提升大学生创业成功率的理论与政策
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摘要
"大众创业,万众创新"在我国已实施好几年,政府对大学生创业也高度重视。尽管如此,我国大学生创业成功率至今仍比较低,创业的总体效果不佳。从理论上分析,创业成功率与创业者的创业资本构成、政府和市场对创业创新的激励机制、政府和市场对创业风险的分担机制等因素和政策有关。美国大学生创业成功率高,是因为美国的创业支持系统比较完备。从借鉴美国的经验出发,要提升中国大学生的创业成功率,还有赖于政府在创业资本培育、创业融资扶持、创业创新激励、创业风险分担,以及引导市场创业投资基金有效进入大学生创业领域方面加大改革力度,发挥更大作用。
"Mass entrepreneurship and innovation" has been vigorously implemented in China for several years, and the government pays high attention to university students' entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the success rate of university students' entrepreneurship is still relatively low, and the overall effect of entrepreneurship is unsatisfactory. Theoretically, the success rate of entrepreneurship is related to the composition of entrepreneurs' venture capital, the incentive mechanism of government and market for entrepreneurship innovation, and the sharing mechanism of government and market for entrepreneurship risk. The success rate of American university students' entrepreneurship is quite high because the entrepreneurship support system in the United States is relatively complete. Drawing lessons from the experience of the United States, promoting the success rate of Chinese university students' entrepreneurship depends on the cultivation of venture capital, the support of venture financing, the incentive of venture innovation, the sharing of venture risks, and the guidance of the market venture capital fund to enter the field of university students' entrepreneurship effectively.
"Mass entrepreneurship and innovation" has been vigorously implemented in China for several years, and the government pays high attention to university students' entrepreneurship. Nevertheless, the success rate of university students' entrepreneurship is still relatively low, and the overall effect of entrepreneurship is unsatisfactory. Theoretically, the success rate of entrepreneurship is related to the composition of entrepreneurs' venture capital, the incentive mechanism of government and market for entrepreneurship innovation, and the sharing mechanism of government and market for entrepreneurship risk. The success rate of American university students' entrepreneurship is quite high because the entrepreneurship support system in the United States is relatively complete. Drawing lessons from the experience of the United States, promoting the success rate of Chinese university students' entrepreneurship depends on the cultivation of venture capital, the support of venture financing, the incentive of venture innovation, the sharing of venture risks, and the guidance of the market venture capital fund to enter the field of university students' entrepreneurship effectively.
引文
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[3]洪大用,毛基业,叶康涛.中国大学生创业报告2016[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2017.
[4]Boso N,Cadogan J W,Story V M..Complementary effect of entrepreneurial and market orientations on export new product success under differing levels of competitive intensity and financial capital[J].International Business Review,2012,21(4):667-681.
[5]田千里.老板论[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2000.
[6]约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论[M].北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[7]约瑟夫·熊彼特.资本主义、社会主义和民主主义[M].北京:商务印书馆,1990.
[8]Chou D C..Risk identification in Green IT practice[J].Computer Standards&Interfaces.2013,35(2):231-237.
[9]Frank Knight.Risk,Uncertainty and Profit[M].Schaffner Marx:Houghton Mifflin Co,1921.
[10]成蓉.美国、日本中小企业融资支持政策的演进-兼论对浙江省建设中小企业金融中心的启示[J].生产力研究,2011,(11).
[11]SBA.the small business economy for date year 2006[R].Washington:United States Government Printing Office,2007.
[12]Technology Licensing office.An Inventor’s Guide to Technology Transfer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology[EB/OL].http://web.mit.edu/tlo/www/community/index.html,2011-09-08.
[13]Robert J,Goetz.SBIR/STRR Programs Foster Innovation[J].Community College Entrepreneurship,2008,(Summer/Autumn):12.
[14]莫荣,王莹莹.美国如何支持创业[J].中国人力资源社会保障,2015,(12).
[15]李亚员.当代大学生创业现状调查及教育引导对策研究[J].教育研究,2017,(2).
[16]清华大学中国创业研究中心.全球创业观察中国报告(2015)[EB/OL].http://finance.huanqiu.com/roll/2016-01/8465771.html,2016-01-28.
[17]清华大学二十国集团创业研究中心.全球创业观察中国报告2017-2018[EB/OL].http://www.sem.tsinghua.edu.cn/news/xyywcn/13187.html,2018-11-24.