不同施肥位点对烤烟钾积累及土壤有效钾含量的影响
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摘要
为探明不同施肥位点对植烟土壤有效钾含量和烤烟钾素积累的影响,试验采用大田垄栽的方式,设置T1(对照)、T2(直径15 cm)、T3(直径20 cm)、T4(直径25 cm)4种施肥方法,对成熟期植烟根区不同土层有效钾含量和各个生育期植株根、茎和叶中全钾含量进行测定。试验结果表明,T2、T3和T4处理土壤有效钾含量总体上随着距离植株的宽度的增大而减小,近根区土壤有效钾含量高于远根区,不同施肥位点会改变土壤中有效钾的含量,T4处理土壤有效钾含量低于其它处理。烤烟移栽后第5～9周T4处理根部钾积累量高于其它处理;移栽后第11～15周,T4处理植株钾积累量明显高于其他处理,T4处理钾积累量分别高于对照26.84、21.24和6.88 kg/hm~2;同一施肥处理相同生育期钾素在烟株不同器官中的积累量大小为叶>茎>根。综上,T4处理的施肥位点利于提高烤烟对土壤中钾的吸收和植株钾素的积累。因此,可以考虑在烤烟生产地区采用直径为25 cm,深度20 cm施肥管施肥试行推广。
In order to explore the effect of different fertilization on the content of effective potassium in soil and the accumulation of potassium in flue-cured tobacco,4 kinds of fertilization methods,T1(control),T2(diameter 15 cm),T3(diameter 20 cm)and T4(diameter 25 cm),were used to determine the effective potassium content of different soil layers in the mature tobacco root zone. And the contents of total potassium in roots,stems and leaves of a plant at different growth stages were determined. The results showed that the content of available K in T2,T3 and T4 decreased with the increase of the width of the plant. The content of available K in the soil near the root region was higher than that in the far root zone. The content of effective potassium in soil could be changed by different spatial fertilization,and the content of available K in the treatment of T4 was lower than that of other treatments. After 5 ～ 9 weeks of transplanting,the accumulation of potassium in the root of T4 treatment was higher than that of other treatments. After 11 ～ 15 weeks after transplanting,the accumulation of potassium in T4 treated plants was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The accumulation of potassium in T4 treatment was higher than that of the control 26.84,21.24 and 6.88 kg/hm~2;The accumulation of potassium in different organs of tobacco plants during the same fertilizer treatment stage was leaf>stem>root. In conclusion,the spatial fertilization by T4 could improve potassium uptake and potassium accumulation in flue-cured tobacco. Therefore,it could be considered that in the area of flue-cured tobacco production,the diameter of 25 cm and the depth of 20 cm fertilization should be popularized.
In order to explore the effect of different fertilization on the content of effective potassium in soil and the accumulation of potassium in flue-cured tobacco,4 kinds of fertilization methods,T1(control),T2(diameter 15 cm),T3(diameter 20 cm)and T4(diameter 25 cm),were used to determine the effective potassium content of different soil layers in the mature tobacco root zone. And the contents of total potassium in roots,stems and leaves of a plant at different growth stages were determined. The results showed that the content of available K in T2,T3 and T4 decreased with the increase of the width of the plant. The content of available K in the soil near the root region was higher than that in the far root zone. The content of effective potassium in soil could be changed by different spatial fertilization,and the content of available K in the treatment of T4 was lower than that of other treatments. After 5 ～ 9 weeks of transplanting,the accumulation of potassium in the root of T4 treatment was higher than that of other treatments. After 11 ～ 15 weeks after transplanting,the accumulation of potassium in T4 treated plants was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The accumulation of potassium in T4 treatment was higher than that of the control 26.84,21.24 and 6.88 kg/hm~2;The accumulation of potassium in different organs of tobacco plants during the same fertilizer treatment stage was leaf>stem>root. In conclusion,the spatial fertilization by T4 could improve potassium uptake and potassium accumulation in flue-cured tobacco. Therefore,it could be considered that in the area of flue-cured tobacco production,the diameter of 25 cm and the depth of 20 cm fertilization should be popularized.
引文
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[21]李静,李勇,张锡洲,等.施钾量对烤烟钾积累与分配的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2013,34(6):69-76.
[22]代晓燕,苏以荣,魏文学,等.打顶对烤烟植株钾素代谢和钾离子通道基因表达的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(3):854-861.
[2]周冀衡,朱晓平,王彦亭.烟草生理与生物化学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,1996.191-196.
[3]张雪芹.钾素营养对烤烟烟叶品质影响的研究进展[J].湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报,2002,3:208-211,214.
[4]李絮花,杨守祥.施用钾肥对烤烟叶片中钾素和氮素含量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,2002,8(3):17-21.
[5]李明德,肖汉乾,余崇祥,等.湖南烟区土壤K、Mg营养及其施肥效应[J].土壤通报,2004,35(3):323-326.
[6]张福锁.根际动态过程与植物营养[J].土壤学报,1992,29(3):239-250.
[7]孙三民,安巧霞,杨培岭,等.灌溉深度对枣树根系和水分的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,(8):1-17.
[8]闫湘,金继运,何萍,等.提高肥料利用率技术研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,(2):450-459.
[9]王川,林治安,李絮花.施肥方式对夏玉米产量和养分吸收利用的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2011,(3):36-37.
[10]庞欣,李春俭,张福锁.部分根系供磷对小麦幼苗生长及同化物分配的影响[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):719-724.
[11]孙海国,林杉,张福锁.小麦根系接受缺磷信号的部位[J].植物生理学通讯,2001,(3):201-203.
[12]高凤菊,吕金岭.尿素深施对小麦产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J].山东农业科学,2006,(3):48-49.
[13]吕殿青,高华,方日尧,等.渭北旱塬冬小麦产区提前深耕一次深施肥料的肥水效应与理论分析[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(2):269-275.
[14]陈亚恒,刘会玲,许皞,等.土壤有效钾提取方法评价[J].土壤肥料,2003,(6):3-7.
[15]郝春玲.火焰光度法测定烟草中钾含量的预处理方法[J].安徽农学通报,2010,16(13):47-48.
[16]占丽平.作物种植对土壤钾素形态转化、运移及供应能力的影响[D].湖北:华中农业大学,2013.
[17]张淑霞,梁永江,杨宇虹.施肥对烤烟生长及根际土壤磷钾养分的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(7):109-113.
[18]胡国松,郑伟,王震东,等.烤烟营养原理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[19]Dai X Y,Su Y R,Wei W X,et al.Effects of top excision on the potassium accumulation and expression of potassium channel genes in tobacco[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2009,60(1):279-289.
[20]郭丽琢,张福锁,李春俭.打顶对烟草生长、钾素吸收及其分配的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(7):819-822.
[21]李静,李勇,张锡洲,等.施钾量对烤烟钾积累与分配的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2013,34(6):69-76.
[22]代晓燕,苏以荣,魏文学,等.打顶对烤烟植株钾素代谢和钾离子通道基因表达的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(3):854-861.