还田秸秆碳在土壤中的转化分配及对土壤有机碳库影响的研究进展
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摘要
农田土壤有机碳库是全球碳循环的重要组成部分.随着秸秆还田技术的广泛应用,作物秸秆成为土壤外源碳的主要来源.秸秆碳在土壤中的转化与分配直接影响土壤有机碳组成与含量,进而改变土壤养分循环.基于近年来的相关研究,本文探讨了还田秸秆碳转化与分配过程的影响因子,详细介绍了参与秸秆碳同化过程的土壤微生物组成,归纳与阐述了秸秆碳对土壤有机碳组成、含量及其周转的影响.同时,就非生物因子对秸秆碳的生物转化效应的影响、秸秆碳转化过程中的生物和非生物因子的互作、秸秆碳氮和土壤碳氮循环的耦合作用、秸秆碳向土壤活性有机碳库或稳定性有机碳库转化的有效调控技术等主要研究方向进行了展望,以期为准确揭示秸秆还田条件下各类土壤有机碳的变化特征,进而为实现秸秆还田的高效培肥与固碳效应提供理论依据和技术支撑.
Farmland soil organic carbon( SOC) pool is a crucial component of global carbon cycle.Due to the widely-implemented straw returning,crop straws have become the primary exogenous carbon source for agricultural soils. The conversion and distribution of straw-derived carbon in soil directly affect the composition and contents of SOC,with further influence on soil nutrient cycling.Based on recent studies,this review investigated the factors impacting the transformation and distribution of straw-carbon; introduced the microbial composition that contributes to the assimilation of carbon from straw; and summarized the effects of straw-carbon on the composition,content,and turnover of SOC. Additionally,we proposed the future research regarding the effects of abiotic factors on the bio-transformation of straw-carbon; the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors during the straw carbon transformation processes; the coupling of carbon and nitrogen from straws into the soil carbon and nitrogen cycles; and the effective control over the transformation of straw-carbon that enters the active or stable soil organic carbon pool. The purpose was to reveal variation characteristics of SOC during straw returning,and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient fertilization and carbon sequestration of straw returning.
Farmland soil organic carbon( SOC) pool is a crucial component of global carbon cycle.Due to the widely-implemented straw returning,crop straws have become the primary exogenous carbon source for agricultural soils. The conversion and distribution of straw-derived carbon in soil directly affect the composition and contents of SOC,with further influence on soil nutrient cycling.Based on recent studies,this review investigated the factors impacting the transformation and distribution of straw-carbon; introduced the microbial composition that contributes to the assimilation of carbon from straw; and summarized the effects of straw-carbon on the composition,content,and turnover of SOC. Additionally,we proposed the future research regarding the effects of abiotic factors on the bio-transformation of straw-carbon; the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors during the straw carbon transformation processes; the coupling of carbon and nitrogen from straws into the soil carbon and nitrogen cycles; and the effective control over the transformation of straw-carbon that enters the active or stable soil organic carbon pool. The purpose was to reveal variation characteristics of SOC during straw returning,and provide theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient fertilization and carbon sequestration of straw returning.
引文
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[4] Shi Z-L(石祖梁),Jia T(贾涛),Wang Y-J(王亚静),et al. Comprehensive utilization status of crop straw and estimation of carbon from burning in China.Chinese Journal of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning(中国农业资源与区划),2017,38(9):32-37(in Chinese)
[5] Liu L(刘乐),Jiu M-T(鞠美庭),Li W-Z(李维尊),et al. Techniques and economy analysis on straw resources utilization. Modern Agricultural Sciences and Technology(现代农业科技),2011(8):243-245(in Chinese)
[6] Zhang G(张国),Lu F(逯非),Zhao H(赵红),et al. Residue usage and farmers’recognition and attitude toward residue retention in China’s croplands.Journal of Agro-Environment Science(农业环境科学学报),2017,36(5):981-988(in Chinese)
[7] Lu F,Wang XK,Han B,et al. Soil carbon sequestrations by nitrogen fertilizer application,straw return and no-tillage in China’s cropland. Global Change Biology,2009,15:281-305
[8] Thuriès L,Pansu M,Feller C,et al. Kinetics of added organic matter decomposition in a Mediterranean sandy soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33:997-1010
[9] Pei JB,Li H,Li SY,et al. Dynamics of maize carbon contribution to soil organic carbon in association with soil type and fertility level. PLo S One, 2015, 10(3):e0120825
[10] Peng X-H(彭新华),Zhang B(张斌),Zhao Q-G(赵其国). A review on relationship between soil organic carbon pool and soil structure stability. Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2004,41(4):618-623(in Chinese)
[11] Li X-H(李新华),Guo H-H(郭洪海),Zhu Z-L(朱振林),et al. Effects of different straw return modes on contents of soil organic carbon and fractions of soil active carbon. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2016,32(9):130-135(in Chinese)
[12] Lal R. Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security. Science,2004,304:1623-1627
[13] Zhang G(张国),Cao Z-P(曹志平),Hu C-J(胡婵娟). Soil organic carbon fractionation methods and their applications in farmland ecosystem research:A review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2011,22(7):1921-1930(in Chinese)
[14] Zhang L-M(张丽敏),Xu M-G(徐明岗),Lou Y-L(娄翼来),et al. Soil organic carbon fractionation methods.Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China(中国土壤与肥料),2014(4):1-6(in Chinese)
[15] Six J,Conant RT,Paul EA,et al. Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter:Implications for C-saturation of soils. Plant and Soil,2002,241:155-176
[16] Dou S(窦森). Soil Organic Matter:The Grouping of Soil Organic Matter. Beijing:Science Press,2011(in Chinese)
[17] Wang H(王虎),Wang X-D(王旭东),Tian X-H(田宵鸿). Effect of straw-returning on the storage and distribution of different active fractions of soil organic carbon. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2014,25(12):3491-3498(in Chinese)
[18] Stewart CE,Plante AF,Paustian K,et al. Soil carbon saturation:Linking concept and measurable carbon pools. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2008,72:379-392
[19] Stewart CE,Paustian K,Conant RT,et al. Soil carbon saturation:Implications for measurable carbon pool dynamics in long-term incubations. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41:357-366
[20] Dalal RC,Chan KY. Soil organic matter in rainfed cropping systems of the Australian cereal belt. Australian Journal of Soil Research,2001,39:435-464
[21] Pei J-B(裴久渤). Transformation and Fixation of Maize Straw Carbon in the Dryland Soils of Northeast China. PhD Thesis. Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2015(in Chinese)
[22] Stockmann U,Adams MA,Crawford JW,et al. The knowns,known unknowns and unknowns of sequestration of soil organic carbon. Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,2013,164:80-99
[23] Yan DZ,Wang DJ,Yang LZ. Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer,straw,and manure on labile organic matter fractions in a paddy soil. Biology and Fertility of Soil,2007,44:93-101
[24] Schulz E. Influence of site conditions and management on different soil organic matter(SOM)pools. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science,2004,50:33-48
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