水稻钵苗拔取特性研究及试验
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摘要
目前,水稻钵育栽培技术快速发展,其关键在于取秧机构如何有效将秧苗从钵苗穴盘中拔出。为获取水稻钵苗取秧机构更佳取秧作业环境,及探索结构简单、高效、且移栽过程中对秧苗损伤小的取秧技术,通过钵苗拔取力测试试验台对钵盘秧苗进行拔取性能的试验及研究。选取钵苗品种、秧龄、取秧位置和取秧角度4个因素作为测试对象,研究其与拔取力之间的关系。试验表明:秧苗品种主要通过根系的发达程度和分布范围对秧苗拔取力产生影响,根系越发达,分布空间大,裸露越多,拔取力越大;秧龄对秧苗拔取力影响较小;秧苗拔取力随着取秧位置离钵体上表面的距离增大而增大;取秧角度为45°时秧苗拔取力较小;在取秧位置15 mm,取秧角度45°,秧龄19 d时,取秧效果较好;在整个取秧过程中,秧苗拔取力均未超过5 N,小于秧苗的抗拉断力值5.59 N。
At present,the key technology of the rapid development of rice pot cultivation technology is to remove the seedlings from the pot seedling hole.In order to obtain the better working environment for the rice seedling transplantation equipment for pot seedlings,and to explore the technology for rice seedling picking with simple structure,high efficiency and little damage to seedlings in the process of transplanting,the extrac?tion characteristics of pot seedlings were tested and studied by using the test bench.Four factors were selected to study the relationships among pot seedling varieties,seedling ages,seedling picking location and seedling picking angle and extraction force.The test results showed:the seedlings affected the extraction force mainly by the density and distribution of the roots.In the case of well-developed roots,large distribution space and bare roots,the extraction force was greater.The seedling ages had little effect on the seedling extraction force.The ex?traction force increased with the distance between the top surface of the pot and seedling picking location.The extraction force of the seedlings was smaller when the picking angle of the seedlings was 45°.The effect of seed?ling picking was better when the seedling position was 15 mm,the angle was 45° and the seedlings age was 19 days.In the whole process of seedling picking,the extraction force of seedlings did not exceed 5 N,less than5.59 N,the tensile strength of the seedlings.
At present,the key technology of the rapid development of rice pot cultivation technology is to remove the seedlings from the pot seedling hole.In order to obtain the better working environment for the rice seedling transplantation equipment for pot seedlings,and to explore the technology for rice seedling picking with simple structure,high efficiency and little damage to seedlings in the process of transplanting,the extrac?tion characteristics of pot seedlings were tested and studied by using the test bench.Four factors were selected to study the relationships among pot seedling varieties,seedling ages,seedling picking location and seedling picking angle and extraction force.The test results showed:the seedlings affected the extraction force mainly by the density and distribution of the roots.In the case of well-developed roots,large distribution space and bare roots,the extraction force was greater.The seedling ages had little effect on the seedling extraction force.The ex?traction force increased with the distance between the top surface of the pot and seedling picking location.The extraction force of the seedlings was smaller when the picking angle of the seedlings was 45°.The effect of seed?ling picking was better when the seedling position was 15 mm,the angle was 45° and the seedlings age was 19 days.In the whole process of seedling picking,the extraction force of seedlings did not exceed 5 N,less than5.59 N,the tensile strength of the seedlings.
引文
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[14]蔡金平,肖丽萍,刘木华,等.水稻机械化移栽技术发展现状与展望[J].农机化研究,2018,40(10):6-10.Cai J P,Xiao L P,Liu M H,et al.Development status and prospect of rice mechanization transplanting technology[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(10):6-10.
[15]谭艳红.水稻抛秧机关键部件机构设计与试验研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2016.Tan Y H.Design and experimental research of key components on rice throwing machine[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2016.
[16]马瑞峻,区颖刚,赵祚喜,等.穴盘水稻秧苗拔秧力试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2005(9):32-36.Ma R J,Qu Y G,Zhao Z X,et al.Experimental study on the force of pulling up the rice seedlings sprouted in the plastic celltray[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2005(9):32-36.
