基于正交试验的含氮硼酸酯铝材轧制润滑油摩擦学性能研究
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摘要
合成一种新型含氮硼酸酯铝材轧制润滑油添加剂,利用四球试验机考察添加含氮硼酸酯的铝材轧制润滑油的油膜强度、摩擦因数,通过显微镜观察磨斑形貌并测量磨斑直径。利用正交试验法评估极压剂含量、基础油种类、四球试验机载荷和转速对含氮硼酸酯润滑油摩擦学性能的影响,并通过多目标优化设计,对4种参数对铝材轧制润滑油摩擦学性能的强化效果进行综合研究。结果表明:各工艺参数对油样的摩擦学性能影响显著性由大到小依次为极压剂添加量、基础油种类、转速和载荷;经过多目标优化设计,得到的含氮硼酸酯铝材轧制润滑油强化工艺参数的最佳组合:极压剂质量分数为1.0%,基础油种类为D100,载荷为294 N,转速为1 200 r/min;通过极差、方差等分析,发现极压剂添加量和基础油种类对油样的摩擦学性能有显著影响。
A new type of lubricating oil additive of nitrogen-containing borate ester for aluminium rolling was synthesized.The film strength and friction coefficient of the aluminium rolling lubricating oil with nitrogen-containing borate ester were investigated by a four-ball tester.The wear scar morphology was observed through microscope and wear scar diameters was measured.The influences of the type of base oil,the content of extreme pressure additive,the load and rotational speed on the tribological performances of aluminium rolling lubricating oils of nitrogen-containing borate ester were evaluated comprehensively by orthogonal test.The enhancing effects of four parameters on the tribological performances of aluminium rolling lubricating oils were studied synthetically based upon multi-objective optimal design.The results show that the content of extreme pressure additive has the greatest effect on the tribological performance of aluminium rolling lubricating oils,followed by the type of base oil,the rotational speed,and the load.Based on the multi-objective optimal design,the best parameter combination for the tribological performances of nitrogen-containing borate ester aluminium rolling oil was obtained,which is that the content of extreme pressure additive is 1.0%,the type of base oil is D100,the rotational speed is 1 200 r/min and the load is 294 N.The result of the range analysis and variance analysis shows that content of extreme pressure additive and the type of base oil have a significant effect on the tribological performances.
A new type of lubricating oil additive of nitrogen-containing borate ester for aluminium rolling was synthesized.The film strength and friction coefficient of the aluminium rolling lubricating oil with nitrogen-containing borate ester were investigated by a four-ball tester.The wear scar morphology was observed through microscope and wear scar diameters was measured.The influences of the type of base oil,the content of extreme pressure additive,the load and rotational speed on the tribological performances of aluminium rolling lubricating oils of nitrogen-containing borate ester were evaluated comprehensively by orthogonal test.The enhancing effects of four parameters on the tribological performances of aluminium rolling lubricating oils were studied synthetically based upon multi-objective optimal design.The results show that the content of extreme pressure additive has the greatest effect on the tribological performance of aluminium rolling lubricating oils,followed by the type of base oil,the rotational speed,and the load.Based on the multi-objective optimal design,the best parameter combination for the tribological performances of nitrogen-containing borate ester aluminium rolling oil was obtained,which is that the content of extreme pressure additive is 1.0%,the type of base oil is D100,the rotational speed is 1 200 r/min and the load is 294 N.The result of the range analysis and variance analysis shows that content of extreme pressure additive and the type of base oil have a significant effect on the tribological performances.
引文
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【4】 王松,岳文,王成彪,等.渗氮GCr15 钢在含氮硼酸酯添加剂润滑油作用下的摩擦学性能[J].机械工程学报,48(19):128-133.WANG S,YUE W,WANG C B,et al.Tribological properties of plasma nitriding GCr15 steel under lubrication with borate containing nitrogen additive[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,48(19):128-133.
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【8】 范冰极,李建昌,任天辉.含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯添加剂在PAO10中的摩擦特性协同效应[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(8):19-23.FAN B J,LI J C,REN T H.Synergistic effect of tribological performances of N-containing borate ester and phosphate ester as additives in PAO10[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(8):19-23.
【9】 熊桑,孙建林,徐阳,等.基于分子动力学理论制备含氮磷硼酸酯添加剂及其摩擦学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(6):1721-1729.XIONG S,SUN J L,XU Y,et al.Preparation of nitrogen-and phosphorus-containing boric acid ester additive based on molecular dynamics theory and its tribology properties[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(6):1721-1729.
