奎屯市大气VOCs浓度水平及物种的年变化
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摘要
为获取到实时的大气挥发性有机物(VOCs)浓度组成及其日变化特征,2013—2015年在新疆奎屯市环境监测站高20 m的楼顶采用TH-300大气挥发性有机物快速在线监测仪器进行了为期3 a的观测。结果显示,奎屯市TVOCs浓度年均值范围66.0～80.7 ppbv,低碳烷烃、低碳稀烃、高碳烷烃、苯系物和高碳烯烃为主要的五类VOCs,其浓度之和占TVOCs浓度的84.1%。奎屯市冬季VOCs浓度值是年均值1.5倍、冬夏VOCs浓度相差3倍左右,与其他城市相比,大气挥发性污染物浓度水平整体是偏高。与前两年相比,2015年大气中卤代烃、苯系物、含氧(氮)VOCs的百分含量明显提升,分别上升15.6个百分点、6.5个百分点、5.9个百分点,大气VOCs有毒有害成分比例提升。由于在各类挥发性机物中,相同的条件下卤代烃与其它有机物相比,更容易发生光化学反应,因此,从卤代烃夏季含量很高的变化趋势看,奎屯市夏季发生光化学反应的能力不断增强。
To find the real-time concentrations and temporal distribution of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in Kuitun,Xinjiang,China,VOCs were observed by using online gas chromatograph on a roof of a building which was 20 meters high during 2013 to 2015.The results show that the range of annual average concentration of total VOCs(TVOCs) in Kuitun is from 64.8 to 82.8 ppbv,and the main classes of VOCs are light alkanes,light olefins,high alkanes,benzene series and high olefins,which total concentration accounted for 84.1% of TVOCs.The concentration of VOCs in winter was 1.5 times more than the annual average,and differs by 3 times hiqher than that in summer.Compared with other cities,the concentration level of VOCs in Kuitun is higher as a whole.Compared with the last two years,the percentages of halohydrocarbon, benzene series and oxygen(nitrogen) VOCs in air was obviously increased by 15.6%,6.5% and 5.9% respectively in 2015,so did the proportion of poisonous and harmful compositions of VOCs in air.Due to the easier photochemical reaction of halohydrocarbon than other orqanic matters under the same conditions,the capability of photochemical reaction has been increased constantly from the change trend point of view about the high content of halohydrocarbon in summer.
To find the real-time concentrations and temporal distribution of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in Kuitun,Xinjiang,China,VOCs were observed by using online gas chromatograph on a roof of a building which was 20 meters high during 2013 to 2015.The results show that the range of annual average concentration of total VOCs(TVOCs) in Kuitun is from 64.8 to 82.8 ppbv,and the main classes of VOCs are light alkanes,light olefins,high alkanes,benzene series and high olefins,which total concentration accounted for 84.1% of TVOCs.The concentration of VOCs in winter was 1.5 times more than the annual average,and differs by 3 times hiqher than that in summer.Compared with other cities,the concentration level of VOCs in Kuitun is higher as a whole.Compared with the last two years,the percentages of halohydrocarbon, benzene series and oxygen(nitrogen) VOCs in air was obviously increased by 15.6%,6.5% and 5.9% respectively in 2015,so did the proportion of poisonous and harmful compositions of VOCs in air.Due to the easier photochemical reaction of halohydrocarbon than other orqanic matters under the same conditions,the capability of photochemical reaction has been increased constantly from the change trend point of view about the high content of halohydrocarbon in summer.
引文
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[2] 王雪松,李金龙.人为源排放VOC对北京地区臭氧生成的贡献[J].中国环境科学,2002,2(6):501-505.[WANG Xuesong,LI Jinlong.The contribution of anthropogenic hydrocarbons to ozone formation in Beijing areas[J].China Environmental Science,2002,22(6):501-505.]
[3] SCHNEIDEMESSER Erika VON,CHRISTTIAN Paul S MONKS,PLASS-DUELMER.Global comparison of VOC and CO observations in urban areas[J].Atmospheric Environment,2010,44:5053-5064.
[4] 解鑫,邵敏,刘莹,等.大气挥发性有机物的日变化特征及在臭氧生成中的作用——以广州夏季为例[J].环境科学学报,2009,29(1):54-62.[XIE Xin,SHAO Min,LIU Yin,et al.The diurnal variation of ambient VOCs and their role in ozone formation: case study in summer in Guangzhou[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2009,29(1):54-62.]
[5] 赵建国,罗红成,黄碧纯,等.广州市工业挥发性有机物排放特征研究[J].环境污染与防治,2012 ,34 (2) :96-101.[ZHAO Jianguo,LUO Hongcheng,HUANG Bichun,et al.Pollution characteristics of VOCs in the atmosphere of industrial district in Guangzhou[J].Environmental Pollution & Control,2012,34(2):96-101.]
[6] 徐志强.上海市徐汇区大气中挥发性有机物的组成及变化特征[J].环境与职业医学,2012,29(3):154-158.[XU Zhiqiang.Composition and changes of volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere of Xuhui District,Shanghai[J].Journal of Environmental & Occupational Medicine,2012,29(3):154-158.]
[7] 费金岩,朱焕山.老工业区大气中挥发性有机物的分布和组成特征[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(5):124-127.[FEI Jinyan,ZHU Huanshan.Distribution and composition of ambient volatile organic compounds in old industry city[J].Environmental Science and Management,2012,37(5):124-127.]
[8] 徐锋,钱晓曙,孙志刚,等.绍兴市某工业区大气中挥发性有机物污染状况的研究[J].中国环境监测,2011,27(2):45-47.[XU Feng,QIAN Xiaoshu,SUN Zhigang,et al.Studys on volatile organic compounds pollution in the atmosphere of some industrial district of Shaoxing City[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2011,27(2):45-47.]
[9] 刘泽常,张帆,侯鲁健,等.济南市夏季环境空气VOCS污染特征研究[J].环境科学,2013,33(10):3656-3661.[LIU Zechang,ZHANG Fan,HOU Lujian,et al.Pollution characteristics of VOCs in ambient air of Ji’nan City in summer[J].Environmental Science,2013,33(10):3656-3661.]
[10] 朱丽波,徐能斌,应红梅,等.宁波市环境空气中VOCs 污染状况及变化趋势分析[J].中国环境监测,2012,28(5):24-28.[ZHU Libo,XU Nengbin,YING Hongmei,et al.Pollution status and trend analysis of volatile organic compounds in the ambient air of Ningbo City[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2012,28(5):24-28.]
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