[2]王林伟.非圆齿轮行星系水稻钵苗移栽机构的参数优化与设计[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2014.Wang L W.Parameters optimization and design of rice bowl seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary train with noncircular gears[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2014.
[3]李晶飞.土槽试验台移栽试验装置的设计与水稻秧针取秧力的分析[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2009.Li J F.The design of soil bin device transplants test equipment and analysis of the seedling-needles’take lifting force[D].Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2009.
[4]叶秉良,朱浩,俞高红,等.旋转式水稻钵苗移栽机构动力学分析与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):53-61.Ye B L,Zhu H,Yu G H,et al.Dynamics analysis and tests of rotary transplanting mechanism for rice pot-seedling[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):53-61.
[5]吴国环,俞高红,项筱洁,等.三移栽臂水稻钵苗移栽机构设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(15):15-22.Wu G H,Yu G H,Xiang X J,et al.Design and test of rice potted-seedling transplanting mechanism with three transplanting arms[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(15):15-22.
[6]张永智.轮式水稻钵苗行载机关键部件仿生研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2009.Zhang Y Z.Bionics investigation on key parts of wheel type ordered rice seedling thrower[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2009.
[7]张留远.共轭凸轮非圆行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构机理分析与优化设计[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2013.Zhang L Y.The principle analysis and optimal design of transplanting mechanism with conjugate cam and non-circular gear epicyclic train[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,2013.
[8]叶秉良,吴国环,俞高红,等.非圆齿轮行星轮系水稻钵苗移栽机构优化设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(11):68-73.Ye B L,Wu G H,Yu G H,et al.Optimized design and tests on rice potted seedling transplanting mechanism of planetary gear train with non-circular gears[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):68-73.
[9]胡雅杰.机插方式和密度对不同穗型水稻品种生产力及其形成的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2016.Hu Y J.Effect of different mechanical transplanted methods and plant density on productivity of different panicle typed rice and their forming characteristics[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2016.
[10]黄小艳.旋转式水稻钵苗移栽机构的参数优化与设计[D].杭州:浙江理工大学,2013.Huang X Y.Parameter optimization and design of rotary rice bowl transplanting mechanism[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang SciTech University,2013.
[11]俞高红,杜立恒,李革,等.高速水稻钵苗移栽机送秧装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(5):39-45.Yu G H,Du L H,Li G,et al.Design and experiment of feeding-seedling device for high-speed rice pot-seedling transplanter[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(5):39-45.
[12]胡敏娟,张文毅,浦毅,等.水稻钵苗移栽机试验研究[J].农机化研究,2017,39(12):130-134.Hu M J,Zhang W Y,Pu Y,et al.Experimental study about rice pot-seedling transplanter[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2017,39(12):130-134.
[13]宋建农,王苹,魏文军,等.水稻秧苗抗拉力学特性及穴盘拔秧性能的力学试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2003(6):10-13.Song J N,Wang P,Wei W J,et al.Experimental research on tensile strength of rice seedlings and force of pulling out seedlings from trays[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Engineering,2003(6):10-13.
[14]蔡金平,肖丽萍,刘木华,等.水稻机械化移栽技术发展现状与展望[J].农机化研究,2018,40(10):6-10.Cai J P,Xiao L P,Liu M H,et al.Development status and prospect of rice mechanization transplanting technology[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(10):6-10.
[15]谭艳红.水稻抛秧机关键部件机构设计与试验研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2016.Tan Y H.Design and experimental research of key components on rice throwing machine[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2016.
[16]马瑞峻,区颖刚,赵祚喜,等.穴盘水稻秧苗拔秧力试验研究[J].农业机械学报,2005(9):32-36.Ma R J,Qu Y G,Zhao Z X,et al.Experimental study on the force of pulling up the rice seedlings sprouted in the plastic celltray[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2005(9):32-36.