【10】 孙令国,王永刚,张立,等.含磷酸酯胺盐官能团硼酸酯衍生物的摩擦学性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2010,35(1):52-55.SUN L G,WANG Y G,ZHANG L,et al.Tribological properties of a novel borate derivative containing amine phosphate[J].Lubrication Engineering,2010,35(1):52-55.
【11】 马海红,苏怀刚,李维民,等.一种PN 型极压润滑添加剂的性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(6):41-45.MA H H,SU H G,LI W M,et al.Study on extreme pressure performance of a kind of PN lubricating additive [J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(6):41-45.
【12】 江泽琦,方建华,陈波水,等.磁场作用下基础油和含磷酸三甲酚酯润滑油的摩擦磨损特性[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(5):571-576.JIANG Z Q,FANG J H,CHEN B S,et al.Tribological properties of base oil and lubricating oils containing tricresyl phosphate under magnetic field [J].Tribology,2016,36(5):571-576.
【13】 HUANG W J,DONG J X,LI F H,et al.The performance and antiwear mechanism of (2-sulfuronebenzothiazole)-3-methyl esters as additives in synthetic lubricant[J].Tribology International,2000,33(8):553-557.
【14】 张美琼,张霞玲,王凯明,等.基础油中芳烃对冷冻机油抗磨损性能的影响[J].润滑油,2017,32(2):23-26.ZHANG M Q,ZHANG X L,WANG K M,et al.The effect of aromatic content in base oil on antiwear properties of refrigeration lubricants[J].Lubricating Oil,2017,32(2):23-26.
【15】 董君,朱丽丽,吴新虎,等.高温环状磷酸酯润滑添加剂的制备及其摩擦学性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2014,39(10):37-43.DONG J,ZHU L L,WU X H,et al.Synthesis and tribological properties of a cyclic phosphate ester as elevated temperature lubricanting additive[J].Lubrication Engineering,2014,39(10):37-43.
【16】 YAN J C,BAI X F,LI J,et al.The tribochemical study of novel phosphorous-nitrogen( P-N) type phosphoramidate additives in water[J].Industrial Lubrication & Tribology,2014,66(3):346-352.
【17】 吴燕霞,李维民,王晓波.磷型极压抗磨剂对双酯基础油摩擦学性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2015,40(9):19-24.WU Y X,LI W M,WANG X B.Effect of P-extreme pressure and anti-wear additives on tribological properties of diester base oil[J].Lubrication Engineering,2015,40(9):19-24.
【18】 ZENG X Q,LI J,WU X D,et al.The tribological behaviors of hydroxyl-containing dithiocarbamate-triazine derivatives as additives in rapeseed oil[J].Tribology International,2007,40 (3):560 -566.
【19】 LIU X,ZHOU F,LIANG Y,et al.Tribological performance of phosphonium based ionic liquids for an aluminum-on-steel system and opinions on lubrication mechanism[J].Wear,2006,261(10):1174-1179.
【20】 郑杰.试验设计与数据分析[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2016.
【2】 徐敏.航空润滑油极压抗磨剂的摩擦学性能研究[J].润滑油,2001,16(4):60-64.XU M.Study on tribological behaviors of aviation lubricating oils with different AW & EP additives[J].Lubricating Oil,2001,16(4):60-64.
【3】 刘维民,夏延秋,薛群基.磷氮型极压抗磨添加剂对钢-铝摩擦副摩擦磨损性能的影响[J].摩擦学学报,2000,20(5):331-335.LIU W M,XIA Y Q,XUE Q J.Effect of P-N type extreme pressure and anti-wear additive on the friction and wear behaviour of aluminum-steel sliding pair[J].Tribology,2000,20(5):331-335.
【4】 王松,岳文,王成彪,等.渗氮GCr15 钢在含氮硼酸酯添加剂润滑油作用下的摩擦学性能[J].机械工程学报,48(19):128-133.WANG S,YUE W,WANG C B,et al.Tribological properties of plasma nitriding GCr15 steel under lubrication with borate containing nitrogen additive[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,48(19):128-133.
