(11):187-193.ZANG Zhuang,CHEN Jiangbo,LI Hui,et al.State monitoring of distribution transformer windings with EEMD energy entropy[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2015,51(11):187-193.
[10]马宏忠,耿志慧,陈楷,等.基于振动的电力变压器绕组变形故障诊断新方法[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(8):89-95.MA Hongzhong,GENG Zhihui,CHEN Kai,et al.A new fault diagnosis method for power transformer winding deformation based on vibration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(8):89-95.
[11]陈祥献,王婧頔,黄海,等.基于Hilbert-Huang变换的电力变压器铁心压紧力监测方法[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(9):9-12.CHEN Xiangxian,WANG Jingdi,HUANG Hai,et al.HHT based method for monitoring core clamping pressure of power transformers[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(9):9-12.
[12]张彬,徐建源,陈江波,等.基于电力变压器振动信息的绕组形变诊断方法[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2341-2349.ZHANG Bin,XU Jianyuan,CHEN Jiangbo,et al.Diagnosis method of winding deformation based on power transformer vibration information[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,41(7):2341-2349.
[13]WAKABAYASHI D,TODAKA T,ENOKIZONO M.Three-dimensional magnetostriction and vector magnetic properties under alternating magnetic flux conditions in arbitrary direction[J].Electrical Engineering in Japan,2012,179(4):1-9.
[14]朱叶叶,汲胜昌,张凡,等.电力变压器振动产生机理及影响因素研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2015,49(6):115-125.ZHU Yeye,JI Shengchang,ZHANG Fan,et al.Vibration mechanism and influence factors in power transformers[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2015,49(6):115-125.
[15]郑婧.基于盲分离的电力变压器振动模型研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.ZHENG Jing.Research on vibration model of power trans-former based on blind separation[D].Hangzhou,China:Zhejiang University,2015.
[16]王峰,苑津莎,李中.基于交叉小波变换的变压器振动信号分析[J].电工电能新技术,2014,33(4):36-40,75.WANG Feng,YUAN Jinsha,LI Zhong.Analysis of transformer vibration signal based on cross wavelet transform[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2014,33(4):36-40,75.
[17]GRINSTED A,MOORE J C,JEVREJEVA S.Application of the cross wavelet transform and wavelet coherence to geophysical time series[J].Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics,2004,11(5):561-566.
[18]赵莉华,丰遥,谢荣斌,等.谐波对变压器振动特性的影响[J].水电能源科学,2017,35(11):198-202.ZHAO Lihua,FENG Yao,XIE Rongbin,et al.Analysis on vibration properties of transformer under harmonic[J].Water Resources and Power,2017,35(11):198-202.
[19]赵莉华,丰遥,谢荣斌,等.基于振动信号分形维数的变压器松动诊断方法[J].电测与仪表,2018,55(3):7-12,19.ZHAO Lihua,FENG Yao,XIE Rongbin,et al.Transformer fault diagnosis based on vibration signals’fractal dimension[J].Electrical Measurement&Instrumentation,2018,55(3):7-12,19.
[20]尚海昆,苑津莎,王瑜,等.基于交叉小波变换和相关系数矩阵的局部放电特征提取[J].电工技术学报,2014,29(4):274-281.SHANG Haikun,YUAN Jinsha,WANG Yu,et al.Feature extraction for dischargr based on cross-wavelet transform and correlation coefficient matrix[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2014,29(4):274-281.
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