【5】 龚殿婷,李凤华,张宏军.一种含磷硼酸酯润滑油添加剂的制备及性能研究[J].硅酸盐通报,2017,36(1):210-213,218.GONG D T,LI F H,ZHANG H J.Synthesis and property of phosphorus-containing borate as lubricant additive[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2017,36(1):210-213,218.
【6】 ZHANG Y W,ZENG X Q,WU H,et al.The tribological chemistry of a novel borate ester additive and its interaction with ZDDP using XANES and XPS[J].Tribology Letters,2014,53(3):533-542.
【7】 YAN J C,ZENG X Q,REN T H,et al.The tribological performance and tribochemical analysis of novel borate esters as lubricant additives in rapeseed oil[J].Tribology International,2014,71(1):149-157.
【8】 范冰极,李建昌,任天辉.含氮硼酸酯与磷酸酯添加剂在PAO10中的摩擦特性协同效应[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(8):19-23.FAN B J,LI J C,REN T H.Synergistic effect of tribological performances of N-containing borate ester and phosphate ester as additives in PAO10[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(8):19-23.
【9】 熊桑,孙建林,徐阳,等.基于分子动力学理论制备含氮磷硼酸酯添加剂及其摩擦学性能[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(6):1721-1729.XIONG S,SUN J L,XU Y,et al.Preparation of nitrogen-and phosphorus-containing boric acid ester additive based on molecular dynamics theory and its tribology properties[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(6):1721-1729.
【10】 孙令国,王永刚,张立,等.含磷酸酯胺盐官能团硼酸酯衍生物的摩擦学性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2010,35(1):52-55.SUN L G,WANG Y G,ZHANG L,et al.Tribological properties of a novel borate derivative containing amine phosphate[J].Lubrication Engineering,2010,35(1):52-55.
【11】 马海红,苏怀刚,李维民,等.一种PN 型极压润滑添加剂的性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(6):41-45.MA H H,SU H G,LI W M,et al.Study on extreme pressure performance of a kind of PN lubricating additive [J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(6):41-45.
【12】 江泽琦,方建华,陈波水,等.磁场作用下基础油和含磷酸三甲酚酯润滑油的摩擦磨损特性[J].摩擦学学报,2016,36(5):571-576.JIANG Z Q,FANG J H,CHEN B S,et al.Tribological properties of base oil and lubricating oils containing tricresyl phosphate under magnetic field [J].Tribology,2016,36(5):571-576.
【13】 HUANG W J,DONG J X,LI F H,et al.The performance and antiwear mechanism of (2-sulfuronebenzothiazole)-3-methyl esters as additives in synthetic lubricant[J].Tribology International,2000,33(8):553-557.
【14】 张美琼,张霞玲,王凯明,等.基础油中芳烃对冷冻机油抗磨损性能的影响[J].润滑油,2017,32(2):23-26.ZHANG M Q,ZHANG X L,WANG K M,et al.The effect of aromatic content in base oil on antiwear properties of refrigeration lubricants[J].Lubricating Oil,2017,32(2):23-26.
【15】 董君,朱丽丽,吴新虎,等.高温环状磷酸酯润滑添加剂的制备及其摩擦学性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2014,39(10):37-43.DONG J,ZHU L L,WU X H,et al.Synthesis and tribological properties of a cyclic phosphate ester as elevated temperature lubricanting additive[J].Lubrication Engineering,2014,39(10):37-43.
【16】 YAN J C,BAI X F,LI J,et al.The tribochemical study of novel phosphorous-nitrogen( P-N) type phosphoramidate additives in water[J].Industrial Lubrication & Tribology,2014,66(3):346-352.
【17】 吴燕霞,李维民,王晓波.磷型极压抗磨剂对双酯基础油摩擦学性能的影响[J].润滑与密封,2015,40(9):19-24.WU Y X,LI W M,WANG X B.Effect of P-extreme pressure and anti-wear additives on tribological properties of diester base oil[J].Lubrication Engineering,2015,40(9):19-24.
【18】 ZENG X Q,LI J,WU X D,et al.The tribological behaviors of hydroxyl-containing dithiocarbamate-triazine derivatives as additives in rapeseed oil[J].Tribology International,2007,40 (3):560 -566.
【19】 LIU X,ZHOU F,LIANG Y,et al.Tribological performance of phosphonium based ionic liquids for an aluminum-on-steel system and opinions on lubrication mechanism[J].Wear,2006,261(10):1174-1179.
【20】 郑杰.试验设计与数据分析[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2016.
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